英語四級翻譯文章範文

① 英語四級翻譯真題和範文答案解析[2018年-12]

^你好，我是兔兔禿90，用網路網盤分享給你，點開就可以保存，鏈接永專久有效^_^鏈接：屬https://pan..com/s/10l5r9FXDkpfRCtHdxlAe2Q 提取碼：0000

② 英語四級翻譯真題及範文答案(2017-12)

^你好抄，我是兔兔禿90，用網路襲網盤分享給你，點開就可以保存，鏈接永久有效^_^鏈接：https://pan..com/s/10l5r9FXDkpfRCtHdxlAe2Q 提取碼：0000

③ 歷屆英語四級作文範文 要有中文翻譯

2008年6月作文題目及範文
提綱
1. 娛樂活動多種多樣
2. 娛樂活動可能使人們受益，也可能有危害性
3. 作為大學生我的看法
範文： Recreational activity
Abundant recreational activities are available for people to release their strain and stress, ranging from sports to online activities. There is going on a hot debate arguing whether they are good for the public or not, especially for college students.
As for such a question, different people hold different views. Some believe that recreation is helpful if we want to keep healthy physically and mentally. While there also sounds an opposite voice, which claims that activities also bring many problems. For example, some young people are easily addicted to the virtual world online, which affects their study seriously and may lead to worse consequences as well.
As for me, I hold a belief that recreational activities do more good than harm. They do give us a good chance, and efficiency too. As long as we can arrange the time reasonably, they will definitely provide more benefits for us.
作文地帶提供參考翻譯：娛樂活動
從運動到網游，各式各樣的娛樂活動都能夠緩解人們的疲勞和壓力。但這些活動是否對民眾尤其是大學生有益已經引起了很大的爭議。
對於這一問題，人們各持己見。一部分人認為娛樂活動有助於我們保持健康的身體和心理，但也有反對的 聲音，有人認為娛樂活動會帶來很多問題，例如一些年輕人很容易沉迷於網路中的虛擬世界，這會對學生產生極壞的影響並帶來嚴重的後果。
在我看來，我堅信娛樂活動利大於弊。它能幫助我們提高效率，使我們能夠合理的安排時間，很明顯它將給我們帶來極大的好處。
2008年12月作文題目及範文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at Least 120 words following the outline given below:
1．一次性塑料袋曾廣泛使用
2．由此帶來的問題
3．限制使用一次性塑料袋的意義
範文：Disposable Plastic Bags
Nowadays we may find ourselves surrounded by a sea of disposable plastic bags. And recently the problems of using disposable plastic bags have been brought into people』s focus.
First of all, the use of disposable plastic bags causes irreversible harm to our environment. As these bags are not biodegradable, they are blocking the drainage system and causing water pollution. What』s more, customers using disposable plastic bags may think that they are of great convenience. But what they don』t quite realize is that there will be remarkable negative impact on our health. And sometimes careless disposal of these bags may even poison some innocent animals.
In view of the severity of this issue, effective measures have been taken in our country. There has been a strict limit on the using of disposable plastic bags in supermarkets, which not only enhances people』s awareness on environmental protection but also cuts down the cost of the running of supermarkets.
作文地帶提供參考翻譯：一次性塑料袋
如今在我們周圍是一片一次性塑料袋的海洋。最近使用一次性塑料袋的問題引起了人們的廣泛關注。
首先，使用一次性塑料袋會對環境造成不可挽回的破壞。因為這些塑料袋是不可分解的，它們堵塞排水系統造成水污染。此外，消費者會認為使用一次性塑料袋很方便。但他們沒有真正的意識到這將會對我們的身體健康造成很大的傷害。有時對這一垃圾的處理不當會對無辜的動物造成毒害。
針對這一問題的嚴重性，我們國家已經採取了有效的措施。超市對使用一次性塑料袋有了嚴格的限制，這樣不僅加強了人們的環保意識而且降低了商家的花銷。
2009年6月大學英語四級作文及範文
Free Admission to museums
越來越多的博物館免費對外開放的目的是什麼？也會帶來一些問題；你的看法？
範文：Free Admission to Museums?
Nowadays, a lot of museums open to the public for free, and a lot of people are attracted to go there. However, it also brought some unexpected problems.
At present, people can get knowledge from many ways like libraries, internet, and other sources. However, there is also much information that people cannot get from the above ways. Free admission museums supply more chances for the public to get knowledge that cannot be easily accessed. People can learn more things about history, art, science and so on. Although, this kind of policy brought much convenience to the public, it also caused some problems. For example, beggars and shabby-dressed people may enter the museums and cause bad reputation among the public; along with the increasing number of people getting into museums, there will be no enough service establishments to meet the requirements; besides, under the policy of free admission, the cultural relics displayed there may be inevitably broken or damaged by the crowds. Moreover, the crowds in the museums may also cause security problems.
In my opinion, free admission is a good policy for the public, and it brings the public much convenience. But, we should also take possible measures to protect the cultural relics and maintain the order of spot. Besides, we can also take the policy of giving free admission first to children, then to the retired person, and last to the public. I think, this may help to solve the problems.

作文地帶提供參考翻譯：博物館是否應當免費開放？
如今，大量的博物館對公眾免費開放，吸引了大量的人入館參觀。然而，隨之也出現了一些問題。
現在，人們獲取知識的途徑有很多種，比如圖書館，網路等。然而仍然有一些知識是不能從上述這些資源中獲得的。博物館免費開放，給人們提供了很大的機會來獲取一些不太容易接觸的知識。人們能夠學到更多的歷史，藝術，科學等知識。這個政策給公眾帶來了很大的便利，但是它仍然帶來了一些問題。例如，乞丐和那些衣裳襤褸的人進入博物館，這樣在公眾當中造成了不好的名聲，隨著更多的人進入博物館，服務設施將不足以滿足人們的 要求；另外，由於免費開放政策的實施，陳列的文物可能會不可避免的受到擁擠人群的毀壞。此外，擁擠的人群也會造成安全問題。
在我看來，免費開放對公眾是一個好的政策，它給公眾帶來很多便利。但是，我們應當採取一些可能的措施來寶物文物，維護場地的秩序。另外，我們還可以實施一些政策比如兒童、老年人優先。我認為這將有助於解決問題。
2009年12月大學英語四級作文及範文
Create a green campus
1.建設綠色校園十分重要
2.綠色校園不僅指綠色環境
3.為了建設綠色校園我們應該
範文：Create a Green Campus
It is of great importance to make and maintain a green campus in our university or college. Obviously, a growing number of people are beginning to realize that it is our ty to do that in the present days, since the concept of a green world has become the focus of the society。
The idea of a green campus is beyond a green environment. To begin with, the development on the campus is to be sustainable and recyclable. Some of the authorities budget should be on how to rece of the waste. What s more, we d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. Thus the idea of environmental protection may become a common occurrence in our daily life。
It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus from waste and pollution, and hence these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. Certainly, there is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campuses。
作文地帶提供參考翻譯：建設綠色校園
建設綠色校園非常重要。顯然，綠色地球已經成為社會的焦點，越來越多的人開始意識到現如今我們有責任區建設綠色校園。
綠色校園不僅指綠色環境。首先，校園的發展是可持續和和循環的。政府應將一部分財政支出用於怎樣減少垃圾上。此外，我們必須意識到周圍環境污染的嚴重性。使環境保護成為我們日常生活中關注的事情。
我們必須採取一些措施來保護我們的校園免遭污染，這些措施在我們一天天的生活中將越來越重要。當然，毫無疑問為了維護我們的綠色校園還需要更多的保護措施。

④ 英語四級作文範文多篇

1、北京奧運

The Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics logo has a single Chinese character on a traditional red Chinese seal. The English words "Beijing 2008" are written with a Chinese brush below it. At the bottom of the picture, there are the five rings of Olympic Games. The figure in the logo resembles a runner or dancer and the Chinese character "jing" which means "capital".

The image carries the message that today's China is not only a nation with a long and glorious history, but also one full of modern dynamics. First and foremost, this logo is a journey to the future, the emblem for China moving towards the 2008 Olympic Games. What is more, it is a symbol of the city's promise to make the Games a success. Accordingly, this emblem represents the heart of an ancient culture embracing the modern world, the spirit of a people moving towards a new destiny.

In my view, first of all, the Olympic Game represents the spirit of sports. Arms flung wide, it invites all people and the world to share in the city's history, beauty, energy, and its future. In addition, it is a gesture of friendship and hope that the community of nations will unite in peace through sports.

參考譯文

北京2008年夏季奧運會會徽在傳統的紅色中國印章上刻著一枚漢字。漢字下方用中國毛筆書寫了「北京2008」的英文字樣。圖畫底部是奧運的五環標志。會徽中的人物象徵了一位跑步者或舞蹈者，而漢字「京」的意思是「首都」。

這一會徽表達了當今的中國不僅個擁有悠久燦爛的歷史國度，更是一個充滿了現代活力的國家。首先，這一會徽是一次奔向未來之旅，是中國邁向2008年奧運會的象徵。其次，它是北京承諾將成功舉辦奧運的標志。因此，這一會徽代表了一種悠久文化擁抱現代世界的信心，以及中國人民邁向新征程的精神。

在我看來，奧林匹克運動會首先代表了體育的精神。它伸展了雙臂邀請全世界及其人民分享北京的歷史、魅力、能量及未來。此外，它是友誼的象徵，以及希望國際社會通過體育運動進而和平共處。

2、留學

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Studying Abroad. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

1)目前很多中國學生出國留學，

2)出國留學的好處，

3)我的看法。

Nowadays, going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity among adolescents. Importance should be attached to studying abroad.

There are a great many advantages of studying overseas. First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world. On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values. What is more, overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages. There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.

Generally peaking, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff is worthwhile. In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain precious experiences that those who stay at home will never have. Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is concive to the growth of adolescents.

3、網路

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1、 互聯網使用的現狀，

2、 大學生是否應該使用互聯網，人們的看法不同，

3、 我的看法。

In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is known to all, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work』s needs.

On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life. As a college student, I get on line every day to exchange information through e-mails with my net friends. But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.

Thus, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overinlgence. After all，Internet is invented to enrich our life, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.

4、考試

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Examinations. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1)大學都用考試來衡量學生的成績，

2)考生可能帶來的副作用，

3)我對考試的看法。

In most colleges and universities the examination is used as a chief means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. Although it does the job quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.

To begin with, examinations lower the standards of teaching. Since teachers are often judged by examination results, they are reced to training their students in exam techniques. No subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations. In addition, the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. As the examination score is the only criterion for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively.

In fact, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students』 academic development. If that is the case, why cannot we make a change and devise something more efficient and reliable than examinations?

5、老師

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Teacher I ever Know. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1)我生活中最難忘的老師是……

2)為什麼他(或她)令我難以忘懷，

3)結論。

In my life I have met a great many teachers who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable one I ever know is my English teacher.

What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. Second, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.

Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.

6、求學信

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter applying for admission into a college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

1、 入學條件，

2、 學費和獎學金，

3、 住宿情況。

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.

First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor』s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation regarding accommodation?

I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

7、邀請信

Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them indivially:

1) 邀請參加晚會，

2) 說明舉辦晚會的原因，

3) 將安排哪些活動。

Dear Snoopy,

I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr. Guo Jing』s wedding ceremony with Ms. Huang Rong to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2007.

As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to attend the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o』clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.

If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

8、投訴信

Directions: You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college.

1)要求下學期換一個新房間，

2)解釋原因，

3)要求單間。

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.

I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate』s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.

I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

9、致辭

Directions: Write a speech on the opening of a conference of no less than 120 words. In your speech, you should:

1) 進行自我介紹，

2) 詳細介紹大會內容，

3) 結束語。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! To begin with, I would like to make a brief introction to myself. I am the president of Motorola (China) Electronics Ltd.

The following is my introction to the conference. First, it is my great honor to be here with all of you and declare open the Conference of International Trade Cooperation. Second, on behalf of our company, I would like to express my heartfelt welcome to all the guests and delegates. Last, I believe our cooperative efforts are sure to be proctive.

I wish all of you enjoy yourselves ring this conference and hope the above information will help you. If you have any question for me, please feel free to ask at any time. Thank you for your attention.

10、告示

Directions: The Students』 Union of your department is planning a Chinese Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information:

1) 比賽目的、時間、地點，

2) 參賽者的要求，

3) 裁判和獎勵的細節。

You should write about 120 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Department of Chinese Language and Literature at the end of the announcement.

Chinese Speaking Contest

February 3, 2008

To improve students』 ability to speak Chinese and enrich after-class activities, the Students』 Union of Department of Chinese Language and Literature is organizing a school-wide Chinese speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week (10 February) at the Students』 Auditorium. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Tuesday next week. Five professors will be invited to be judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.

The Students』 Union

Department of Chinese Language and Literature

⑤ 英語四級作文萬能模版

一、用於作文開頭的萬能模板：
1、Many people insist that... 很多人(堅持)認為……
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that... 隨著科技的發展,越來越多的人認為……

3、A lot of people seem to think that... 很多人似乎認為……

二、引出不同觀點的萬能模板：
1、People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that.... 人們對……的觀點因人而異。有些人認為.....然而其他人卻認為……
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人們對待吸毒的態度因人而異。

3、People may have different opinions on... 人們對……可能會有不同的見解。
4、There are different opinions among people as to... 關於……人們的觀點大不相同。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 對(失敗)人們的態度各不相同。

三、得出最終結論的萬能模板：
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that... 把所有這些因素加以考慮，我們自然會得出結論……
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that... 考慮所有這些因素，我們可能會得出合理的結論……
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that... 因此，自然我們得出以下結論。。。

4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫無疑問，跳槽有優點也有缺點。
5、All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 總之，我們沒有……是無法生活的。但同時，我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現的新問題。
這句話一般用於作文結尾，屬萬能句式，句式較為簡單，方便操作。

四， 提出最終建議的萬能模板
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。
2、It is time to take the advice of ... and to put special emphasis on the improvement of ... 該是採納……的建議，並對……的進展給予非常重視的時候了。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of ... 毫無疑問，對……問題應予以足夠的重視。
4、Obviously,.... If we want to do something... , it is essential that... 顯然，如果我們想做某事，我們需要……
5、Only in this way can we... 只有這樣,我們才能...
6、It must be realized that... 我們必須意識到...

⑥ 誰有去年12月英語四級的四篇閱讀的文章的中文翻譯

2010年12月英語四級
一、快速閱讀題翻譯
我們中的大多數人度過這一生追求自然世界。為此,我們溜狗,打高爾夫球,釣魚,坐在花園里,而不是在體內喝酒吧外,野餐,住在郊區,去海邊,買一個周末發生在這個國家。最受歡迎的休閑活動在英國是去散步。而當所用的時間(慢跑者)慢跑,他們不要運行的街道。他們每個人都本能地前往公園或河邊。這是我的深刻信仰:不僅是我們都需要自然,但是我們都尋求自然,我們是否知道我們正在這么做。

但盡管如此,我們的孩子成長所nature-deprived(喪失)。我度過了我的童年Streatham普遍,爬樹在倫敦南部。這些天來,孩子們被剝奪自由,由於這些古老的問題,像犯罪、交通、虧損的開闊空間和奇怪的新觀點為孩子們關於什麼是最好的,也就是說,這些東西可以買,而不是那些被發現的。

事實是,在別處尋獲。在美國的一項研究:家庭不得不搬到更好的住房和孩子們被用於評價ADHD-attention缺陷多動障礙(多動症)。那些住宿有更多的自然風光,表現出一種改進的19%;同樣的那些人,但沒有在物質環境改善視野好改善只是4%。

一項研究表明,在瑞典人能夠扮演幼兒園的小朋友在自然環境中少了許多疾病和更大的身體的能力比孩子只用於一個正常的游樂場。美國一項研究表明,當一所學校給孩子們進入自然環境、學術水平都提高了。整個學校。

另一項研究發現孩子們玩不同的,在自然環境中。孩子們在操場,創造一個層次(等級),基於物理屬性的艱難的,帶頭。但是當一個地區種植的草地灌木叢生,孩子們玩到了更多的幻想,是現在社會分層結構基於想像力和創造力。

大多數欺負(恃強凌弱)被發現在學校有柏油(柏油碎石)球場;最少的欺負是指在自然區域,孩子們被鼓勵去探索。這使我想起了學校的Sunnyhill Streatham不快,以其嚴酷的跑道上,用來掛在我大約在彎道中幻想關於野生動物。

但是孩子經常勸阻去參與與自然環境、健康和安全的原因,因為他們擔心可能會弄得很臟,或者他們可能導致閥門的損壞。所以,相反,傷害到孩子們自己:不給他們的身體,但對他們的靈魂。

最大的問題之一是現代童年,游說的ADHD注意力缺陷過動症,現在越來越多的葯物治療。但是一項研究表明,接觸後,又對ADHD大自然給予我們巨大的幫助孩子們。然而,我們把錢花在葯物上,而不是綠色的地方。

老年人的生活時,他們能得到它們更好更接近自然。因為不斷增長的關注增加人口的老年人在質量,而不是數量的年。研究發現和研究後一個花園是最重要的,在發現質量。

在更廣泛、更困難的生活領域中,有證據表明,自然的環境下提高各種各樣的東西。即使問題與犯罪和侵犯行為有所減少,當有接觸的自然世界。

威廉博士鳥,研究人員從皇家鳥類保護協會在他的研究中,州」,這是一種自然環境則可以減少暴力行為,因為它的修復過程幫助減少憤怒和沖動行為。」野生地方需要鼓勵因為這個原因,不管多麼小自己的貢獻。

我們傾向於看到自然保育是一種恩惠,人類正批給自然世界。這里的錯誤實在是太深:不僅要為自己的人類需要自然,但這一理念,人類與自然世界可分離的東西是深刻地造成損害。

人類是一種哺乳動物(哺乳動物)。他們為7萬年前生活在行星上作為自然的一部分。我們的祖先的自我錯過了自然界和人類渴望與非人類的生活。誰拍過一隻狗,撫摸著一隻貓,樹下坐著一品脫啤酒,給予或收到一束花或者選擇步行穿過公園的一次美妙的一天,對此表示理解。

我們需要的野生世界。對我們的健康是至關重要的,我們的健康,我們的幸福。沒有荒涼的世界我們不是更多,但是更少的文明。我們周圍沒有其他有生命的東西我們是小於人類。

五種方式找到和諧與自然世界

走:打破的節奏下產生的一種永久性的屋頂上。早些時候下車停止,使電路的公園里散步的午餐時間,從學校的孩子,養條狗,感覺你自己移動的在移動的空氣,去看,去聽,吸收。

坐:花一些時間,時不時地,仍然在一個開放的空間。在花園里,在任何地方,不在辦公室,在任何地區都趕出家門,遠離常規。坐在樹下,看水,會感到精力充沛,都那麼的更新。

飲料:最好的方式去享受自然世界是由你自己;第二,最好的辦法是在公司。請喝外使用一個好人,一個好的聚會:跟太陽,風和鳥鳴為背景。

學習:擴展你的界域。學5個種類的鳥,五,五,五樹蝴蝶鳥兒的歌聲。這樣,你看到和聽到更多:和你的精神反應較大數量的感激地對野性在你的生活。

旅行社:的地方:你一直想要去海邊,在國內,在群山之中。把一個周末的突破,day-trip,走出去,做:在景觀,因為路上穿過樹林,而且是因為這些大鳥,因為蜜蜂。去什麽特別的地方並帶來特別的家。畢竟它永遠持續。

二、十五選十閱讀題的文章的中文翻譯
在世界上一半的人現在住在城裡了。最新的「全球報告人類住區「說有意義的改變發生去年。該報告67本周從聯合國棲息地,是聯合國的一個機構。

一個世紀前,68比5%的人居住在城市裡。69這個世紀的中葉,這可能是70%,或70六個半億人。

已經有四分之三的人在71國家住在城裡了。現在大多數城市人口72是在發展中國家。

城市化進程可以73度到社會和經濟進步,但是把74對於城市提供住房和75。這項新報告稱近2億萬人移動76個城市和城鎮的每一天。它說不斷惡化的不平等、關注社會的劃分和差異77在78例,可能會導致暴力和犯罪79個城市計劃得更好。

另一個問題是城市擴張(無序擴展的城區)。這就是城市到鄉村地區,80快得多的速度有時81比城市人口增長速度。

擴張正在82在美國。許多美國人不動了。在最近的一項研究中,藝術廳在堪薩斯大學的發現,人們在遠離了83城市較小的公司。他看見一隻84向「de-urbanization」,在全國范圍內。

還提供了許多85城市經濟86,農村地區卻不是這樣的。

三、兩篇小閱讀的文章的中文翻譯
1.這是相當多的一條單行道。雖然這可能是常見的大學的研究人員對試他們的運氣在商業世界,有非常小的交通在相反的方向。支付一直是最大的威懾,因為人們通常認為他們與家庭無法負擔工資下降了移動到一個大學的工作。對工業上的某些科學家,然而,學術界(學術界的吸引力)大於任何金融方面的考量。

海倫·李把70%的薪水減少了。當她從一地轉移到在雅培擔任高級職務的醫療部門在劍橋大學。她的主要原因是回到學術界總在利用更大的自由去選擇研究課題。一些探究領域很少有前景的商業回報,李的就是其中之一。

一個工資減少的影響可能並不嚴重的一名科學家在早期的職業生涯。格蘭特,現在一個傢伙在聯合利華中心副研究員對分子信息學在劍橋大學,花了兩年時間正在為一個制葯(制葯的)公司,然後回到大學當博士後研究員。他把工資減少30%,但覺得很值得為了偉大的知識的機會。

更高的梯子上爬,在那裡減薪通常是更重要的需求,對科學家來說,具有豐富的經驗在工業正迫使大學做轉變(轉換)來學術界更吸引人,據李。工業科學家往往能得到培訓,學者不,比如如何建立多學科隊伍、管理預算及合同談判。他們也被置於給我們帶來特別東西的教學側面學術作用,幫助學生在他們畢業後找到一份工作,也許是經驗李說,或產品開發生產實踐中,「只有少量的本科生將繼續在學術生涯。所以有人離開大學那些已經所需的技能在一個工業實驗室工作有更多的潛在的就業市場的人,比一個所有的時間都花在一個狹窄的研究計畫。」
2.即使的賠率是堆疊攻擊你,婚姻能彌補。琳達·維特的芝加哥大學的研究人員已經發現一個結了婚的老男人與心臟疾病可以活到將近4年的時間比獨身的男子與健康的心靈。同樣的,一個結了婚的男人吸煙超過一天一包是可能活只要一個離過婚的男人誰不抽煙。有一個反面,但是,作為合作夥伴更容易生病或死亡,在過去的幾年中,證明他們配偶的死亡,以及照顧配偶有精神錯亂的能給你提供一些相同的嚴重的問題。即便如此,最可能的青睞的婚姻。在長達30年研究超過10000人,尼古拉斯克里斯塔基斯是哈佛醫學院的描述的是各種各樣的社會網路也有類似的效果。

那麼它如何使用呢?所產生的影響是復雜的,受經濟因素綜合作用的結果,health-service規定,情感支持和其他更多的生理(生理的)機制。例如,社會的接觸,可以提高開發大腦和免疫系統,從而引導他們走向更好的健康和更少的機會抑鬱在以後的生活中。人們在面對壓力供養的關系可能會更好。所以就有了心理上的收益的一個支持性的夥伴。

一個生活伴侶、孩子和好的朋友都推薦,如果你的目標活到100歲。最終的社會網路仍被繪制出來,但克里斯塔基斯說:「人們都是相互的,所以他們的健康是相互聯系的。」

————希望能幫到你，滿意記得採納哦，英語四六級馬上又要考試了，記得加油哈！