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科學調查表明，一顆鈕扣電池棄入大自然後，可以污染60萬升水，相當於一個人一生的用水量。而中國每年要消耗這樣的電池70億只……
目前我國電池生產企業有1400多家，1999年產量已達到150億節。我國約有3．66億個家庭每年大約需要電池近44億節。而且多數在國內消耗。與世界不少國家相比，我國廢電池回收率極低。據了解，我國生產的電池有96％為鋅錳電池和鹼錳電池，其主要成分為錳、汞、鋅、鉻等重金屬。廢電池無論埋在大氣中還是深埋在地下，其重金屬成分都會隨滲液溢出，造成地下水和土壤的污染，日積月累，會嚴重危害人類健康。
1、 廢舊電池污染環境的途徑
這些電池的組成物質在使用過程中，被封存在電池殼內部，並不會對環境造成影響。但經過長期機械磨損和腐蝕，使得內部的重金屬和酸鹼等泄露出來，進入土壤或水源，就會通過各種途進入人的食物鏈。全過程簡述如下：電池進入土壤或水源——微生物——動物——循環粉塵——農作物——食物——人體——神經——沉積並發病。
其它水源植物食品消化生物從環境中攝取的重金屬可以經過食物鏈的生物放大作用，逐級在較高級的生物中成千上萬地富積，然後經過食物進入人的身體，在某些器官中積蓄造成慢性中毒。日本的水俁病就是汞中毒的典型案例。
2、 廢舊電池對人的危害性
1998年《國家危險廢物名錄》上定出汞、鎘、鋅、鉛、鉻危險廢棄物：
汞：汞即水銀，是一種液體金屬。比重13.6，熔點-39.3攝氏度、沸點357攝氏度。汞在常溫下即可蒸發，其蒸氣無色無味，比空氣重七倍。汞及其化合物毒性都很大，特別是汞的有機化合物毒性更大。魚在含汞量0.01－0.02毫克/升的水中生活就會中毒；人若食用0.1克汞就會中毒致死。汞及其化合物可通過呼吸道、皮膚或消化道等不同途徑侵入人體。當汞進入人體後，即集聚於肝、腎、大腦、心臟和骨髓等部位，造成神經性中毒和深部組織病變，引起疲倦，頭暈、顫抖、牙齦出血、禿發、手腳麻痹、神經衰弱等症狀，甚至會出現精神混亂，進而瘋狂痙攣致死。有機汞還能進入胎盤，使胎兒先天性汞中毒，或畸形，或痴呆。汞的毒性是積累性的，往往要幾年或十幾年才能反應出來。食物鏈對汞有相當大的富集能力。如淡水魚和浮游植物對汞的富集倍數為一千，淡水無脊椎動物為十萬，海洋植物為一百，海洋動物為二十萬。食用被汞污染的水產品，產生甲基汞中毒，關．頭暈，四肢末梢麻木，記憶力減退，神經錯亂，甚至死亡，還影響孕婦胎兒畸形。 家庭中常用的水銀體溫計，就很危險！
鉛：鉛的分子量是278，是一個重金屬元素，重金屬元素進入人體內會使體內的蛋白質發生變性，也就是使蛋白質正常功能受到損壞，從而使人體不能發揮正常的功能。食用含鉛食物，會影響酶及正常血紅素合成，影響神系統，鉛在骨骼及腎臟中積累，有潛在的長期影響。
3、 廢舊電池危害其它表現
一粒鈕扣電池可污染60萬升水，等於一個人一生飲水量。一節一號電池爛在地里，能使一平方米的土地失去利用價值。目前世界上生活垃圾處理主要是衛生填埋、再利用、堆肥和焚燒這四種方式，混入生活垃圾的廢舊電池在這四個過程中的污染作用體現如下：
填埋：廢舊電池的重金屬通過滲濾作用污染水體和土壤。
焚燒：廢舊電池在高溫下，腐蝕設備，某些得金屬在焚燒爐中揮發在飛灰中，造成大氣污染
堆肥：主要原料是生活垃圾，垃圾和舊電池堆肥後成為有機肥料，被農民施入大田土壤，重金屬被農作物吸收，進入我們的食物鏈。 回答者： 熱心網友 | 2010-5-23 12:42
一顆鈕扣電池棄入大自然後，可以污染60萬升水，相當於一個人一生的用水量。而中國每年要消耗這樣的電池70億只…… 電池中含有汞，汞：汞即水銀，是一種液體金屬。比重13.6，熔點-39.3℃、沸點357℃。汞在常溫下即可蒸發，其蒸氣無色無味，比空氣重七倍。汞及其化合物毒性都很大，特別是汞的有機化合物毒性更大。魚在含汞量0.01－0.02毫克/升的水中生活就會中毒；人若食用0.1克汞就會中毒致死。
電池中還有鎘：鎘是一種毒性很大的重金屬，其化合物也大都屬毒性物質。震驚世界的日本「痛痛痛」就是因鎘污染而致。……
廢電池是危害我們生存環境的一大殺手！一粒小小的鈕扣電池可污染600立方米水，相當於一個人一生的飲水量；一節一號電池爛在地里，能使一平方米的土地失去利用價值，並造成永久性公害。
在對自然環境威脅最大的幾種物質中，電池裡就包含了汞、鉛、鎘等多種，汞具有強烈的毒性，對人體中樞神經的破壞力很大，上世紀五十年代發生在日本的震驚中外的水俁病就是由於汞污染造成的；鉛能造成神經紊亂、腎炎等；鎘在人體內極易引起慢性中毒，主要病症是肺氣腫、骨質軟化、貧血，很可能使人體癱瘓；而鉛進入人體後最難排泄，它干擾腎功能、生殖功能。若把廢電池混入生活垃圾中一起填埋，久而久之，慘出的重金屬可能污染地下水和土壤，進而進入魚類、農作物中，破壞人類的生存環境，間接威脅到人類的健康。
電池在我們生活中的使用量正在迅速增加，已深入到我們生活和工作的每一個角落。我國是電池生產和消費大國，目前年產量達140億枚，佔世界產量1/3。如果以全國約3.6億個家庭，每戶每年用10枚計，消費量已是36億。若加上集團消費，每年"涌現"上百億枚廢舊電池當不在話下。這些電池若未得到妥善處理，將直接或間接地危害人們的身體健康。實施並倡導廢舊電池分類收集活動為越來越多的人們所認識，並得到越來越多的重視、支持和參與。
從我做起，從身邊每一件小事做起，是我們的座右銘。關愛身邊環境、參與廢舊電池的分類回收利用是我們每一個人的責任和義務。個人的行為也許微不足道，但把我們每個人的力量聯合起來，便足以托起一種文明，一種與自然共生的文明，一種可持續發展的文明
廢舊電池的危害主要集中在其中所含的少量的重金屬上，如鉛、汞、鎘等。這些有毒物質通過各種途徑進入人體內，長期積蓄難以排除，損害神經系統、造血功能和骨骼，甚至可以致癌。鉛：神經系統(神經衰弱、手足麻木)、消化系統(消化不良、腹部絞痛)、血液中毒和其他的病變。汞：精神狀態改變是汞中毒的一大症狀。脈搏加快，肌肉顫動，口腔和消化系統病變。電池報廢後若處理不當，汞會慢慢溢出進入土壤水體，將通過農作物進入食物鏈，給人體健康造成很大威脅。一節一號電他就可使一平方米土地失去農用價值。而人們食用了被汞污染的水、食物後，就會發生汞中毒，輕則出現怕羞、孤獨、煩躁、抑鬱、自覺口中有金屬味等現象，重則出現手指、舌、眼、腦袋震顫等「汞毒性震顫」現象。鎘、錳：主要危害神經系統。
以下列舉幾種電池的危害性：
1 鈕扣電池 鈕扣電池含有汞，當其廢棄在自然界里，外層金屬銹蝕後，汞就會慢慢從電池中溢出來，進入土壤或在下雨之後進入地下水，再通過農作物進入人體，損傷人的內 臟。在微生物的作用下，無機汞可以轉變成甲基汞，聚積在魚類的身體里，人食用了這種魚後，甲基汞會進入人的大腦細胞，使人的神經系統受到嚴重破壞，重者會發瘋致死。日本水俁病就是甲基汞所致。
2 充電電池 充電電池一般都含有有害重金屬鎘，在自然界中滲出後，污染土地和水流，最終進入人體。鎘會使骨質疏鬆，並造成骨骼變形、骨痛，並引起肝和腎受損等等嚴重後果。
3 普通電池 普通干電池也含有汞，還含有鉛和酸鹼，對環境也很有害。因此，在發達國家，廢舊電池被列為危險有毒廢物，必須單獨投放和回收處理，絕不能隨便丟棄在自然界中。在德國，廢舊電池可以送到每個賣電池的商店，這一點是值得我們借鑒的。
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有關資料顯示，一節一號電池爛在地里，能使1平方米的土壤永久失去利用價值；一粒紐扣電池可使600噸水受到污染，相當於一個人一生的飲水量。若將廢舊電池（渾混）入生活垃圾一起填埋，或者隨手丟棄，滲出的汞及重金屬物質就會滲透於土壤、污染地下水，進而進入魚類、農作物中，破壞人類的生存環境。
廢電池的危害有多大
你知道廢電池的危害有多大嗎？你查過了嗎？如果沒查過，我告訴你：
據專家測定：一節鈕扣電池如不經過很好的處理。扔進河裡可以污染60萬升水，相當於人一生中的飲水量。一節一號電池扔在泥土裡能使一平方米的土地永遠失去利用價值。如果植物吸收了土裡的有害物質。人吃了已吸收有害物質的植物，就可能導致貧血等直接危害人體健康的病症。
一節一號電池如果已經失去了作用，可以送到回收部門。這樣可以再利用60%的電量。
你看，廢電池的危害有多大，從現在開始，從小事開始，讓我們一起行動吧！ 參考資料：http://..com/question/28749680.html 回答者： 905937825 | 一級 | 2010-5-24 20:47
廢舊電池的危害性
一粒紐扣電池可污染60萬升水，等於一個人一生的飲水量。一節電池爛在地里，能夠使一平方米的土地失去利用價值，所以把一節節的廢舊電池說成是「污染小炸彈」一點也不過分。
我們日常所用的普通干電池，主要有酸性鋅錳電池和鹼性鋅錳電池兩類，它們都含有汞、錳、鎘、鉛、鋅等各種金屬物質，廢舊電池被遺棄後，電池的外殼會慢慢腐蝕，其中的重金屬物質會逐漸滲入水體和土壤，造成污染。重金屬污染的最大特點是它在自然界是不能降解，只能通過凈化作用，將污染消除。
廢舊電池的危害主要集中在其中所含的少量的重金屬上
金屬種類危害的表現
錳
過量的錳蓄積於體內引起神經性功能障礙，早期表現為綜合性功能紊亂。較重者出現兩腿發沉，語言單調，表情呆板，感情冷漠，常伴有精神症狀。
鋅
鋅的鹽類能使蛋白質沉澱,對皮膜粘膜有刺激作用。當在水中濃度超過10-50毫史/升時有致癌危險，可能引起化學性肺炎。鉛：鉛主要作用於神經系統、活血系統、消化系統和肝、腎等器官能抑制血紅蛋白的合成代謝過程，還能直接作用於成熟紅細胞，對嬰幼兒影響甚大，它將導致兒童體格發育遲緩，慢性鉛中毒可導致兒童的智力低下。
鎳
鎳粉溶解於血液，參加體內循環，有較強的毒性，能損害中樞神經，引起血管變異，嚴重者導致癌症。
汞
它在這些重金屬污染物中是最值得一提的，這種重金屬，對人類的危害，確實不淺，長期以來，我國在生產干電池時，要加入一種有毒的物質——汞或汞的化合物，我國的鹼性干電池中的汞的含量達到1-5%,中性干電池為0.025%,全國每年用於生產干電池的汞具有明顯的神經毒性,此外對內分泌系統、免疫系統等也有不良影響，1953年，發生在日本九州島的震驚世界的水俁病事件，給人類敲響了汞污染的警鍾。
重金屬污染，威脅著人類的健康，人類如果忽視對重金屬污染的控制，最終將吞下自釀的苦果，因此，加強廢舊電池的回收就日顯重要了。 參考資料：我 回答者： 32889991230000 | 二級 | 2010-6-3 20:08
廢電池的危害：廢棄在自然界電池中的汞會慢慢從電池中溢出來，進入土壤或水源，再通過農作物進入人體，損傷人的腎臟。在微生物的作用下，無機汞可以轉化成甲基汞，聚集在魚類的身體里，人食用了這種魚後，甲基汞會進入人的大腦細胞，使人的神經系統受到嚴重破壞，重者會發瘋致死。著名的日本水俁病就是甲基汞所致。鎘滲出污染土地和水體，最終進入人體使人的肝和腎受損，也會引起骨質松軟，重者造成骨骼變形。汽車廢電池中含有酸和重金屬鉛泄漏到自然界可引起土壤和水源污染，最終對人造成危害。 回答者： 熱心網友 | 2010-6-5 08:50
廢電池的危害：廢棄在自然界電池中的汞會慢慢從電池中溢出來，進入土壤或水源，再通過農作物進入人體，損傷人的腎臟。在微生物的作用下，無機汞可以轉化成甲基汞，聚集在魚類的身體里，人食用了這種魚後，甲基汞會進入人的大腦細胞，使人的神經系統受到嚴重破壞，重者會發瘋致死。著名的日本水俁病就是甲基汞所致。鎘滲出污染土地和水體，最終進入人體使人的肝和腎受損，也會引起骨質松軟，重者造成骨骼變形。汽車廢電池中含有酸和重金屬鉛泄漏到自然界可引起土壤和水源污染，最終對人造成危害。
回收廢電池：家用電器的普及和種類的增加，使得電池的使用量隨之劇增。廢電池混在垃圾中，不僅污染環境，而且也是浪費。全國電池年消耗量為30億只，因無回收而丟失銅740噸、鋅1.6萬噸、錳粉9.7萬噸。我們應該把廢舊電池與其它垃圾分開，集中起來送去回收。許多國家都很重視廢電池的回收。德國的很多商店要求顧客在購買電池時，同時要把廢舊電池交回給商店；日本專有分類箱收集不同的廢電池 科學調查表明，一顆鈕扣電池棄入大自然後，可以污染60萬升水，相當於一個人一生的用水量。而中國每年要消耗這樣的電池70億只……
目前我國電池生產企業有1400多家，1999年產量已達到150億節。我國約有3．66億個家庭每年大約需要電池近44億節。而且多數在國內消耗。與世界不少國家相比，我國廢電池回收率極低。據了解，我國生產的電池有96％為鋅錳電池和鹼錳電池，其主要成分為錳、汞、鋅、鉻等重金屬。廢電池無論埋在大氣中還是深埋在地下，其重金屬成分都會隨滲液溢出，造成地下水和土壤的污染，日積月累，會嚴重危害人類健康。
1、 廢舊電池污染環境的途徑
這些電池的組成物質在使用過程中，被封存在電池殼內部，並不會對環境造成影響。但經過長期機械磨損和腐蝕，使得內部的重金屬和酸鹼等泄露出來，進入土壤或水源，就會通過各種途進入人的食物鏈。全過程簡述如下：電池進入土壤或水源——微生物——動物——循環粉塵——農作物——食物——人體——神經——沉積並發病。
其它水源植物食品消化生物從環境中攝取的重金屬可以經過食物鏈的生物放大作用，逐級在較高級的生物中成千上萬地富積，然後經過食物進入人的身體，在某些器官中積蓄造成慢性中毒。日本的水俁病就是汞中毒的典型案例。
2、 廢舊電池對人的危害性
1998年《國家危險廢物名錄》上定出汞、鎘、鋅、鉛、鉻危險廢棄物：
汞：汞即水銀，是一種液體金屬。比重13.6，熔點-39.3攝氏度、沸點357攝氏度。汞在常溫下即可蒸發，其蒸氣無色無味，比空氣重七倍。汞及其化合物毒性都很大，特別是汞的有機化合物毒性更大。魚在含汞量0.01－0.02毫克/升的水中生活就會中毒；人若食用0.1克汞就會中毒致死。汞及其化合物可通過呼吸道、皮膚或消化道等不同途徑侵入人體。當汞進入人體後，即集聚於肝、腎、大腦、心臟和骨髓等部位，造成神經性中毒和深部組織病變，引起疲倦，頭暈、顫抖、牙齦出血、禿發、手腳麻痹、神經衰弱等症狀，甚至會出現精神混亂，進而瘋狂痙攣致死。有機汞還能進入胎盤，使胎兒先天性汞中毒，或畸形，或痴呆。汞的毒性是積累性的，往往要幾年或十幾年才能反應出來。食物鏈對汞有相當大的富集能力。如淡水魚和浮游植物對汞的富集倍數為一千，淡水無脊椎動物為十萬，海洋植物為一百，海洋動物為二十萬。食用被汞污染的水產品，產生甲基汞中毒，關．頭暈，四肢末梢麻木，記憶力減退，神經錯亂，甚至死亡，還影響孕婦胎兒畸形。 家庭中常用的水銀體溫計，就很危險！
鉛：鉛的分子量是278，是一個重金屬元素，重金屬元素進入人體內會使體內的蛋白質發生變性，也就是使蛋白質正常功能受到損壞，從而使人體不能發揮正常的功能。食用含鉛食物，會影響酶及正常血紅素合成，影響神系統，鉛在骨骼及腎臟中積累，有潛在的長期影響。
3、 廢舊電池危害其它表現
一粒鈕扣電池可污染60萬升水，等於一個人一生飲水量。一節一號電池爛在地里，能使一平方米的土地失去利用價值。目前世界上生活垃圾處理主要是衛生填埋、再利用、堆肥和焚燒這四種方式，混入生活垃圾的廢舊電池在這四個過程中的污染作用體現如下：
填埋：廢舊電池的重金屬通過滲濾作用污染水體和土壤。
焚燒：廢舊電池在高溫下，腐蝕設備，某些得金屬在焚燒爐中揮發在飛灰中，造成大氣污染
堆肥：主要原料是生活垃圾，垃圾和舊電池堆肥後成為有機肥料，被農民施入大田土壤，重金屬被農作物吸收，進入我們的食物鏈。 回答者： piccjiangy | 一級 | 2010-6-5 10:38
廢電池的危害：廢棄在自然界電池中的汞會慢慢從電池中溢出來，進入土壤或水源，再通過農作物進入人體，損傷人的腎臟。在微生物的作用下，無機汞可以轉化成甲基汞，聚集在魚類的身體里，人食用了這種魚後，甲基汞會進入人的大腦細胞，使人的神經系統受到嚴重破壞，重者會發瘋致死。著名的日本水俁病就是甲基汞所致。鎘滲出污染土地和水體，最終進入人體使人的肝和腎受損，也會引起骨質松軟，重者造成骨骼變形。汽車廢電池中含有酸和重金屬鉛泄漏到自然界可引起土壤和水源污染，最終對人造成危害。
回收廢電池：家用電器的普及和種類的增加，使得電池的使用量隨之劇增。廢電池混在垃圾中，不僅污染環境，而且也是浪費。全國電池年消耗量為30億只，因無回收而丟失銅740噸、鋅1.6萬噸、錳粉9.7萬噸。我們應該把廢舊電池與其它垃圾分開，集中起來送去回收。許多國家都很重視廢電池的回收。德國的很多商店要求顧客在購買電池時，同時要把廢舊電池交回給商店；日本專有分類箱收集不同的廢電池 回答者： 熱心網友 | 2010-6-5 16:58
電池的危害：廢棄在自然界電池中的汞會慢慢從電池中溢出來，進入土壤或水源，再通過農作物進入人體，損傷人的腎臟。在微生物的作用下，無機汞可以轉化成甲基汞，聚集在魚類的身體里，人食用了這種魚後，甲基汞會進入人的大腦細胞，使人的神經系統受到嚴重破壞，重者會發瘋致死。著名的日本水俁病就是甲基汞所致。鎘滲出污染土地和水體，最終進入人體使人的肝和腎受損，也會引起骨質松軟，重者造成骨骼變形。汽車廢電池中含有酸和重金屬鉛泄漏到自然界可引起土壤和水源污染，最終對人造成危害。
回收廢電池：使得電池的使用量隨之劇增。廢電池混在垃圾中，不僅污染環境，而且也是浪費。全國電池年消耗量為30億只，因無回收而丟失銅740噸、鋅1.6萬噸、錳粉9.7萬噸。我們應該把廢舊電池與其它垃圾分開，集中起來送去回收。許多國家都很重視廢電池的回收。德國的很多商店要求顧客在購買電池時，同時要把廢舊電池交回給商店；日本專有分類箱收集不同的廢電池 回答者： t555666789 | 一級 | 2010-6-5 17:08
有的人認為，廢電池沒什麼大危害，隨便亂扔，其實，廢電池對環境的危害是非常大的。
科學調查表明，一顆鈕扣電池棄入大自然後，可以污染60萬升水，相當於一個人一生的用水量。而中國每年要消耗這樣的電池70億只……
這是多麼驚人得數字啊！！廢電池的其主要成分為錳、汞、鋅、鉻等重金屬。廢電池無論埋在大氣中還是深埋在地下，其重金屬成分都會隨滲液溢出，造成地下水和土壤的污染，日積月累，會嚴重危害人類健康。 回答者： 熱心網友 | 2010-6-6 14:43
危險非常大
有的人認為，廢電池沒什麼大危害，隨便亂扔，其實，廢電池對環境的危害是非常大的。
科學調查表明，一顆鈕扣電池棄入大自然後，可以污染60萬升水，相當於一個人一生的用水量。而中國每年要消耗這樣的電池70億只……
這是多麼驚人得數字啊！！廢電池的其主要成分為錳、汞、鋅、鉻等重金屬。廢電池無論埋在大氣中還是深埋在地下，其重金屬成分都會隨滲液溢出，造成地下水和土壤的污染，日積月累，會嚴重危害人類健康。
一、電池的組成：干電池、充電電池的組成成分：鋅皮(鐵皮)、碳棒、汞、硫酸化物、銅帽；蓄電池以鉛的化合物為主。舉例：1號廢舊鋅錳電池的組成，重量70克左右，其中碳棒5.2克，鋅皮7.0克，錳粉25克，銅帽0.5克，其他32克。
二、廢舊電池的危害性：廢舊電池的危害主要集中在其中所含的少量的重金屬上，如鉛、汞、鎘等。這些有毒物質通過各種途徑進入人體內，長期積蓄難以排除，損害神經系統、造血功能和骨骼，甚至可以致癌。鉛：神經系統(神經衰弱、手足麻木)、消化系統(消化不良、腹部絞痛)、血液中毒和其他的病變。汞：精神狀態改變是汞中毒的一大症狀。脈搏加快，肌肉顫動，口腔和消化系統病變。鎘、錳：主要危害神經系統。三、廢舊電池污染環境的途徑：這些電池的組成物質在使用過程中，被封存在電池殼內部，並不會對環境造成影響。但經過長期機械磨損和腐蝕，使得內部的重金屬和酸鹼等泄露出來，進入土壤或水源，就會通過各種途徑進入人的食物鏈。過程簡述如下：池土壤微生物動物循環粉塵農作物食物人體神經沉積發病
其他水源植物食品消化生物從環境中攝取的重金屬可以經過食物鏈的生物放大作用，逐級在較高級的生物中成千上萬地富積，然後經過食物進入人的身體，在某些器官中積蓄造成慢性中毒。日本的水(人加吳)病就是汞中毒的典型案例。四、廢舊電池危害的其它表現：目前世界上生活垃圾處理主要是衛生填埋、堆肥和焚燒三種方式，混入生活垃圾的廢舊電池在這三個過程中的污染作用體現在：填埋:廢舊電池的重金屬通過滲濾作用污染水體和土壤。焚燒：廢舊電池在高溫下，腐蝕設備，某些重金屬在焚燒爐中揮發在飛灰中，造成大氣污染；焚燒爐底重金屬堆積，給產生的灰渣造成污染。堆肥：廢舊電池的重金屬含量較高，造成堆肥的質量下降。再利用：一般採用反射爐火冶金法，工藝雖然容易掌握但是回收率只有82%，其餘的鉛以氣體和粉塵的形態出現，同時冶煉過程中的二氧化硫會進入空氣中，造成二次污染，直接危害操作工人的健康。所以不要扔廢電池！
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㈡ 關於討論英語四六級的英語論文
你好，已經發送給你5篇相關論文，請查收，希望對你有幫助！
以後還需要檢索論文的話可以再向我或者其他舉手之勞隊員提問哦，舉手之勞助人為樂！
——網路知道 舉手之勞團隊 隊長：曉斌11藍貓
㈢ 跪求英語四六級作文一篇
2011年6月四級考試作文真題高分版範文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 現在網上購物已成為一種時尚
2. 網上購物有很多好處，但也有不少問題
3. 我的建議
Online Shopping
Online shopping, as an act of buying procts and services over the Internet, is growing in popularity ever, which has been significantly shocking our lifestyles. Many indivials favor this kind of shopping because of its ease. But like any other newborn device, people may unconsciously expose themselves to the threat from it by incaution.
For those who work for lengthy hours, the internet offers them much convenience. First of all, they do not have time to visit the store ring regular trading hours, while online retailers allows orders twenty-four hours a day. As well, online shopping gives the customers the facility to compare prices and features of the procts thanks to the detailed proct description. In most occasions, the items are cheaper than online than in the conventional stores, making it an appeal to most people.
While there are numerous advantages of online shopping, there are also threats and fears regarding this way of shopping. Information security is the key concern. Online payment may not be so secure because of identity theft. Another problem of online shopping is encountering misleading and false proct information.
In my viewpoint, online shopping is a double-edged sword. Buying on reputed online stores is a good solution to ensure the pleasure and comfort of the internet shopping.
2010年英語六級 摘要：My Views on University Ranking University Ranking becomes a prevalent tendency especially when the senior high school students apply their ideal university. In order to attract the superior students,every university spares no effort to rank
My Views on University Ranking
University Ranking becomes a prevalent tendency especially when the senior high school students apply their ideal university. In order to attract the superior students,every university spares no effort to rank it to the top one.
Undoubtedly, university ranking will do harm not only to indivial but also to our society profoundly. On the one hand, university ranking can influence high school student』s judge. Perhaps some students just intend to enter the top rankin university ignoring their own interest. On the other hand, tending to become the top ranking university, some universities invest large amount of fund on the superficial facilities instead of supporting the academic researches.
University ranking ,from my perspective,is unnecessary. After all it is hard to determine the standard of university ranking. At the same time,wrong university ranking can mislead the correct determination of students.
㈣ 適合練習英語四六級的英文文章，閱讀材料之類的，有哪些啊急求
Chinadaily了，四六級模擬題了的都行，難度都差不多。最好還是做模擬題上的，或者歷年真題，題型，難度等更接近一點。
㈤ 急求英語作文一篇.(四六級水平)
英語作文 英語作文的基本要求：
首先，一個段落必須有一個中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來表達。整個段落必須緊扣這個主題（stick or hold to the topic），這就是段落的統一性（unity）。其次，一個段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。再者，一個段落不是雜亂無章的，而是有機的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個句子到另一個句子的過渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對這三個標准分別加以說明。
1、統一性
一個段落內的各個句子必須從屬於一個中心，任何游離於中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出現兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，這一段是講的是Joe and I ，中間出現一個Bella是不合適的。還有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner這一句更是與主題句不相關。再看一個例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有兩個irrelevant sentences，一個是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一個是My mother was a premature baby。
從上面兩個例子可以看出，native speakers同樣會造出來irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問題就更嚴重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說得那樣，一個段落的主題思想靠推展句來實現，如果只有主題句而沒有推展句來進一步交待和充實，就不能構成一個完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒有得到相對圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you proce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問題。什麼是「a mind in turmoil」（心境不平靜）Physical work又如何能改變這種情況？為什麼它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。因此，要達到完整就必須盡可能地簡明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表達的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗證。上述兩個推展句只是在文字上對主題作些解釋，整個段落內容空洞，簡而不明。如果用一兩個具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個方面，前者指的是內在的邏輯性，後者指的是使用轉換詞語。當然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒有意連，句子之間就沒有內在的有機的聯系；反之，只有意連而沒有形連，有時行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應遵循一定的次序，不能想到什麼就寫什麼。如果在下筆之前沒有構思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時間先後排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段從「rose」（起床）寫起，然後是吃早餐（「not to miss breakfast」, 「closing at nine o'clock」），然後是「close to noon」，一直寫到這一天結束（「By nine——」）。
B. 按位置遠近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的寫法是由遠及近，從遠處（「from a distance」）寫起，然後「get closer」，再到（「ten feet away」），最後是「inside the pagoda」……當然，按位置遠近來寫不等於都是由遠及近。根據需要，也可以由近及遠，由表及裡等等。
C. 按邏輯關系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性順序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
這一段談的是表達能力，它的重要性與職業，身份有關，從「not need much skill」或「of little importance」到「more important」，最後是「most important」。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
這一段談的是a writer's carelessness，先給出一個general statement作為主題句，然後通過5個 」perhaps」加以例證。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個問題：為什麼兩只貓會被搞混。然後對兩者進行比較，末句才下結論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當的轉換詞語及其他手段來實現。請讀下面這一段文字並找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, ring his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graate on schele. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語有兩種，一種是轉換詞語（transitional words or phrases），另一種是起轉換作用的其他連接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.後者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有詞彙105個，所使用的轉換詞語及其他連接用語共26個詞，約占該段總詞彙量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對於學生在半個小時內寫120個詞也是不無好處的。
一個段落里如果沒有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現一個起過渡作用的」it」之外，沒有使用其他的過渡詞語.這樣，文中出現許多重復的詞語，全段讀起來也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過渡詞語來修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個流暢連貫的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經常出現下面幾種錯誤：
1、不必要的改變時態，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改變單復數，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改變人稱，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時態，人稱以及數的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。
英語作文的書寫格式
英文書寫應符合書寫規范，英文字母要寫清楚、寫整齊、寫美觀，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要勻稱。書寫應做到字形秀麗漂亮，通篇勻稱和諧。
寫英文字母要掌握正確筆順。如字母i，應該先寫下面的部分，然後再打點。有的學生卻按寫漢字的習慣從上到下寫，寫快了，就會把點和下面的十筆連在量起，顯得十分別扭。字形t應為兩筆。不少人卻將兩筆合成一筆，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，難以辨認。另外，把r寫成v，把q寫成把g，把k寫成h等等，都是中學生書寫中常見的毛病。
不少人在四線三格的練習紙上書寫尚有規矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求書寫，但在白紙或橫線紙上書寫，卻顯得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律寫成同一高度，占上中兩格的字母與佔中下兩格的字母完全沒有高低之別。這些現象都要防止。
另外，書寫時還要注意詞與詞之間要保持一定的距離，不能緊靠在一起。字母之間的連寫也應該按照習慣，不能隨意亂來。
在一篇字數有限的作文里，我們還要注意盡量不把一個單詞拆開移行。萬一要移行，則必須以音節為單位進行，如revolution這個詞，依照音節移行的原則可以按re-，revo-, revolu-這幾種方法移行。在移行時，我們還應特別注意以下幾點:
1. 單音節詞不能移行，即使是字母較多的單音節詞，如through等也不能例外。
2．縮略詞如Mr.，Dr.等不能和後面的名字拆開移行。
縮略的專用名詞如U．K.，U．S．A等也不能拆開移行。
3．時間、量度及貨幣單位應視為一個整體；不能分開移行。如；
11：00P.M.應寫在一行內，不能將11：00和P．M．分開移行；寫38℃時，不能將38和℃分開移行。
4．由「年、月、日」表示的日期，如果必須分開移行只能將「月、日」與「年」分開。如January 6，1980不能將January和6分開移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成兩行。
5．含雙寫輔音字母的單詞，在移行時要將輔音字母拆開。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果雙寫輔音字母屬於詞根，後面又加了後綴，就不能將兩個輔音字母拆開。如drill加上-ing後構成了drilling，就不可以將它拆成成dril-ling，而只能拆為drilling。
例文：
1.寵物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it said to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.」
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn』t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊麗莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she graally comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy』s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二個女兒和最聰明和機智，伊麗莎白是自豪感和偏見的主演和其中一個在英國文學的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的質量是numerous—she是可愛的，聰明，並且，在對話定義的小說，她一樣精采地交談象任何人。 她的誠實、美德和活潑的機智使她在胡話之上起來，並且彌漫她的壞行為類跳起和經常惡意的社會。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和傾向經常做倉促評斷帶領她迷路; 自豪感和偏見本質上是故事她(和她真實的愛， Darcy)怎樣克服他們自己的個人failings—to發現浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊麗莎白必須不僅應付一個絕望的母親，一個遙遠的父親，二非常表現的更加年輕的兄弟姐妹，並且幾位勢利，對抗的女性，她必須也克服Darcy她自己的錯誤印象，最初帶領她拒絕他的求婚。 而她駕駛家族和社會動亂，她魅力是充足保持他感興趣，幸運地。 當她逐漸來認可Darcy』s字元的貴族，她體會她對他的最初的偏見錯誤。
㈥ 怎樣保護環境英語作文帶翻譯25字六級級
（1）
With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a car. As a result, our roads are more often than not crammed with cars. However, with more and more waste gas being discharged by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more serious. So nowadays we advocate to lead a low-carbon life.
My suggestion is we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars.By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our environment. Why not have a try, my dear friends?
與我們的生活水平的提高,越來越多的人都買得起汽車的.因此,道路往往沒有堆滿了汽車.然而,隨著越來越多的廢氣排放是汽車、空氣污染問題變得更加嚴重.所以現在我們提倡過低碳的生活.
我的建議是我們應該更經常騎自行車而不是開車騎一輛自行車,我們不僅能鍛煉身體,也能保護我們的環境.為什麼不試試,我親愛的朋友?
（2）
Now, our side of the car constant more up, the environment also increasingly worse! That the air around us there are many harmful substances. Therefore, we want to Sue around things start to do. For example, we can go to school by bike or walk, it can exercise. If you have time can use less elevator, many climb stairs. We can not only physical exercise, but also to protect our environment.
現在,我們身邊的汽車不斷的多了起來,環境也越來越糟糕!以至於我們周圍的空氣有很多有害物質.所以,我們要蘇身邊的小事做起.比如,我們可以騎自行車上學或者步行,這樣還可以鍛煉身體.有時間的話可以少用電梯,多爬樓梯.我們不僅能鍛煉身體,也能保護我們的環境.
（3）
文章文體：議論文. 文章要點：1.保護環境的重要性；2.學生在家庭中節約能源的具體做法和感想；3.今後的打算. 文章框架：文章應該是三部分兩段式.第一段（包括要點前兩部分）1.環保的重要性；2 接著是站在學生的角度談談家庭節約能源的具體方法,第二段寫第三要點,即談談今後打算. 重要句型短語：It is important to protect our environment, the energy in the world is limited. turn off the light and other appliance when you ,re not using them, we'd better not waste the energy, use public transportation, recycle the waste,I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like the energy from the wind and solar 等. 參考例文： With the development of our society, energy in the world becomes more and more limited, so it is quite important for us to save energy and to protect our environment. As a student, there are a lot of methods we can do to save energy at home. For example, first, we can turn off the light as well as other appliances when we are not using them. Second, recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse them. What's more, it is suggested to use public transportation more instead of private cars. Above all, everyone can make a great contribution to our environment. I hope I can learn more to develop new and clear energy, like energy from the wind and solar.
（4）
Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be honorable behavior and what is shameful. (最近我們班開了個班會討論什麼是光榮和恥辱.)It is really a pity to see all this in our school.(很遺憾在學校看到這些現象)Some students don』t respect their teachers or parents. (不尊敬老是和父母)Some don』t take their studies seriously and cheat in exams. (作業不認真,考試作弊)Some throw wastes everywhere and pollute the environment . (到處亂扔垃圾污染環境.)It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much about our class and study hard.(關心班級、努力學習、遵紀守法是光榮)It is shameful to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve success.(違反學校紀律、自私 驕傲是可恥的)We should respect others and think more of them than of ourselves.(我們應該尊敬別人經常關心別人)We should work hard and make much more progress to repay the society.(我們應該努力學習取得更大進步從而回報社會.)We should try our best to keep the environment clean.(我們應該想方設法保持干凈的環境.)
㈦ 求8篇英語四六級的作文範文，要求300字左右的
8. Travelling
It is exciting to visit different places. As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region. Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people. Today people are so fond of travelling that tourism has become one of the faster growing instries in most countries.
The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation. For another example, spending an annual holiday travelling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands. When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder.
Travelling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much ring your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well ecated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.