物流公司業務英語常用單詞
A. 物流方面的英語專業術語、組織名稱中英對照
1)A/N Arrival Notice
到貨通知
2)BAF Bunker Adjustment Factor 燃油附加費,大多數航線都有,但標准不一 。
3)B/L Bill of Lading 海運提單
4)B/R Buying Rate 買價
5)C&F cost and freight 成本加運費價
6)CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 成本運費加保險,俗稱「到岸價」
7)CPT Carriage Paid To 運費付至目的地
8)CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To 運費、保險費付至目的地
9)CY/CY 整櫃交貨
10)C.Y. Container Yard 貨櫃場
11)FS CARGO FREIGHT STATION 場
12)C/D customs declaration 報關單
13)C.C. COLLECT 運費到付
14)CNTR NO. CONTAINER NUMBER 櫃號
15)C/O certificate of origin 一般原產地證
16)CTN/CTNS carton/cartons 紙箱
17)C.S.C Container Service Charge 貨櫃服務費
18)CNEE Consignee 收貨人
19)CAF Currency Adjustment Factor 貨幣匯率附加費
20)CFS Container Freight Station 散貨倉庫
21)CFS/CFS 散裝交貨
22)CHB Customs House Broker 報關行
23)CTNR Container 貨櫃
24)DAF Delivered At Frontier 邊境交貨
25)DES Delivered Ex Ship 目的港船上交貨
26)DEQ Delivered Ex Quay 目的港碼頭交貨
27)DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid 未完稅交貨
28)DDP Delivered Duty Paid 完稅後交貨
29)DDC、IAC 直航附加費,美加航線使用
30)DDC Destination Delivery Charge 目的港碼頭費
31)DL/DLS dollar/dollars 美元
32)D/P document against payment 付款交單
33)DOC document 文件、單據
34)DOC DOCUMENT CHARGE 文件費
35)D/O Delivery Order 到港通知
B. 物流專業術語(中英文 50句)
1運輸Transportation
用設備和工具,將物品從一地點向另一地點運送的物流活動。其中包括集貨、分配、搬運、中轉、裝入、卸下、分散等一系列操作。[GB/T4122一1996.中4.4]
2聯合運輸Combined transport
一次委託,由兩家以上運輸企業或用兩種以上運輸方式共同將某一批物品運送到目的地的運輸方式。
3直達運輸Through transport
物品由發運地到接收地,中途不需要換裝和在儲存場所停滯的一種運輸方式。
4中轉運輸Transfer transport
物品由生產地運達最終使用地,中途經過一次以上落地並換裝的一種運輸方式。
5甩掛運輸Drop and puIl transport
用牽引車拖帶掛車至目的地,將掛車甩下後,換上新的掛車運往另一個目的地的運輸方式。
6集裝運輸Containerized transport
使用集裝器具或利用捆紮方法,把裸裝物品、散粒物品、體積較小的成件物品,組合成為一定規格的集裝單元進行的運輸。
7 集裝箱 運輸Container transport
以 集裝箱 為單元進行貨物運輸的一種貨運方式。
8門到門Door一to一door
承運人 在 托運 人的工廠或倉庫整箱接貨,負責運抵收貨人的工廠或倉庫整箱交貨。
9整箱貨Full container load(FCL)
一個集裝箱裝滿一個 托運 人同時也是一個收貨人的貨物。
10 拼箱 貨Less than container load (LCL)
一個集裝箱裝入多個托運人或多個收貨人的貨物。
11儲存Storing
保護、管理、貯藏物品。
12保管Storage
對物品進行保存和數量、質量管理控制的活動。
13物品儲備Article reserves
儲存起來以備需的物品。有當年儲備、長期儲備、戰略儲備之分。
14庫存Inventory
處於儲存狀態的物品。廣義的庫存還包括處於製造加工狀態和運輸狀態的物品。
15經常庫存Cycle stock
在正常的經營環境下,企業為滿足日常需要而建立的庫存。
16安全庫存Safety Stock
為了防止由於不確定性因素(如大量突發性訂貨、交貨期突然延期等)而准備的緩沖庫存。
17庫存周期Inventory cycle time
在一定范圍內,庫存物品從入庫到出庫的平均時間。
18前置期(或提前期)Lead time
從發出 訂貨單 到收到貨物的時間間隔。
19訂貨處理周期0rder cycle time
從收到 訂貨單 到將所訂貨物發運出去的時間間隔。
20貨垛Goods stack
為了便於保管和裝卸、運輸,按一定要求分門別類堆放在一起的一批物品。
21堆碼Stacking
將物品整齊、規則地擺放成貨垛的作業。
22搬運Handling/carrying
在同一場所內,對物品進行水平移動為主的物流作業。
23裝卸Loading and unloading
指物品在指定地點以人力或機械裝入運輸設備或卸下。
24單元裝卸Unit loading and unloading
用托盤、容器或包裝物將小件或散裝物品集成一定重量或體積的組合件,以便利用機械進行作業的裝卸方式。
25包裝Package/packaging
為在流通過程中保護產品、方便儲運、促進銷售,按一定技術方法而採用的容器、材料及輔助物等的總體名稱。也指為了達到上述目的而採用容器、材料和輔助物的過程中施加一定技術方法等的操作活動。
26銷售包裝Sales package
又稱內包裝,是直接接觸商品並隨商品進入零售網點和消費者或用戶直接見面的包裝。
27定牌包裝Packing of nominated brand
買方要求賣方在出口商品/包裝上使用買方指定的牌名或商標的做法。
28中性包裝Neutral packing
在出口商品及其內外包裝上都不註明生產國別的包裝。
29運輸包裝Transport package
以滿足運輸貯存要求為主要目的的包裝。它具有保障產品的安全,方便儲運裝卸,加速交接、點驗等作用。
30托盤包裝palietizing
以托盤為承載物,將包裝件或產品堆碼在托盤上,通過捆紮、裹包或膠粘等方法加以固定,形成一個搬運單元,以便用機械設備搬運。
31集裝化Containerization
用集裝器具或採用捆紮方法,把物品組成標准規格的單元貨件,以加快裝卸、搬運、儲存,運輸等物流活動。
32散裝化In bulk
用專門機械、器具進行運輸、裝卸的散狀物品在某個物流范圍內,不用任何包裝,長期固定採用吸揚、抓鬥等機械、器具進行裝卸、運輸、儲存的作業方式。
33直接換裝Cross docking
物品在物流環節中,不經過中間倉庫或站點,直接從一個運輸工具換載到另一個運輸工具的物流銜接方式。
34配送Distribution
在經濟合理區域范圍內,根據用戶要求,對物品進行揀選、加工、包裝、分割、組配等作業,並按時送達指定地點的物流活動。
35共同配送Joint distribution
由多個企業聯合組織實施的配送活動。
36配送中心Distribution center
從事配送業務的物流場所或組織。應基本符合下列要求:
(1)主要為特定的用戶服務;
(2)配送功能健全;
(3)完善的信息網路;
(4)輻射范圍小;
(5)多品種、小批量;
(6)以配送為主,儲存為輔。
37分揀Sorting
將物品按品種、出入庫先後順序進行分門別類堆放的作業。
38揀選0rder picking
按訂單或出庫單的要求,從儲存場所選出物品,並放置在指定地點的作業。
39集貨Goods collection
將分散的或小批量的物品集中起來,以便進行運輸、配送的作業。
40組配Assemb1y
配送前,根據物品的流量、流向及運輸工具的載重量和容積,組織安排物品裝載的作業。
41流通加工Distribution processing
物品在從生產地到使用地的過程中,根據需要施加包裝、分割、計量、分揀、刷標志、拴標簽、組裝等簡單作業的總稱。
42冷鏈Cold chain
為保持新鮮食品及冷凍食品等的品質,使其在從生產到消費的過程中,始終處於低溫狀態的配有專門設備的物流網路。
43檢驗Inspection
根據合同或標准,對標的物品的品質、數量、包裝等進行檢查、驗收的總稱。
C. 物流英語專業詞彙
物流詞彙:
public and private sectors 公共和私人領域
budget constraint 預算約束
spare parts 備品
semi-finished 半成品的
after-sales service 售後服務
GDP(Gross Domestic Proct)國內生產總值
government expenditure 政府開支
NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreement)北美自由貿易協定
EU(European Union)歐盟
assembly center 組裝中心
DC(Distribution Center)配送中心
Transportation terminal 運輸站,運輸貨站,運輸終端站
mail sorting center 郵件分揀中心
trade-off 權衡,交易
excess capacity 剩餘生產能力
wide swing 大波動
idle capacity 閑置生產能力
SKU(Stock Keeping Unit)存貨單元
job lot storage 按工作所需存貨
D. 物流公司常用英語
附件是物流英語,算是比較全面的,樓主可以學習一下。
E. 快遞行業的一些常用英文有哪些
1.This is business center .I called you in the afternoom .but you didn't stay in .so i am very sorry to not contact you in time.
這里是商務中心,下午我給您打過電話,由於您不在房內所以我無法急時聯繫到您真是非常抱歉.
2.The goods you entrusted to us to send .we are unable to do it right now.
關於您好託付給我們要求幫您寄出的物品我們現在無法為您寄出.
3.Which do you send .document or package.
請問您是要寄文件還是包裹?
F. 出口物流貿易常用英文單詞。
||貨運術語大全
貨物
goods || freight || cargo
運輸
transportation || transit || conveyance
運送
to transport || to carry || to convey
運輸業
transportation business || forwarding business || carrying trade
運輸代理人
a forwarding agent
承運人
a freight agent || a carrier
船務代理人
a shipping agent
陸上運輸
transportation by land
海上運輸
transportation by sea
貨物運輸
goods traffic || freight traffic || carriage of freights || carriage of goods
貨輪
cargo boat || freighter || cargo steamer || cargo carrier
火車
goods-train || freight-train
卡車
goods-van || goods wagon || freight car || truck
貨運辦公室
goods-office || freight-department
運費率
freight || freight rates || goods rate
運費
carriage charges || shipping expenses || express charges
車費
cartage || portage
運費預付
carriage prepaid || carriage paid
運費到付
carriage forward || freight collect
運費免除||免費
carriage free
協定運費
conference freight || freight rate
運費清單
freight account
托運單
way-bill || invoice
運送契約
contract for carriage
裝運
shipment || loading
裝上貨輪
to ship || to load || to take on a ship
裝運費
shipping charges || shipping commission
裝運單||載貨單
shipping invoice
裝運單據
shipping documents
大副收據
mate´s receipt
裝船單
shipping order
提貨單
delivery order || dandy note
裝船通知
shipping advice
包裹收據
parcel receipt
准裝貨單
shipping permit
租船契約
charter party
租船人
charterer
程租船||航次租賃
voyage charter
期租船
time charter
允許裝卸時間
lay days || laying days
工作日
working days
連續天數
running days || consecutive days
滯期費
demurrage
滯期日數
demurrage days
速遣費
G. 誰能幫我找50個有關物流的英語單詞
145個物流英語單詞
1物品 article
2.物流 logistics
3.物流活動 logistics activity
4.物流作業 logistics operation
5.物流模數 logistics molus
6.物流技術 logistics technology
7.物流成本 logistics cost
8.物流管理 logistics management
9.物流中心 logistics center
10.物流網路 logistics network
11.物流信息 logistics information
12.物流企業 logistics enterprise
13.物流單證 logistics documents
14.物流聯盟 logistics alliance
15.供應物流 supply logistics
16.生產物流 proction logistics
17.銷售物流 distribution logistics
18.回收物流 returned logistics
19.廢棄物物流 waste material logistics
20.綠色物流 environmental logistics
21.企業物流 internal logistics
22.社會物流 external logistics
23.軍事物流 military logistics
24.國際物流 international logistics
25.第三方物流 third-part logistics (TPL)
26.定製物流 customized logistics
27.虛擬物流 virtual logistics
28.增值物流服務 value-added logistics service
29.供應鏈 supply chain
30.條碼 bar code
31.電子數據交換 electronic data interchange (EDI)
32.有形消耗 tangible loss
33.無形消耗 intangible loss 獎罰
物流作業術語
1.運輸 transportation
2.聯合運輸 combined transport
3.直達運輸 through transport
4.中轉運輸 transfer transport
5.甩掛運輸 _drop and pull transport
6.集裝運輸 containerized transport
7.集裝箱運輸 container transport
8.門到門 door-to-door
9.整箱貨 full container load (FCL)
10.拼箱貨 less than container load (LCL)
11.儲存 storing
12.保管 storage
13.物品儲存 article reserves
14.庫存 inventory
15.經常庫存 cycle stock
16.安全庫存 safety stick
17.庫存周期 inventory cycle time
18.前置期(或提前期) lead time
19.訂貨處理周期 order cycle time
20.貨垛 goods stack
21.堆碼 stacking
22.搬運 handing/carrying
23.裝卸 loading and unloading
24.單元裝卸 unit loading and unloading
25.包裝 package/packaging
26.銷售包裝 sales package
27.定牌包裝 packing of nominated brand
28.中性包裝 neutral packing
29.運輸包裝 transport package
30.托盤包裝 palletizing
31.集裝化 containerization
32.散裝化 containerization
33.直接換裝 cross docking
34.配送 distribution
35.共同配送 joint distribution
36.配送中心 distribution center
37.分揀 sorting
38.揀選 order picking
39.集貨 goods collection
40.組配 assembly
41.流通加工 distribution processing
42.冷鏈 cold chain
43.檢驗 inspection 獎罰
物流技術裝備及設施術語
1.倉庫 warehouse
2.庫房 storehouse
3.自動化倉庫 automatic warehouse
4.4立體倉庫 stereoscopic warehouse
5.虛擬倉庫 virtual warehouse
6.保稅倉庫 boned warehouse
7.出口監管倉庫 export supervised warehouse
8.海關監管貨物 cargo under customer』s supervision
9.冷藏區 chill space
10.冷凍區 freeze space
11.控濕儲存區 humidity controlled space
12.溫度可控區 temperature controlled space
13.收貨區 receiving space
14.發貨區 shipping space
15.料棚 goods shed 16.貨場 goods yard
17.貨架 goods shelf
18.托盤 pallet
19.叉車 fork lift truck
20.輸送機 conveyor
21.自動導引車 automatic guided vehicle (AGV)
22.箱式車 box car
23.集裝箱 container
24.換算箱 twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)
25.特種貨物集裝箱 specific cargo container
26.全集裝箱船 full container ship
27.鐵路集裝箱場 railway container yard
28.公路集裝箱中轉站 inland container depot
29.集裝箱貨運站 container freight station (CFS)
30.集裝箱碼頭 container terminal
31.國際鐵路聯運 international through railway transport
32.國際多式聯運 international multimodal transport
33.大陸橋運輸 land bridge transport
34.班輪運輸 liner transport
35.租船運輸 shipping by chartering
36.船務代理 shipping agency
37.國際貨運代理 international freight forwarding agent
38.理貨 tally
39.國際貨物運輸保險 international transportation cargo insurance
40.報關 customs declaration
41.報關行 customs broker
42.進出口商品檢驗 commodity inspection 獎罰
物流管理術語
1.物流戰略 logistics strategy
2.物流戰略管理 logistics strategy management
3.倉庫管理 warehouse management
4.倉庫布局 warehouse layout
5.庫存控制 inventory control
6.經濟訂貨批量 economic order quantity (EOQ)
7.定量訂貨方式 fixed-quantity system (FQS)
8.定期訂貨方式 fixed-quantity system (FIS)
9.ABC分類管理 ABC classification
基本概念術語
1.物品 article
2.物流 logistics
3.物流活動 logistics activity
4.物流作業 logistics operation
5.物流模數 logistics molus
6.物流技術 logistics technology
7.物流成本 logistics cost
8.物流管理 logistics management
9.物流中心 logistics center
10.物流網路 logistics network
11.物流信息 logistics information
12.物流企業 logistics enterprise
13.物流單證 logistics documents
14.物流聯盟 logistics alliance
15.供應物流 supply logistics
16.生產物流 proction logistics
17.銷售物流 distribution logistics
18.回收物流 returned logistics
19.廢棄物物流 waste material logistics
20.綠色物流 environmental logistics
21.企業物流 internal logistics
22.社會物流 external logistics
23.軍事物流 military logistics
24.國際物流 international logistics
25.第三方物流 third-part logistics (TPL)
26.定製物流 customized logistics
27.虛擬物流 virtual logistics
28.增值物流服務 value-added logistics service
29.供應鏈 supply chain
30.條碼 bar code
31.電子數據交換 electronic data interchange (EDI)
32.有形消耗 tangible loss
33.無形消耗 intangible loss 獎罰
H. 商務電話英語和物流英語,一些常用語句或單詞片語
常用商務電話英語:
請問你找誰? Who would you like to speak to?
請問你找誰? May I help you?
他不在辦公室 He is not in the office!
他今天休息,不上班 = He is off today, so he won't be in the office.
你可以打他的手機 = You can call him by his cellphone.
現在是午休時間,他不在辦公室 = It is lunch break at the moment, he is not in the office.
他1點半上班,到時再打他電話。= He will be back at one-thirty, please call back later.
他出去了,一小時後回來。 = He is out, he will be back in an hour.
我不太會說英語,很抱歉。 = I don't speak much English, I'm sorry.
他還未到,5分鍾後可以找到他。 = He is not here yet, but he will be back in five minutes.
他正過來,請稍等 = He is coming, please wait.
物流英語常用50句:
1.Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world.
現代物流是世界上最富挑戰性和最激動人心的工作。
2.Logistics is part of a supply chain.
物流是供應鏈的整體組成部分。
3.Logistics is anything but a newborn baby.
物流不是新鮮事。
4.Logistics is a unique global 「pipeline」.
物流是獨特的全球通道。
5.Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information.
物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流動。
6.Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc.
物流操作和管理包括包裝、倉儲、物料搬運、庫存控制、運輸、預測、戰略計劃和客戶服務等方面。
7.Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information.
物流由倉儲、運輸、裝卸、搬運、包裝、加工、配送和物流信息所組成。
8.Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, proction logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics.
物流可以分成供應物流、生產物流、銷售物流、回收物流和廢棄物物流。
9.Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in instrial proction..
物流是當今工業生產增加利潤的最後領域。
10.Logistics is unique, and it never stops!
物流是獨特的,它從不停止。
11.Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year.
物流運作一天24小時、一周7天、一年52星期在全球發生。
12.Logistics is concerned with getting procts and services where they are needed and when they are desired.
物流所涉及的是在需要的時候和在需要的地方去的產品和服務的活動。
13.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
物流是計劃實施和控制商品的快速、高效流動和儲存,以及從源頭到消費的服務和信息的全過程,以滿足客戶的需求。
14.Logistics is a hot topic in China。
中國掀起了物流熱。
15.The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost.
物流的總目標是以最低的總成本實現客戶服務的目標水平。
16.It is important that persons involved in day-to-day logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics.
重要的是,從事日常物流工作的人員應對物流有個基本的了解。
17.Logistics must be managed as a core competency.
物流必須作為一個核心能力來管理。
18.Logistics competency directly depends on a firm』s strategic positioning.
物流能力是有一家公司的戰略定位直接決定的。
19.Logistics service is a balance of service priority and cost.
物流服務是服務優先與成本間的平衡。
20.A lot of books on logistics, either in Chinese or in English, were published in 2002.
2002年出版了大量的中、英文物流書籍。
21.There is great room for logistics development in China.
在中國,物流發展有巨大的空間。
22.I wish to make logistics my lifetime career.
我願把物流作為我的終生事業。
23.ABC classification is quite useful in inventory control.
ABC分類管理在庫存控制方面十分有用。
24.The JIT proction system was developed by the Toyota Motor Company about 50 years ago.
准時制生產是大約50年前由豐田汽車公司開發出來。
25.Just-in-time (JIT) techniques are sometimes referred to as just-in-time proction,just-in-time purchasing and just-in-time delivery.
准時制技術有時稱為准時制生產、准時制采購和准時制交付。
26.The key to JIT operations is that the demand for components and materials depends on the finalized proction schele.
准時製作業的關鍵是對配件和物料的需求根據最終生產進度來決定。
27.There are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport, truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport.
基本運輸方式有五種,他們是水陸運輸、鐵路運輸、汽車運輸、航空運輸和管道運輸。
28.Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems.
運輸是物流系統設計和管理中至關重要的組成部分。
29.If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost.
如果過量庫存,不僅會造成倉庫費用而且在很多方面會產生費用,如資產成本和它所產生的利息,以及稅收、保險和商品變成陳舊物的成本。
30.Packing can be divided into instrial packaging and consumer packaging.
包裝可以分成工業包裝和消費包裝兩種。
31.Packaging about protect the goods against damages ring handling, storing and transportation.
包裝應能保護貨物在搬運、儲存和運輸過程中免受損壞。
32.Due to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged.
由於包裝不善,貨物嚴重受損。
33.Things like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to rece proction cost so that natural resources are saved.
塑料、鋼鐵和玻璃這樣的物品能回收利用以降低生產成本、節約自然資源。
34.Both buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the rection in the number of suppliers.
買賣雙方都能從減少供應商的數量上獲取許多利益。
35.Just-in-time strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for proction.
准時制戰略確保在降低庫存水平的同時能得到生產所需的物料。
36.The goal of just-in-time purchasing is zero inventory.
准時制采購的目標是零庫存。
37.Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain.
信息對供應鏈的運作是至關重要的。
38.Setting inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.
制定庫存水平需要下遊客戶需求信息、上游供應鏈可供信息和當前的庫存水平信息。
39.The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s.
供應鏈管理的理念最初在20世紀80年代提出。
40.Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, material flow and cash flow with a view to strengthening competitiveness.
供應鏈管理就是對信息流、物料流和資金流進行設計、計劃和控制以增強競爭力。
(或:供應鏈管理是指為增強競爭力而對信息流、物料流和資金流進行的設計、策劃和控制)
41.Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service.
海洋運輸是國際物流服務的重要環節。
42.There are two types of shipping markets: the liner market and the tramp market.
航運市場分為兩類:班輪運輸和不定期船運輸。
43.A Container Load Plan is of five copies, each of which is to be given respectively to the terminal, the carrier, the shipping agent, the shipper and the party that stuffs the container.
集裝箱裝箱單一式五份,分別交給集裝箱碼頭、承運人、船務代理、托運人和裝箱人。
44.After the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is handed to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board according to the stowage plan.
貨物裝箱後,就拖運到集裝箱堆場並根據積載圖裝上船。
45.A container terminal connects sea and land, transferring containers to and from ships. It is capable of handling containers more quickly, economically, accurately and in greater volumes than conventional ports.
集裝箱碼頭連接陸運和海運,經船上裝運集裝箱。在裝卸搬運上,集裝箱碼頭比普通雜貨碼頭更快、更經濟、更准確、吞吐量更大。
46.Information is a key to the success of logistics.
信息是物流成功的關鍵。
47.Warehousing is not a new business, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics.
倉儲不是新的行業,但他在現代物流中有了新的功能。
48.Inventory control can effectively rece logistics cost.
庫存控制能有效地降低物流成本。
49.Packing and sorting are two activities in logistics.
包裝和分揀是物流中的兩項活動。
50.A supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers and so on that supply each other with raw materials, components, procts and service.
供應鏈的定義是一個互相提供原材料、配件、產成品和服務的由工廠、供應商、零售商等組成的網路