英語寫作的outline

A. 《英語寫作》中 文章的outline包括topic和thesis嗎

TOPIC通常是第一段第一句話，而THESIS通常是第一段最後一句話
TOPIC是一句話，是寫出你
文章
大概要寫什麼。
而THESIS通常是用來總結你文章的方向和細節。

B. 英語系論文得outline怎麼寫

outline 有三種 很簡約的說來
1.topic outline
thesis：XXXXX(是一句話,要打句點源）（下面的都是單詞和短語 不打句點)
Ⅰ.XXXX
Ⅱ.XXXX
A.XXXX
1.XXX
2.XXX
B.XXXX
Ⅲ.XXXXX
2.sentence outline (格式和TOPIC OUTLINE 是一樣的,但是下面的小點和層次都是一句話的形式）
thesis和下面的層次是一排起頭的
3.mixed outline 格式也是一樣的 但是第一層是要是一句話的 ,一下的都是短語和單片語成,是前面2種的混合體

C. 英語系論文得outline怎麼寫步驟等，謝謝

outline 有三種 很簡約的說
1.topic outline
thesis：XXXXX(是一句話，要打句點）（下面的都是單詞和短語版 不打句點)
Ⅰ.XXXX
Ⅱ.XXXX
A.XXXX
1.XXX
2.XXX
B.XXXX
Ⅲ.XXXXX
2.sentence outline (格式權和TOPIC OUTLINE 是一樣的，但是下面的小點和層次都是一句話的形式）
thesis和下面的層次是一排起頭的
3.mixed outline 格式也是一樣的 但是第一層是要是一句話的 ，一下的都是短語和單片語成，是前面2種的混合體

D. 英語中的outline怎麼寫

與漢語中的提綱（大綱、概要）一樣啊，只是用英語寫而已。其他沒有什麼不同。

E. 一篇英語作文的outline怎麼寫

Then her charming smile, that smile make me feel warm. Especially in the winter. That smile are like what freesia.Winter is the season that leaves, but common in cold season flowering, which will undoubtedly give the wholewinter has brought angry. And she's like Freesia, her smile brought a glimmer of warmth to the winter season;there is no exception in the light of the sun, when the evening sunset, in the west to emit light, shining on every corner of the school, at that moment, she comes back, she smiles, that unforgettable smile, this is simply a words can not describe the 'beauty'
There is a One's childish dispos

很高興為您解答 O(∩_∩)O~

不懂可以繼續追問喲 (*^__^*)

滿意請及時【採納】 ^_^

F. 英語寫作 求outline

Today, more and more people prefer to live in a big city. There are many advantages of living
in a big city, such as more job opportunities, more shops and more entertainnment places. But because a large amount of people have flooded into big cities, it is bringing about problems as below:
First of all, traffic....
Secondly, the house price....
Finally, deteriorating environment ...
In conclusion, ....

G. 英語論文的outline具體格式是什麼呀

英語論文提綱outline格式：

1、論文題目：要求准確、簡練、醒目、新穎。

2、目錄：目錄是論文中主要段落的簡表。（短篇論文不必列目錄）

3、提要：是文章主要內容的摘錄，要求短、精、完整。字數少可幾十字，多不超過三百字為宜。

4、關鍵詞或主題詞：關鍵詞是從論文的題名、提要和正文中選取出來的，是對表述論文的中心內容有實質意義的詞彙。關鍵詞是用作機系統標引論文內容特徵的詞語，便於信息系統匯集，以供讀者檢索。 每篇論文一般選取3-8個詞彙作為關鍵詞，另起一行，排在「提要」的左下方。

主題詞是經過規范化的詞，在確定主題詞時，要對論文進行主題，依照標引和組配規則轉換成主題詞表中的規范詞語。

5、論文正文：

引言：引言又稱前言、序言和導言，用在論文的開頭。 引言一般要概括地寫出作者意圖，說明選題的目的和意義, 並指出論文寫作的范圍。引言要短小精悍、緊扣主題。

論文正文：正文是論文的主體，正文應包括論點、論據、 論證過程和結論。主體部分包括以下內容：提出-論點；分析問題-論據和論證；解決問題-論證與步驟；結論。

6、一篇論文的參考文獻是將論文在和寫作中可參考或引證的主要文獻資料，列於論文的末尾。參考文獻應另起一頁，標注方式按《GB7714-2005文後參考文獻著錄規則》進行。中文：標題--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--標題--出版物信息

所列參考文獻的要求是：所列參考文獻應是正式出版物，以便讀者考證。所列舉的參考文獻要標明序號、著作或文章的標題、作者、出版物信息。論文提綱也可以用最簡單的格式和分類，簡單明了地說明論文的目的、依據和意義，甚至是兩句話。

這種提綱往往是用於科學論文，而且在對於各種概念有相互聯系而不是孤立的出來討論的情況下。如果總要分出1、2、3......點來寫的話，往往會變成「八股文」的模式，這樣的論文往往是應付式的論文，其真正的科學價值會大打折扣。

(7)英語寫作的outline擴展閱讀：

通常情況下，撰寫論文提綱有5大要求：

1、要有全局觀念，從整體出發去檢查每一部分在論文中所佔的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰當，篇幅的長短是否合適，每一部分能否為中心論點服務。比如有一篇論文論述企業深化改革與穩定是辯證統一的，作者以浙江××市某企業為例，說只要幹部在改革中以身作則，與職工同甘共苦，可以取得多數職工的理解。

2、從中心論點出發，決定材料的取捨，把與主題無關或關系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍棄，盡管這些材料是煞費苦心費了不少勞動搜集來的。有所失，才能有所得。一塊毛料寸寸寶貴，捨不得剪裁去，也就縫制不成合身的衣服。

為了成衣，必須剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我們必須時刻牢記材料只是為形成自己論文的論點服務的，離開了這一點，無論是多少好的材料都必須捨得拋棄。

3、要考慮各部分之間的邏輯關系。初學撰寫論文的人常犯的毛病，是論點和論據沒有必然聯系，有的只限於反復闡述論點，而缺乏切實有力的論據;有的材料一大堆，論點不明確；有的各部分之間沒有形成有機的邏輯關系，這樣的論文都是不合乎要求的，這樣的論文是沒有說服力的。

為了有說服力，必須有虛有實，有論點有例證，理論和實際相結合，論證過程有嚴密的邏輯性，擬提綱時特別要注意這一點，檢查這一點。

4、論文的基本結構由序論、本論、結論三大部分組成。序論、結論這兩部分在提綱中部應比較簡略。本論則是全文的重點，是應集中筆墨寫深寫透的部分，因此在提綱上也要列得較為詳細。本論部分至少要有兩層標准，層層深入，層層推理，以便體現總論點和分論點的有機結合，把論點講深講透。

5、安排好論文的篇幅。如全文大約多少字，各部分大約多少字。有了這個安排，寫作時就可以更有計劃，避免東拉西扯，離題太遠。至於一篇論文到底以多長篇幅為好，這並無規定。一般說來，篇幅過短，難以把問題分析得深刻、透徹。

同樣，洋洋數萬言的論文也不容易寫好，很容易變成資料的堆砌，雜亂無章。從當前教育科研的實際情況來看，一篇論文的篇幅一般以四千到八千字左右為好，這也比較符合閱讀者的心理。

H. 英語寫作考試中outline概括的一般方法有什麼技巧

其實就是總-分的結構。先寫一句提示下文的概括性的話，繼而進行解釋或者介紹： 1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
3）The reason for this is obvious．
4）The reason for this is not far to seek．
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people』s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
註：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤。
2．表示好處
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It does us a lot of good．
3）It benefits us quite a lot．
4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例如：
Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示壞處
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2）It does us much harm．
3）It is harmfulto us．
例如：
However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth．
2）We think it necessary to do sth．
3）It plays an important role in our life．
例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．
2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例如：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示變化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be proced in the world』s communications．
3）The computer has brought about many changes in ecation．
例如：
Some changes have taken place in people』s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7．表示事實、現狀
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5）However，that』s not the case．
例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that instrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems， we can start by ecating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8．表示比較
1）Compared with A，B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3）There is a striking contrast between them．
例如：
Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people』s health by giving them e physical exercise．
9．表示數量
1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people』s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on ecation has increased．
再如：
From the graph listed above，itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．
註：「From the graph listed above，it can be seen that」見句式12。考生將句式9和句式12結合在一起，便可較好地寫出2002年6月CET －4、6短文寫作的第一段。
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
2）People have different opinions on this problem．
3）People take different views of（on）the question．
4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
再如：
Do「lucky numbers?really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it．
註：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應掌握這一寫作方法。
11．表示結論
1）In short，it can be said that ．．．
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．
例如：
From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved．
註：例句1可用於任何一個段落的結論句；例句3則多用文章結論段的第一句。
12．套語
1）It』s well known to us that ．．．
2）As is known to us，．．．
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．
5）As aproverb says，「Where there is a will，there is a way．?
例如：
As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．
The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an「ivory tower?．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graate．
再如：
Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it．

I. 怎麼寫英語論文的outline

OUTLINE
Creating an outline begins with a reading of your prewriting notes. First, group related ideas
together, looking for major topics (which can be headings) and minor ones (which can be
subheadings, examples, or details). Define your major points, and rearrange them until they
make sense and follow a logical progression.You will be able to see the relationships between
your ideas as you outline them, and determine their importance (major point, minor point,
example, detail). If you need more supporting details or facts——you can add
them now. As you outline your information, use one-word topics, short phrases, or write
out full sentences for each point on your outline.
If your prewriting notes are somewhat organized, you can use the outlining feature included
in most word-processing programs to create an outline. Otherwise, arrange them yourself in
a standard outline form using Roman and Arabic numerals and upper and lower case letters:

I.
A.
B.
1.
2.
a.
b.
Once you have completed an outline, revise and refine it by following these steps:
1. Write down your overall goal for your essay.What are you trying to say to your
readers?
2. Go over your outline and circle, underline, or highlight your major points or
images. Do they all support your goal?
3. Brainstorm words and phrases that will accurately and concisely express those
points (jot them down in the margin of your outline, or use a separate sheet of
paper).
4. Use this list and your outline to guide your writing. Do not allow yourself to
stray from your goal or your major points.

J. 如何寫outline

英語論文提綱outline格式：

1．論文題目：准確、簡潔、醒目、新穎。

2．目錄：目錄是論文中主要段落的簡短列表。（短文不需要列出）

3、小結：是文章的主要內容摘錄，簡短、精練、完整。字數可以少於幾十個字，300字以上為宜。

4、關鍵詞或主題詞：關鍵詞是從論文的標題、摘要和正文中挑選出來的，是表達論文中心內容具有實質性意義的詞彙。關鍵詞是用來標記文章內容特點的詞語。一般每篇論文選擇3－8個單詞作為關鍵詞，在「feed」的左下方再安排一行。

主語詞是一個已經標准化的詞。在確定主題詞時，應根據索引和分組規則，對論文進行主題化，並在主題詞表中轉換為標准詞。

5．主要內容：

引言：引言，又稱前言、前言和導言，用在論文的開頭。引言部分應概述作者的意圖，說明選題的目的和意義，並指出論文的范圍。引言應該簡短扼要，緊扣主題。

論文主體：論文主體是論文的主體。主體包括：陳述－論證；分析問題－論點和論點；解決問題－演示和步驟；結論。

6．論文的參考文獻是在論文和寫作中可以被引用或引用的主要參考資料，列在論文的最後。參考文獻應該是另一頁，按照「gb7714－2005後的參考文獻描述規則」進行標記。標題—作者—出版信息（版本地點、出版商、出版日期）：作者—標題—出版信息

所列參考文獻的要求是：所列參考文獻必須是正式出版物，供讀者核實。所列參考文獻應註明序號、著作或文章名稱、作者、出版資料。論文的提綱也可以採用最簡單的格式和分類，簡單明了地陳述論文的目的、依據和意義，甚至兩句話。

這樣的大綱經常用於科學論文中，其中的概念是相關的，而不是單獨討論。如果一，二，三…點代寫，往往會變成「八股文」模式，這樣的論文往往是臨摹論文，其真正的科學價值會大大降低。

(10)英語寫作的outline擴展閱讀：

其他文件格式

參考格式是指為撰寫論文而引用已發表文獻的格式。按參考文獻類型可分為專著［M］、會議論文集［C］、報刊文章［N］、期刊文章［J］、學術論文［D］、報告［R］、標准［S］、專利［P］、論文［A］、期刊［G］。

許多文件格式都有開放的、標准化的或建議的格式。這些規范或建議描述了如何對數據進行編碼和安排。

有時還指定是否需要特定的計算機程序來讀取或處理它。有兩種情況不公開文件格式。首先，開發人員將文件格式視為商業機密。其次，開發人員不願意或者很少花時間在規範文檔上。

需要注意的是，使用非公共文件格式可能會產生額外的成本。要理解這種類型的文件格式，您需要對結果文件進行反向工程，或者付錢給開發人員以獲得文件格式。第二種方法通常涉及與開發人員簽訂的防擴散協議。無論哪種方式都既耗時又費錢。