英語四級快速閱讀選項要求
fifteen minutes
㈡ 英語四級考試,快速閱讀部分,時間最好控制在多長
英語四級快速閱讀部分最好控制在10鍾。
英語四級考試快速閱讀技巧:
1、閱讀題目以預測文章內容
應該先讀題目,後看文章,同時根據題目設想一下文章可能涉及的內容,以及所使用的詞彙量的類型與范圍,乃至題目涉及到的關鍵性的詞彙。諸如,大寫字母,時間,數字等用詞,這些詞彙都是在閱讀文章查詢信息過程中重要的提示。
2、重視小標題在文中的綱要性作用
在篇幅相對比較短的閱讀理解考試當中可以直接用題目中的關鍵詞彙定位,但是面對長篇累牘的快速閱讀,考生首先應當留意文章中是否有小標題。如果有,一定要先讀小標題,因為小標題的作用如同字典前面的目錄,可以幫助考生宏觀的把握文章框架,迅速尋找到有效信息的范圍。
(2)英語四級快速閱讀選項要求擴展閱讀:
大學英語考試根據理工科本科和文理科本科用的兩個《大學英語教學大綱》,由教育部(原國家教育委員會)高等教育司組織的全國統一的單科性標准化教學考試,分大學英語四級考試(CET-4)和大學英語六級考試(CET-6)兩種。
每年考試過後8月份或9月份公布成績並頒發成績單,根據教育部規定四六級考試不設置及格線,四級425分(含425分)以上可以報考六級,所以大家普遍認為四六級的合格線為425分。英語四六級的分數是排位分,沒有總分。報名時間CET全國英語四六級考試的考試時間為:每年6月份、12月份(每年時間略有不同)。
㈢ 大學四級英語考試,快速閱讀要看題目ABCD選項嗎
先看題目,然後在文中有針對的找答案
㈣ 在英語四級中,怎麼做那個快速閱讀,就是要選對應段落的那道題
英語四級快速閱讀題有一定的答題技巧,可以在平時的做題訓練中鍛煉一下。以下是一些技巧的總結:
1.閱讀題目以預測文章內容
應該先讀題目,後看文章,同時根據題目設想一下文章可能涉及的內容,以及所使用的詞彙量的類型與范圍,乃至題目涉及到的關鍵性的詞彙。諸如,大寫字母,時間,數字等用詞,這些詞彙都是在閱讀文章查詢信息過程中重要的提示。
2.重視小標題在文中的綱要性作用
在篇幅相對比較短的閱讀理解考試當中可以直接用題目中的關鍵詞彙定位,但是面對長篇累牘的快速閱讀,考生首先應當留意文章中是否有小標題。如果有,一定要先讀小標題,因為小標題的作用如同字典前面的目錄,可以幫助考生宏觀的把握文章框架,迅速尋找到有效信息的范圍。
3. 注意標點符號的使用
可以運用標點符號(破折號、小括弧、冒號)了解抽象的和不認識的詞彙或句子的含義。因為這些標點符號的出現就是為了更進一步地解釋其前面的信息。但同時,由於快速閱讀用詞相對比較簡單,很容易理解和把握標點前的被解釋信息,所以,可以將這些標點符號後面的信息刪除,從而更加快速地把握文章主旨,提高閱讀速度及效率。
4. 注意邏輯關系的運用
邏輯關系分布在文章的句子內部、句與句之間、以及段落之間,最基本的邏輯關系有以下幾種:
(1) 因果關系:as a result, therefore, hence, consequently, because, for, e to, hence, 等等。
(2) 並列、遞進關系:and, or, then, what』s more, in addition, besides, in other words, moreover等等。
(3) 轉折關系:however, nevertheless, while, whereas, but, yet, in fact等等。
在處理文章的時候,有一條清晰的思路,不是為了完整翻譯文章而進行閱讀,而是為了獲取主旨、獲取某些信息而進行閱讀,所以,要利用邏輯關系簡化閱讀。
5. 特殊信息點在快速閱讀中的運用
所謂「特殊信息點」是指那些很容易在文章中識別的詞彙,諸如,時間,數字,人名,地名,大寫字母,斜體,黑體等形式的語言點。這些形式的表達,一方面很容易識別出來;另一方面,這些信息點所表現的一般都是文章的瑣碎信息,對於主旨的理解和把握而言,不過是更進一步論證而已。因此,可以忽略這些信息的閱讀。如果後面測試的題目中確實涉及到了,再回來細讀也無妨,畢竟它們的表現形式非常利於查找和定位判斷。
㈤ 新英語四級的快速閱讀怎麼做
(一)存在問題
第一,讀不懂
所謂讀不懂,就是考生拿過文章,滿頭霧水,即使硬著頭皮讀文章,也是一知半解。然後匆忙做體,僅憑感覺去蒙,因此做體准確率必然不高。
第二,讀不快
讀不快表現為,文章讀完了,題也做完了,但往往是比考試要求多用15乃至20多分鍾的時間。於是影響了其他問題的有效解答。匆忙起筆,必然影響整個四級的考試成績。
第三,做不對
就是雖然文章也讀懂了,但是一做題就錯。
(二)解決辦法
第一、掌握正確的閱讀方法
考生平時閱讀一般會採取良種閱讀方法。一種是先看文章後看問題;另一種是先看問題,帶著問題讀文章。那麼究竟哪一種方法比較好呢?筆者認為還是先看問題後讀文章比較好。原因在於,先看問題,你可以熟悉出題人的出題角度。並且有題干,你可以劃出題乾的關鍵詞,特別是四級考試中有一類題目屬於「指代題或詞彙題」,如下所示:
(一)詞彙題
顯著問法:the word 「XXXX」(line X, part X) most probably means?
(二)指代題
顯著問法:
1.代詞指代:the pronoun「it/those/that/them」 (line X, part X) refers to ?
2.名詞指代:the word 「XXXX」(line X, part X) refers to ?
先看問題後刊文章的好處就在於,可以通過問題先把上述「核心詞」在原文中劃出,然後再讀文章的過程中,一旦獨到,注意歷史高度集中的,這樣有助於提高做題的准確性。由此得出正確的閱讀方法就是「五步閱讀法」:
第一步,掃描題干抓關鍵。
即首先看選項,劃出題干中的的關鍵詞。題干關鍵詞包括:數字、人名地名、專有名詞、引號里的詞語等等。
第二步,快速瀏覽全文,把握文章主旨大意標重點。
即快速瀏覽文章。在快速瀏覽文章的時候,不需要每一個單詞和句子都讀得懂,沒有時間也沒有這個必要。在第二步的過程中,考生們所要做的就是首先弄清楚這篇文章的中心思想是什麼;其次,用筆在試卷上面標記出考試要考的重點。那麼很多考生就會問,如何把握文章的主旨大意,如何標記文章的重點呢?`真題網pass-e.com`
解答如下:
首先,把握文章的主旨大意。
要解決這個問題,需要分兩步走。第一步,仔細閱讀文章的首末段的首末句。因為英語文章段落結構上面我已經講過。此外,西方人說話向來喜歡開門見山。所以英語文章段落70%都是一上來交待作者的寫作目的或意圖。第二步,要仔細閱讀其他個段落的首句。然後把這兩步綜合起來,英語文章的主旨大意就可以把握住。
其次,如何標注文章的重點。
英語文章的重點主要有以下幾點:
1.強轉折:通常由「but, yet, however」引導。因為轉折的作用一般來說是對前面的否定,對後面的肯定,因此轉折詞後面引導的成分往往是出題人容易出題的地方。特別是在文章中出現but。
2.比較處:通常形式為「more/less---than---」。比較的作用在於通過比較突出某一點。比如more A than B的結構中,很顯然是強調A,那麼考生直接在A處劃線,重點關注A就可以了。以此類推,less A than B,很顯然是強調B,那麼就直接在B處化線。它們是出題人喜歡出題的地方。
3.主旨句、主題句。這兩個概念在上面寫作部分我已經講過。因為他們是高度概括性的句子,直接反映出作者的寫作目的和意圖,因此也是出題人的出題點。
另外還有因果句、特殊以文具、獨立成段句、長難句乃至特殊標點符號等,都是需要考生在第一遍閱讀時候,要劃出的重點。
第三步,定位原文解剖句子。
就是在讀完一遍文章的基礎上,再看一遍問題。帶著題干中的關鍵詞迅速回原文定位,即找出這個問題出現在原文的第幾段第幾行。需要注意的一點,四級出題順序由於是高度一致,所以一定要在文章當中找到出處。許多考生由於找不到出處,只能是憑第一遍的印象去猜答案,很顯然做題准確性一定不高。
第四步,比較選項定答案。
在讀懂文章句子的基礎上,然後再次回到問題上來。看一下ABCD四個選項哪一個於原文中的意思是相對應的。當然在這個比較篩選過程中,很多同學往往會排除一到兩個選項,剩下的兩個選項就處於猶豫階段,自己很難取捨。這在下面的如何提高做題准確率中講到。
第五步,主旨態度最後做。
所謂主旨態度最後做就是,如果在五個問題中,第一個問題就問你,文章的中心思想、作者的寫作意圖或者做這些這篇文章的態度是什麼。這時候考生可以先放過去。因為考生閱讀第一遍文章的時候,只是掌握住文章粗枝大葉,這時候對文章還沒有形成一個比較全面地了解。因此可以先放過去先做其他四個問題,待做完其他四個問題的時候再去作主旨題或是態度題,這樣准確率就比較高一些。千萬不要小看這一變化。這類題目作對的正確與否有可能直接決定著其他四個選項的正確率。
按照上述五步閱讀法,我們來舉例說明:
①Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保護區)(ANWR)to help secure America』s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR』s oil would help ease California』s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country』s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth. With the last government survey, concted in 1998, protecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
②The oil instry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之材) in tax revenues, royalties(開采權使用費) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. 「We』ve never had a document case of oilrig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.」 says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
④Not so far, say environmentalists. ③Sticking to the low end of government estimate, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America』s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. ⑤As for ANWR』s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State』s electricity output and just 30% of the nation』s.
1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A. It will exhaust the nation』s oil reserves. B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C. It will help rece the nation』s oil imports.
D. It will increase America』s energy consumption.
2. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil instry
A. believe that drilling for oil in ANWR will proce high yields.
B. Tends to exaggerate America』s reliance on foreign oil.
C. Shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR.
D. Expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia.
3. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that
A. It can cause serious damage to the environment.
B. It can do little to solve U.S. energy problems.
C. It will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region.
D. It will not much commercial value.
4. What do the environmentalists mean by saying 「Not so fast」 (Line .1, Para.3 )
A. Oil exploitation takes a long time. B. The oil drilling should be delayed.
C. Don』t be too optimistic. D. Don』t expect fast returns.
5. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR』s frozen earth
A. remains a controversial issue. B. Is expected to get under way soon.
C. Involves a lot of technological problems. D. Will enable the U.S. to be oil independent.
首先第一步掃描題干抓關鍵,劃出題干關鍵詞。黑體下劃線部分。
第二步,快速瀏覽全文,把握文章主旨大意標重點。黑體下劃線部分為重點。
第三步,定位原文解剖句子。數字元標記處。你會發現和你讀文章時化出的重點是高度吻合的。
第四步,比較選項定答案。黑體劃線部分
第二、克服不良閱讀習慣
之所以讀不快是應為很多考生存在一些不良的閱讀習慣。比如說:
1.把英語譯成漢語。大部分考生閱讀速度比較慢,主要是存在這個問題。我們說閱讀是精讀加泛讀的過程。其實一篇閱讀理解真正精讀的只有五句話,其他的成分一般需要泛讀或者略讀。所謂精度就是每一個詞每一個句子都力求讀懂;而所謂的泛讀就是指理清關系大意即可,至於難句難詞一是導致理解障礙可以忽略不計。很多考生由於沒有掌握住這個方法,所以把整篇文章個通讀一遍並翻譯了一遍。所以他們最終作的是一個翻譯工作,時間自然就消耗很多。
2.遇到難詞就停下來,或者查字典或是絞盡腦汁猜測其具體的含義。英語閱讀理解當中,沒有必要把每一個單詞都讀懂。我們關鍵是能否在讀完文章之後,把與問題相關的幾個句子找出來。因此,遇到生詞,我們可以嘗試猜詞。一旦猜不出,不要做過多停留,先跳過即可。不要影響正常閱讀速度。
3.默讀。要改掉這個習慣比較難。
究其原因就是在於考生對單詞的熟練度不夠。由於大量的單詞不認識,必然造成閱讀理解上的障礙。所以我們平時要加強單詞的記憶,另外進行相關的快速閱讀的強化訓練。相信通過以上訓練,會逐漸克服這一毛病。
除此之外,考生還存在以下兩個問題:
一是不會按照「意群」來閱讀。所謂「意群」,說得通俗一點就是「意思的群體」,它可以向讀者傳達一組信息。比如,介詞短語、不定式、長主語等都可以視為一個意群。因此,我們在閱讀理解的過程中,一旦遇到上述地方(介詞短語、不定式、長主語等),需要停頓一下。有效的斷開句子,分清意群,不僅可以提高閱讀速度,更便於讀者對文章的理解。二是,在閱讀過程中,文章的有些內容是不需要讀的。比如說:
1.人名地名後的修飾成分;
2.插入語(其用法在上面已提到);
3.定語從句等修飾主語的成分
例如:
Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.(黑體劃線處就是可以略讀的或是根本不需要讀)
第三、學會排除干擾選項
四級干擾選項明顯的特點有以下幾點:
一是文章選項無。所謂文章選項無就是給出的選項,文章中作者根本沒有提到。
二是答案本身錯。所謂答案本身措就是給出的選項本身就是錯誤的。
三是張冠李戴。所謂張冠李戴是最能幹擾考生的。就是明明是說A的偏偏要說B。考生由於讀文章不仔細,乍一看選項是自己所熟悉的,並且是文章中出現過的。於是便毫不猶豫地選了它,殊不知是錯誤的。舉例:
①Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保護區)(ANWR)to help secure America』s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR』s oil would help ease California』s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country』s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth. With the last government survey, concted in 1998, protecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
1. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A. It will exhaust the nation』s oil reserves.
B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C. It will help rece the nation』s oil imports.
D. It will increase America』s energy consumption.
對於這個問題,課堂上很多同學選擇了答案B。原因是他們根據文中第一段第一句話(黑體劃線處)毫不猶豫選擇B。殊不知原文第一句話,特別是陰影標記出說的是「緩解美國未來危機」。而答案B說的是緩解ANWR未來的能源危機。屬於張冠李戴。這類選項是應該引起考生高度注意和重視的。答案A屬於答案本身錯(意思是:那將耗盡美國的石油儲量),而答案D屬於文章選項無(意思是:它將增加美國能源消耗)。
第四、如何做好快速閱讀理解
快速閱讀理解要求考生在15分鍾的時間里,閱讀一篇長文章(多達9段),然後回答是個問題。要求前七個回答「對」、「錯」、「原文根本沒有出現」,後三個問題屬於補全句子。對於快速閱讀,具體方法是:
第一是先看選向後看文章,即帶著問題到文章中尋找答案。在有效地的時間里,一個題目是1.5分鍾,考生沒有充足的時間去讀懂文章。這就要求考生必須帶著問體迴文章找答案。
第二是按順序做題,找文章信息點。快速閱讀由於篇幅較長,所以出題人一般不會打亂出題順序。因此,考生應該嚴格按照出題順序來做題。一般第一題到文章前面找答案,最後一題到文章後半部分找答案。特別應該指出的是,對於8、9、10這三個題目,這三個題我在以前的文章中也提過(見《新四級考試戰略問題》一文),考生不妨先做第八題和第十題,剩下第九題的出處就在第八和第十題答案出處之間,猶如一個三明治。
第三是對於文章中的重點要做標記,重點有如下幾點:
1.強轉折;2.大小標題;3.注意文章首末句等。
㈥ 英語四級快速閱讀一個選項多少分還有兩個不是快速讀一個選項多少分、
快速閱讀:選擇是一個1分,填空是一個空1分
閱讀理解:選擇一個2分
㈦ 英語四級新題型中的Section B快速閱讀答題技巧是什麼呀是直接看選項在原文中找還是先快速瀏覽
英語四級新題型中的Section B快速閱讀答題技巧是:1.閱讀題目以預測文章內容;2.重視小標題版在文中的綱要性作權用;3. 注意標點符號的使用;4. 注意邏輯關系的運用;5. 特殊信息點在快速閱讀中的運用。免費試聽課地址:【https://www.acadsoc.com】點擊即可領取專屬歐美外教一對一免費試聽課!
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㈧ 對於英語四級的快速閱讀,要怎麼做,
快速閱讀那種題目,根本不需要專項訓練,其技巧是先看題目後看文章,因為其版題目大概權按照文章順序來編排,所以你只要看一道題目,按順序地看一下文章找到答案即可。我做快閱的時候先看文章,後看題目只能勉強做完7道題,反之可以做完,還剩下2,3分鍾。
如果你要做題目的話,可以拿比四級要簡單的閱讀理解來練手,試著先看題目後看文章,爭取10分鍾做完兩篇,達到這個水平,方法正確即可。
㈨ 英語四級考試的快速閱讀是什麼。
快速閱讀,顧名思義,測試考生單位時間當中的閱讀量,其實四級對速度的考查是近幾年一直延續的一種結果。同時,在解答題目方面,快速閱讀並不強調一定要像精讀文章那樣通篇認真研究。
相反,快速閱讀題目更強調測試考生在實踐語言環境中查詢有效信息的能力,這也反映出四六級考試試圖提升考生實際應用能力的改革方向。
測試形式:
快速閱讀要求考生在15分鍾內完成一篇1100字左右的文章和後面的10道題。前面7個題是判斷正誤(包括NG),後3個是填空題填根據閱讀的理解,填三到四個單詞(答案基本都是原文中出現的原詞)。 快速閱讀的文章一般分為小標題+題目和無小標題+題目兩種類型。
該題型需要通過略讀和尋讀法,乃至文章邏輯關系、標點符號等方面的綜合運用,實現對隨後的題目有效的判斷和填寫。
(9)英語四級快速閱讀選項要求擴展閱讀:
英語四級成績查詢入口一般在考後兩個月後由官網開通,具體的開通時間會由官網提前十天發布通知。
閱讀能力:
能順利閱讀語言難度中等的一般性題材的文章、掌握中心大意以及說明中心大意的事實和細節,並能進行一定的分析、推理和判斷,領會作者的觀點和態度,閱讀速度達到每分鍾70詞。
在閱讀篇幅較長、難度略低、生詞不超過總詞數3%的材料時,能掌握中心大意,抓住主要事實和有關細節,閱讀速度將達到每分鍾100詞。
快速閱讀方法:
1、推測(prediction)。閱讀正文前,就標題(如果有標題的話)來合理推測資料的大概內容,也可在讀了一段之後預測下段內容。這對快速理解和整體把握文章內容以及推測出生詞的詞義范圍有積極的意義。
2、讀關鍵詞句(key words and topic sentences)。在對文章的整體內容有了基本認識的基礎上,我們學會抓主要的詞句,找出段落中的主題句,從而正確領會文章的主要內容。
3、略讀 (skimming)。略讀又稱跳讀(reading and skipping)或瀏覽(glancing),是一種專門的,非常實用的快速閱讀技能。所謂略讀,是指以盡可能快的速度閱讀,如同從飛機上鳥瞰(bird』s eye view )地面上的明顯標志一樣,迅速獲取文章大意或中心思想。
換句話說,略讀是要求讀者有選擇地進行閱讀,可跳過某些細節,以求抓住文章的大概,從而加快閱讀速度。據統計,訓練有素的略讀者(skimmer)的閱讀速度可以達到每分鍾3000到4000個詞。
4、尋讀 (Scanning)。尋讀又稱查讀,同略讀一樣,尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。熟練的讀者善於運用尋讀獲得具體信息,以提高閱讀效率。
尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項具體事實或某一項特定信息,如人物、事件、時間、地點、數字等,而對其它無關部分則略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。
㈩ 求英語4級快速閱讀 (選擇題形式)題
Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid*Good grades and high testscores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-incomestudents projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-boundpopulation in coming years, some schools are re-examing whether that aid,typically known as 「merit aid」, is the most effective use of preciousinstitutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last weekthat it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by aboutone-third and rece the number of recipients(接受者), pouringthe savings, about $2.5million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa.,made a similar decision three years ago.Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y.,says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aidrecipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will beawarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.Not all colleges offermerit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to doso. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offergenerous need-based packages, but many families who don』t meet need eligibility (資格) have been willing to paywhatever they must for a big-name school.For small regionalcolleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an importantrevenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars overand above scholarship amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-consciousschools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit topstudents and to improve their academic profiles. 「They』re trying to buystudents,」 says Skidmore Colllege economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aidalso tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enrollwithout it.「As we look to the future,we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,」 says Monica Inzer,dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton,which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report』s ranking ofthe best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.Merit aid, which benefitedabout 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $1milion a year, 「served us well,」 Inzer says, but 「to be discounting the pricefor families that don』t need financial aid doesn』t feel right any more.」Need-based aid remains byfar the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutionalgrants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growingfaster, both overall and at the institutional level.Between 1995-96 and2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% forneed-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bidto enroll top students in the state』s public institutions.But in recent years, agrowing chorus (異口同聲) of critics has begunpressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be 「a sign thatpeople are starting to realize that there』s this destructive competition goingon.」 says Baum, co-author of a recent CollegeReport that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based onneed.David Laird, president ofthe Minnesota PrivateCollege Council, says many of hisschools would like to rece their merit aid but fear that in doing so, theywould lose top students to their competitors.「No one can take one-sidedaction,」 says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption (豁免) from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss howthey could jointly rece merit aid. 「This is a merry-go-round that』s goingvery fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks oftrying to breakaway by themselves.」A complicating factor isthat merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don』tqualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, astuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.That is one reason Allegheny Collegedoesn』t plan to drop merit aid entirely.「We still believe inrewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly valuethe scholarship,」 says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny』s vice president forenrollment.Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a$4.7 billion endowment (捐贈), meanwhile, is taking anotherapproach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy studentsand cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its28-year-old merit program.「Yeah, we』re playing themerit game,」 acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraateecation. But it has its strong points, too, he says, 「The fact of the matteris, it』s not just about the lowest-income people. It』s the average Americanmiddle-class family who』s being priced out of the market.」*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aidoffered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generallyknown as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic meritscholarships are based on students』 grades, GPA and overall academicperformance ring high school. They are typically meant for students goingstraight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarshipsfor current college students with exceptional grades as well. These meritscholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewedeach year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases,students may need to be recommended by their school or a tearcher as part ofthe qualification process.Athletic meritscholarships are meant for student that excel(突出) in sportsof any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for thesescholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to berecognized by a coach or a referee (裁判). Applicants need to send in atape containing their best performance.Artistic meritscholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. Thisgenerally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music,dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requiresthat students submit a portfolio (選輯) of some sort, whether thatincludes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or avideo of them dancing.注意:此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。1. With more and more low-income students pursuinghigher ecation, a number of colleges are ________.A) offering studentsmore merit-based aidB) revising theirfinancial aid policiesC) increasing theamount of financial aidD) changing theiradmission processes2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?A) It tried to implementa novel financial aid program.B) It added $2.5million to its need-based aid program.C) It phased out itsmerit-based scholarships altogether.D) It cuts itsmerit-based aid to help the needy students.3. The chief purpose of rankings-consciouscolleges in offering merit aid is to ________.A) improve teachingqualityB) boost their enrollmentsC) attract goodstudentsD) increase theirrevenues4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission andfinancial aid at Hamilton,believed ________.A) it doesn』t pay tospend $1 million a year to raise its rankingB) it gives studentsmotivation to award academic achievementsC) it』s illogical touse so much money on only 4% of its studentsD) it』s not right togive aid to those who can afford the tuition5. In recent years, merit-based aid hasincreased much faster than need-based aid e to ________.A) more governmentfunding to collegesB) fierce competitionamong institutionsC) the increasingnumber of top studentsD) schools』 improvedfinancial situations6. What is the attitude of many privatecolleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?A) They would like tosee it reced.B) They regard it asa necessary evil.C) They think it doesmore harm than good.D) They consider itunfair to middle-class families.7. Why doesn』t Allegheny Collegeplan to drop merit entirely?A) Rising tuitionshave made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B) With risingincomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C) Many students frommiddle-income families have come to rely on it.D) Rising incomeshave disqualified many students for need-based aid.8. Annual renewal of academic meritscholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ________.9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarshipsneed a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ________ their exceptionalathletic performance.10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarshipsmust proce evidence to show their ________ in a particular artistic field.1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C8. qualified9. recognizes10. portforlio</p>