初二英语上册句子及单词的用法
Ⅰ 八年级上册英语书英语单词及句子
很多的啦,你可以借书呀
Ⅱ 八年级上册英语重点单词、短语、句型和语法 急急急急急急 要分单元的
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
Grammar: 特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。
特殊疑问句的构成及用法:
结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)
疑问代词:
1) Who:谁。做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?
2)Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?
3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?
4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?
5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?
疑问副词:
When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?
Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?
Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?
How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?
How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?
How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?
How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?
How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?
How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?
How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?
频率副词:表示动作发生的频率,never, sometimes, often, usually, always.
Unit 2 What’s the matter with you?
Grammar:
1. 用have 来描述身体不适 have/have got a +疾病名字;得了……病
2.情态动词should,情态动词should,can, may, must没有人称和时态的变化,后接动词原形
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
Grammar:现在进行时表将来 一般将来时
表示将要做某事或计划打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是现在进行时的形式,但用于表示将来。用进行时表将来,常用于表示即将来临的未来预定要做的事情,一般指个人计划要做的事。用于此情况的动词一般是表示位置转移的动词,如,go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。
一.肯定句中,结构为“be+doing.”
I am going shopping this afternoon.
二.否定句是在be之后加not. I’m not going to shopping this afternoon.
三.一般疑问句是将be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?—Yes, I am/ we are. No, I’m not./ We aren’t.
四.特殊疑问句“疑问词+一般疑问句语序。”
What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping?
Who are you going there with? Where is she going?
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
Grammar: How引导的特殊疑问句:是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等词开头的疑问句。
How does he get to shool?---- He takes the train to get to shool.
How long does it take to walk? ----It takes about 35 minutes to walk.
How far is it from your home to school? It’s four miles from my home to school.
How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.
How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.
How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.
特殊疑问句的简略结构:how about…?+ 名词或动词-ing形式,用于提出建议、请求或征求意见、询问消息等。如:How about playing tennis?
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
Grammar:情态动词can及邀请句式及其问答
情态动词can的用法:
Can 是最长用的情态动词,其后跟动词原形,can的否定形式为cannot,can’t.
can表“能力”,意思是:能,会 I can paly basketball,but I can’t swim.
can表示能力时可和be able to 互换,be able to有更多的时态,常被用来表示can所 不能表示的将来或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.
表示“可能性”,意思是:可以,可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 people.
表示允许,意思是可以能够 You can have the book when I have finished it.
表示“惊讶、不相信等(用于疑问句、否定句或感叹句中”。意思是“会、可能。”
This can’t be true. Can it be true?
如何发出、接受和谢绝别人的邀请
表达邀请的常用句型:
Can you come to…?
Could you come to…?
Would you like to come to…?
Do you want to come to…?
接受邀请的常用句型:
Sure. Certainly. OK. I’d love to.
谢绝邀请的常用句型:
I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to…
I don’t think I can. I have to…
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Grammar:形容词的比较级
规则变化、不规则变化(课本P93)
than 是比较级中最常见的标志词,意思是“比”。用于引出比较的对象。1.He draws better than me.2.You’re older than I am. You are older than me.
形容词比较级前,有时可以用much,far, a little,a bit, even, three times等词来修饰。Much 和far表示“……得多”,much better好得多,a little, a bit表示稍微,一些,一点。a little shorter, 稍微矮点;even表示“甚至,更加,还要……”even bigger还要大些,three times表示 “…三倍”,如three times bigger than 比……大三倍
Very绝不可以用来修饰比较级,very,so,too, quite 修饰原级
Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?
Grammar: 可数名词与不可数名词
一.可数名词
英语中的物质名词大体上可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前加a或an,表示一个,如a pear. 其负数形式要在词尾加-s,或-es(特殊情况除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags
二.不可数名词
1.不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在词前直接加冠词a 或an.表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的由量词构成的短语。如a bag of… 2.常见的量词短语有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可数名词还可以用下面的词表示数量:much much rain a little little
4.既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的词有:
Lots of= a lot of许多,大量 some一些(用于肯定句)any一些(用于否定句和一般疑问句)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
Grammar:
一般过去时:指在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去意义的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last year(week,month…),two years ago, in2006等。有时也可用when,after,before, as soon as引导的时间状语从句。该时态在句中的体现是谓语动词用过去式。谓语be动词→was/were 否定:wasn’t /weren’t
Be动词句型
一般疑问句:was/were +主语…
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语
陈述句:主语+was/were+…(肯定句) 否定句:主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
行为动词句型(当句中的动词为行为动词时,要借助动词did构成一般疑问句和否定句)
肯定式:主语+动词过去式
否定式:主语+didn’t+动词原形
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形
特殊疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形
Unit 9 When was he born?
Grammar: 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
一般过去时的特殊疑问句的变法同一般现在时一样,不同之处在于须将be动词或助动词改为过去时态,即“特殊疑问词+were或was(第三人称单数)+主语+(表语)+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+实义动词+其他成分。”
以when引导的特殊疑问句,对某人的出生年月进行提问,句型是:
When was/were…born? … was/were born in +时间
When was David beckham born? 大卫.贝克汉姆是什么时候出生的?He was born in 1975.
二.以how long 引导的特殊疑问句,对表示某一短时间的状语进行提问。句型是:
How long did + 主语+动词?
How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.
三.When did he start hiccupping? 他什么时候开始打嗝?When +did+主语+动词?
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
Grammar:一般将来时
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
1. be going to + 动词原形 What are you going to do next Sunday?
2. will/shall + 动词原形 I will go to my hometown next week.
3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.
4. be +动词不定式 You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
5. be + about + 动词不定式 The meeting is about to begin.
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
Grammar:情态动词
情态动词,表示说话者对某一动作的看法和态度,包括可能、怀疑、允许、愿望、必要、猜测等。Can(能、会),may( 可以),must( 必须、一定)等。
情态动词的特点:(1)情态动词有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语,且没有人称和数的变化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now.
(2)变否定句时,直接在情态动词后面加not,无需加助动词。He can’t play the guitar well.
He can’t answer the question. You mustn’t be late.
(3)含有情态动词的句子变一般疑问句时,须将情态动词提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?
(4)can 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测,意为“能,会,可以。”can’t, 意为“不能,不会,不可以。”,还有“不可能”之意。
--Can you drive? – Sorry, I can’t. It can’t be true.
(5)can 也可表示请求与邀请
Can you please sweep the floor?
Unit12 What’s the best radio station?
Grammar:形容词/副词的最高级,用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示在一群人或事物中,其中一个 “最……”见课本p93语法
the +最高级 She is the tallest of all her classmates.
最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,nearly,almost, by no means, not quite,not really, nothing like等修饰。This hat is by far the biggest.
表示最高程度的形容词,excellent, extreme, prefect等没有最高级也不能用比较级。He is an excellent teacher.
形容词最高级间修饰做表语或介词并与的名词代词是,被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the youngest (boy) in his class.
Who/Which +be+最高级,A,B,or C? Who is the most useful, a bicycle, a motorcycle,or a car?
the +序数词+最高级 He is the second tallest student in our class.
One of the +最高级+复数名词 The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China.
Ⅲ 初二英语单词与句子必考
初二英语知识点总结
1单元 snake robot 蛇形机器人
space station 太空站 seem possible 看起来可能
be able to (do) = can 能够
the World Cup 世界杯 2单元
look for 寻找 keep out 不让……进入
in the future 在未来,在将来 pay for 付款
come true (梦想)成为现实 Teen Talk 青少年论坛
go skating 去滑冰 in style 时髦的,流行的
fall in love with… 爱上 out of style 过时的
hundreds of 好几百,许许多多 all kinds of 各种,多种
be free 免费 on the one hand (在)一方面
in 100 years (用于将来时) 一百年后 on the other hand (在)另一方面
be in high school 上中学 as…as possible 尽可能…地
live alone 独自居住 =as…as sb can
go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 与…相处,进展
see sb do sth 看见某人做… have a hair cut 理发
over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼职工作
get bored 厌烦 call sb up=ring sb up 打电话给……
space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通话
electric toothbrush 电动牙刷 What’s the matter (with)? 怎么了?
computer programmer 电脑程序员 What’s wrong (with)? 怎么了?
live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 the same as… 与……同样的
(书上重要表达) complain about 抱怨……
will be… 将成为…… argue with… 与……争论
study on computer 在电脑上学习 surprise sb 使…惊奇
as a reporter 作为一名记者 borrow from… 向……借
keep a pet 养一只宠物 lend to… 把…借给…
ring the week 在一周期间 find out 发现,找出
wear a suit (uniform) 穿西装(制服) except me 除了我
at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做错事
on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多压力
predict the future 预测未来 take part in 参加
the head of a company 公司负责人 compare …with… 把…和…比较
need to do sth 需要做某事 (书上重要表达)
job interview 求职面视 enough money 足够的钱
science fiction movie 科幻电影 write sb a letter 给某人写信
just like… 就像…… a ball game 一场球赛
help with +名词 帮助做某事 talk about… 谈论…话题
make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to… 向…说对不起
It’s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很简单 have a bake sale 卖烤点
wake up 醒来 buy….for…. 为…买…
get a tutor 请家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡
be popular at school 在学校受欢迎 sleep late 睡懒觉
everyone else 其他每个人 buy a souvenir 买纪念品
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 go into=enter 进入
fail the test 考试不及格 call the police 报警
return= give back 归还 at around ten o’clock 在十点左右
have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售货员
give some advice 提建议 the Museum of Flight 飞行博物馆
busy enough 足够忙 take a photo 照相
not…until 直到……才 walk around 四处走走
nothing new 没什么新鲜的 police officer 警官
seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 车祸
push a lot more 逼得更紧 event in history 历史事件
a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈 in modern history 在现代史上
know about… 知道,了解…… everyday activity 日常活动
find it+形容词 to do sth 发现做某事很… at that time=then 在那时
think for oneself 为自己考虑 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事
plan the life 计划生活 in silence=silently 沉默地
learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 be born 出生
a bit=a little 一点 have meaning to sb 对…有意义
organized activity 有组织的活动 national hero 民族英雄
by oneself 靠某人自己
after-school club 课外俱乐部 4单元
get over 克服、恢复
3单元 sea level 海平面
come in 进来 Chinese Young Pioneer 中国少年先锋队
World Trade Center (WTC) 世界贸易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅长
as…as… 和……一样 pass on 传递
take place=happen 发生 first of all 首先
hear about 听说 report card 成绩单
take off 起飞;脱下 in good health 身体健康
get out 出去,离开 open up 打开
barber shop 理发店 be supposed to 被期待,被要求
run away 逃跑,跑掉 care for 照料,照顾
in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中
in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Ecation 教育部
walk down the street 沿着街走 be mad at=be angry at 对……很生气
an unusual experience 一次不寻常经历 not…anymore 不再…
Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场 end-of-year exam 期末考试
in space 在太空中 have a favor 帮忙
all over the world 全世界 get nervous 变得紧张
train station 火车站 disappointing result 令人失望的结果
(书上重要表达) one’s homework 抄袭作业
(书上重要表达) play party games 玩聚会游戏
have a surprise party 举行惊喜派对 study for the test 为考试复习
drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
the next day 第二天 ID card 身份证
How is it going? 一切还好吗? travel around the world 环球旅游
have a hard time with… 对…感到头痛 get an ecation 受教育
have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象……
forget to do sth 忘记做…(没做) a dream job 理想的工作
It’s right for sb to do sth 做…是正确的 all over the world 全世界
start a bad habit 养成坏习惯 make life difficult 使生活变得困难
poor mountain village 贫困山区 get injured 受伤
change one’s life 改变…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很难
the peking University 北京大学 real friend 真朋友
rural area 农村地区 in fact 事实上
make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班会
agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染发
three times a day 一日三次 past tense 过去时
school dormitory 学校校舍 watch out 留神、小心
outside world 外界
finish doing sth 完成做某事 6单元
volunteer teacher 志愿者老师 by the way 顺便说一句
mother earth 地球母亲 far (away) from… 距离…很遥远
be in danger 在危险之中 run out of 用完,用尽
more than=over 比…多;多于
5单元和1-5单元复习 be interested in… 对……感兴趣
take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奥运会
make a living 谋生 Hilltop School 山顶学校
around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 为慈善筹钱
all the time=always 总是,一直 a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
mobile phone 移动电话,手机 go native 入乡随俗
in order to… 为了…… do (try) one’s best 尽某人最大努力
let in 允许进入 go together 相配;调和
remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 让某人知道
be hurt badly 严重受伤 inline skating 纵列式溜冰
make money 挣钱 probably=maybe=perhaps 也许
look up to 尊敬 have sth done(过去分词) (请别人)做某事
charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北极熊
professional athlete 职业运动员 three and a half years 三年半
(书上重要表达)
wear jeans 穿牛仔裤 (书上重要表达)
take a bus to…… 坐公车去…… collect the stamps 集邮
help sb do sth 帮助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰马拉松
several=a few 几个 pay a big fine 赔款
be the first one to do sth 第一个做某事 throw away 扔掉
snow globe 雪球 argue about… 为……而争论
anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 卖完
start a club 建立一个俱乐部 five times the price 价格的5倍多
tell sb about… 告诉某人关于某事 (书上重要表达)
fly a kite 放风筝 do the dishes 洗碗
music video 音乐录影带 look terrible 看起来很糟糕
talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽车
Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江省 help…with(名词) 帮助某人做某事
colorful history 多彩的历史 finish the task 完成任务
European influence 欧洲风格的影响 clothing store 服装店
in Russian style 俄罗斯风格 order a hamburger 预订个汉堡包
Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售货员
western history 西方历史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟着某人转
The more…, the more… 越…,就越…… English-speaking country 说英语的国家
learn about… 学习…… social behavior 社交行为
have problem with… 在…上有问题 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用
be close to… 靠近……
7单元 in all situations 在各种场合下
no problem 没问题 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服
wait in line 排队等候 even if 即使,就算
keep…down 压低声音,使缓和 be with sb 和…在一起
pick up 捡起 It’s better to do sth 最好做某事
break the rule 违反规则 public place 公共场合
take care=be careful 当心,小心 in public 在公共场所里
put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做…
at first (反) at last, finally 首先(反)最终 see sb do(doing) sth 看见某人做…
cut in line 插队 give sb a suggestion 给某人提建议
turn down (up) 关小(开大) take the suggestion 接受建议
not at all 根本不;一点也不 drop litter 扔垃圾
Would you mind (not) doing sth 你介意(不)…吗?
Could you please (not) do sth 请(不要)…好吗 8单元
turn on/off 开(关) fall asleep 入睡,睡着
right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 赠送,分发
=at once make friends with sb 与……交朋友
at a meeting 在开会 hear of… 听说……
hair stylist 发型师,美容师 the Olympics 奥运会
get annoyed 变得气恼 the Olympic Committee 奥委会
get married 结婚 take an interest in… 对……感兴趣
get mad 变得激动 photo album 相册
get angry 变得生气 rather than… 胜于;(与其),不如
happen to sb 某人发生某事 make progress 取得进步
these days=now 现在,目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)
too…to… 太…以致于不能… get some exercise 锻炼
give up doing sth 放弃做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分钟
give…to… 给某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也没有(去)
stage manner 舞台台风 get to=reach=arrive in(at) 到达
native speaker 说本族语的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上课
learn by heart 用心记住 (书上重要表达)
look up (在书中)查询 water park 水上乐园
for a while 暂时,一会儿 space museum 太空博物馆
an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80岁的外婆 take the subway 坐地铁
China Radio International 中国国际广播电台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠
(书上重要表达) Donald Duck 唐老鸭
get sb sth=buy sth for sb 给某人买…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物
How about=what about ……怎么样? theme park 主题公园
Why don’y you do sth? 为什么不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主题
Why not do sth? (同上) walk around 四处走走
special enough 足够特别 Disney Cruise 迪士尼巡游
pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼尔的猪 take a ride 搭乘……
eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像,正如
keep a pet 养宠物 take different route 走不同线路
pay for=spend for 为……付钱 exchange student 交换生
learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 flight attendant 空中乘务员
improve English 提高英语 language school 语言学校
enter a contest 参加比赛 such as=for example 例如
as well as… 和……一样好 listening skill 听力技巧
age group 年龄组 Southeast Asia 东南亚
win the prize 赢得奖金 take a holiday 度假
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困难
have fun with… 做…很有乐趣 foreign country 外国
find out 找出,发现 ring the daytime 在白天
find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒来,唤醒某人
be awake 醒着的
9单元 natural environment 自然环境
end up 结束 It’s best to do sth 做好做某事
on board 在船上 10单元
have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 浏览
amusement park 娱乐园 come along=appear 出现,发生
tour guide 导游 get along=get on with… 相处
three quarters 四分之三 at least (反) at most 至少(反)最多
Night Safari 夜间野生动物园 have a small talk=chat 闲聊
all year around 全年,一年到头 opening question 开场白问题
roller coaster 过山车 thank-you note 感谢信
(ever) been to… 曾经去过某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街
have a wonderful time 过得愉快 show sb around 带某人参观某地
be friendly to sb 对某人友好 show the way 指路
be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困难
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易
have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去
look both side 看两边 win the game 赢得比赛
(书上重要表达) dining room 食堂、饭厅
Franklin Lake 弗兰克林湖 holiday job 假期短工
by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 复习
I hope so 但愿如此 opposite word 反义词
wait to do sth 等着做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事
baby sister=younger sister 妹妹 meet friends 会见朋友
feel like doing=want to do sth 想做某事
Ⅳ 人教版八年级重要英语单词用法
新版人教版八年级下册英语词组、短语、语法、句子总结
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、重点短语
1. have a fever 发烧
2. have a cough 咳嗽
3. have a toothache 牙疼
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. have a cold 受凉;感冒
7. have a stomachache 胃疼
8. have a sore back 背疼
9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14. take one’s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth.在……上面敷药
16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像
18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’s surprise 使....... [京讶的
28. thanks to 多亏了 ;由于
29. in time 及时
30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦
32. right away 立刻;马上
33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开;从……出萍
35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fall down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完;用尽
46. so that 以便
47. so. . . that 如此… …以至于…
48. be in control of 掌管;管理
49. in a difficult situation 在闲境屮
50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
51. make a decision 做出决定
52. take risks 冒险
53. give up 放弃
二、重点句型
1. What’ s the matter?
What’ s the matter with you?
= What’s the trouble with you?
= What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了?
2. What should she do?她该怎么办呢?
Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗?
主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..
①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。
② You shouldn’t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。
3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢?
4. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。
5. She said that the man had a heart problem and should go to the hospital
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经… 过去_
5. care for 关心;照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在......岁时
8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀
10. give out 分发;散发
11. come up with 想出;提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 试用;试行
15. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力
16. put up 建造;举起;张贴
17. hand out 分发;散发;发给
18. call up 打电话;召集
19. put off 推迟;延迟
20. for example 比如;例如
21. raise money 筹钱;募捐
22. take after 与......相像;像
23. give away 赠送;捐赠
24. fix up 修理;修补;解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立;设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响;有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目
二、重点句型
1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。
3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.每周六上午,他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
去年,她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。
5. . . . you can see in their eyes that they’ re going on a different journey with each new book.
……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。
6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。
7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money.现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。
8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.在你的帮助下,我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一、 重点短语
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. get a ride 搭车
5. work on 从事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7. clean and tid y 干净整洁
8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地
12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅
14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
16. come home fro m school/ work
放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下
18. sit down 坐下
19. come over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21. all the time 一直;总是
22. all day/evening 整曰/夜
23. do housework 做家务
24. shout back 大声回应
25. walk away 走开
26. .share the housework 分担家务
27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36. do chores 做杂务
37.help sb. (to ) do /with sth帮助某人干某事
38. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks买些小吃
40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress足够的压力
44. a waste of time浪费时间
45. in order to为了
46. get good grades取得好成绩
47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on依赖;依靠
49. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
50. look after/take care of 照顾;照看
51. do one’ s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
二、重点句型
1. Could you please…..do sth. ?
Could you please clean your room?你能整理一下你的房间吗?
2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ?
Could I use your computer?
我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。
7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth.
I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架
6. until midnight直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
8. too many太多
9. study too much学得过多
10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter给某人写信
12. call sb. up打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶
14. look through翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
16. a big deal重要的事
17. work out成功地发展;解决
18. get on with不 11睦相处;关系良:
19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架
20. hang over笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
23. so that以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
25. all the time一直
26. in future今后
27. make sb. angry使某人生气
28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. one’s homework抄袭某人的作业
30. be oneself做自己
31. family members
32. spend time alone独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure给某人施压
34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades取得更好的成绩
38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点
39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧
40. practice sports体育训练
41. cause stress造成压力
42. cut out删除
二、重点句型
1. I studied until mid night last night so I didn’t get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。
2. Why don 't you forge t about it?你为什么不忘掉它呢?
3. Although she ’ s wrong , it’s not a big deal.虽然她错了,但这并不是什么大事儿。
4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。
5. May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。
6. I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise him.我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一、重点短语
1. make sure 确信;确认
2. beat against... 拍打… …
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡;睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break.. . apart 使……分离
8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time of 当.......时候
10. go off (闹钟)发出响声
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话
14. bring... together 使……靠拢
15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过这个事件
17. by the side of the road 在路边
18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过
20. make one’s way to. ?. 在某人去……的路上
21. hear the news 听到这个消息
22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件
23., for example 例如
24., be killed 被杀害
25., over 50 5 0多(岁)
26. a school pupil 一个小学生
27. on the radio 通过广播
28., in silence 沉默;无声
29., more recently 最近地;新近
30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心
31., take down 拆除;摧毁
32., have meaning to 对……有意义
33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
34., at first 首先;最初
二、重点句型
1. — What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚8 点你在干什么?
— I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。
2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. — What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在干什么?
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.琳达在睡觉的时候,珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains
一、重点短语
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ...... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
如此… …以至于… *
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 试图做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅
8. tell the/a story 讲故事
9. put on 穿上
10. a little bit 有点儿
11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn .. . into 变成
15. get married 结婚
16. the main character 主要人物;主人公
17. at other times 在另外一些时候
18. be able to 能;会
19. come out (书、电影等)出版
20. become interested in. ? ? 对……感兴趣
21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去
22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事
23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事
26. go to sleep 去睡觉
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
28. get lost 迷路
29. change one’s plan 改变计划
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. in the moonlight 在月光下
32. find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
二、重点句型
1. W hat do youth in k about/of.. . ?
So what do youth ink about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesn’t seem adj . to do sth ..
It doesn’t seem very possible to move -a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3. This is because...
This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.
这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
… so… that+从句
Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5. It take sb. some time to do sth ..
Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6 .… not.. .. until十从句
Don’ t eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。
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其它内容,见附件。
Ⅳ 初二上英语单词用法
八年级上英语语法点滴
八年级上英语语法点滴
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有颜色)
你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围)
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:
always(总是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,经常)
sometimes(有时候)
never(从不)
2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:
Never have I been there.
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么?
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:
You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提问:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中:
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:
man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)
3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英语中的“单数”
1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如:
man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数)
3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I 名词复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名词复数的不规则变化
1.将-oo改为--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.将-man改为-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加词尾。如:
child---children
4.单复数同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词
初中阶段常见的有以下这些:
1.let→letting 让
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘记
put→putting 放
set→setting 设置
babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿
2.shop→shopping 购物
trip→tripping 绊
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放弃
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 开始
prefer→preferring 宁愿
plan→planning 计划
15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词
1.some变为any。如:
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。
2.and变为or。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already变为yet。如:
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in与after
in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。
1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周后他会动身去北京。
2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如:
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周后他动身去了北京。
不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十点后我们会完成工作的。
3.注意区分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周后我会去拜访他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周内我会去拜访他两次。
17) 不定冠词a与an的使用
1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book".
单词book中有个字母b。
类似的字母还有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
单词onion中有个字母i。
类似的字母还有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨伞吗?
3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?
英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:
1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:
Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:
John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)
a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢?
1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
还可以接形容词。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:
It's a bit cold. 有点冷。
a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。
4. a little 表肯定意义,little 表否定意义;a few 表肯定意义,few 表否定意义。如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。
Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。
5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词,意为“有点儿”。
20) 关于like的用法
like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。
1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。如:
Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗?
like 后可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接动词的-ing分词(like doing sth),有时意思不尽相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。(习惯)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。(平常不喜欢吃)
like 与 would 连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗?
“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如:
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介词,可译成“像......”。如:
She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好,就像母亲一样。
It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。
3、区分以下句子:
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句译为“他长相如何?”指一个人的外貌特征;而B句译为“他人怎么样?”指人的性格特点。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事”。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:
The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。
与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做某事(与刚才一事不同)”和 go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。
They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。
参考资料:http://www.shulihua.net/czyyu/ShowSearch.asp?Field=Title&Keyword=八年级上&ClassID=0&SpecialID=0
Ⅵ 英语 常用词汇的用法(初二)
英语常用词汇常用用法
A
about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。
about 系常用词, 如:
look about 四处看。
around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各处旅行
round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。
另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
above all;after all;at all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
add; add to; add…to; add up to
add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如:
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。
After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。
add to意为“增添,增加,增进”。如:
The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如:
Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。
add up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态。如:
All his school ecation added up to no more than one year. 他的学校教育加起来不过一年。
affair; thing; matter; business
affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。
thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。
matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
business作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
a great deal; a great deal of
a great deal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如:
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。
We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我们比以前聪明多了。
a great deal of意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如:
A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project.
大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。
agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:
They have a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:
He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
agree that作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如:
I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
allow;let 二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.结构中。
although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:
Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:
Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:
Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:
They said they would come; they did not, though. 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能说even although或as although。例如:
I believe you are on ty—even though you’re in plain clothes. 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。
among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。
例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。
argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思。
argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。
debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed. 他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论。
argue;quarrel;discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如:
We heard them arguing in the other room.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如:
We argued with them about this problem for a long time.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如:
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如:
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。
as (so) far as; as (so) long as
as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
There is nothing that we can’t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it.
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。
asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。
如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋
assert,affirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。
A.Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening.
B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people’s health.
C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence.
Answers:A.affirmed B.assert C.maintained
as though;even though;though
as though(=as if),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:
He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。
even though(=even if),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:
He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。
He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。
at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning 在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 学生们在开学初制定学习计划。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。
attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻击"的意思。
attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。
assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。
charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。
beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如:
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。
at the age of/by the age of at the age of表示“在……岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如:
At the age of six,he began to learn English.他六岁的时候开始学英语。
She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。
by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如:
By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car.到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车。
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen.
到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2000多个英语单词。
at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。
有时,at the time的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如:
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989?
1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?
It happened at the time of King Alfred. 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。
at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time
(=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.
at one time=ring a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:
They used to be good friends at one time. 他们曾经是好朋友。
at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:
Don’t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。
at ... speed / with ... speed
at the speed of或者at ... speed,意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如:
Our car was running with all speed on the expressway. 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. 长征二号火箭以每秒钟11.2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。
Ⅶ 初中英语单词,句子意思及用法
the
other
表示两者里的来另一个,源
the
others
表示不定范围内的别的一些,
other
表示不定代词,要加名词,
others
表示不定范围内的其他的
问外貌是:How
does
he
look
like?
问性格:What
is
his
character?
第一个是疑问词加不定代词
第二个是不知道额
Ⅷ 初二上册英语单词的用法 初二上册英语单词的用法讲解
初二上册抄英语单词讲袭解,作为一个上网的过路的人,我看到了这个问题刚好我又知道好的书那么我就告诉你们吧.就拿一个good来说吧,good adj.好的;令人满意的;美好的,有益的.可用于形容人或者事物;一般放在名词前,或用于am,is,are之后.ex:a good friend好朋友.这个是我在直播课堂的书上看到的,反正这本书的单词讲解是非常仔细的.上边的单词解释一个一个来的.非常好的哦,非常仔细的.