英语中表示倍数的单词和句型
㈠ 英语中表达倍数的三个常用句型和例句
语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,他们是容易译错的难点之一。为什么呢?主要是因为英汉两语存在语言与思维差异,汉语句式少,英语句式多,它的英汉表达在语言形式、逻辑意念和数值三者完全吻合的对应句很少。
因此,在翻译的时候容易产生分歧。首先,“n times+adj比较级+than”和“n times+as+adj原级+as”两种句型的理解和译法争议极大,有的学者认为两种句型应该都翻译成净增(n-1)倍,而有的却认为前者应译成净增n 倍,后者应译成净增(n-1)倍。到底那一种翻译才是正确的?
Evans认为:The word times may be used in comparing a large thing with a small one,as in it is three times as large and it is three times larger. The first form is perfectly clear but the second is ambiguous. It means to some people three times as large and to other four times as large. For this reason,it should be avoided.(1975:514)但是Randolph Quick却对这个句型有着截然不同的看法。他认为:Count as many…as noncount as much… as are equivalent to more… than when they are premodified by a times---phrase.(1985:1139)。我们不妨看一下下面这些科技概念的翻译。
(例1):Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead. 声音在铜中传播的速度几乎比在铅中快三倍.
温度为20℃时,声音在铜中的传播速度是:纵波3600米/秒,横波为2250米/秒;在铅中的传播速度是:纵波1230米秒,横波720米/秒。因此,议成“比…快3倍”显然是误译,应是“比…快2倍”或者“是…的3倍”。
(例2):Asia is 4 times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大4倍。
众所周知,亚洲的面积是4,400万平方公里,欧洲的面积是1,016万平方公里,4400÷1016≈4,因此亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍,而不是原译中的大四倍。
从上可见,在英语倍数表达示的数量概念上,倍数都包括基数。因此,“n times+adj比较级+than”和“n times+as+adj原级+as”这两种句型都应该翻译成“是……的n倍”,或“比……大(n-1)倍”。而认为“n times more…”句型中n应为净增数显然是受到了Evans的影响。
㈡ fun 和 funny 的区别 英语中倍数的表达句型
fun是名词,比如have
fun
funny是形容词,比如,you
are
so
funny.
倍数的表达方法1.
表示“几倍大小(长短;数量)”,由“倍数+
the
size(length,amount……)”结构组成。
例如:
The
earth
is
forth-nine
times
the
size
of
the
moon.
地球是月亮的49倍大。
2.
表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词(副词)比较级”结构组成。
例如:
This
box
is
three
times
bigger
than
that
one.
这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。
The
grain
output
is
8
percent
higher
this
year
than
that
of
last
year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
3.
表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+
as
+形容词+
as
+”结构组成。
例如:
Our
factory
is
twice
as
big
as
theirs.
我们的工厂是他们的三倍。
I
have
three
times
as
many
as
you.
我有你三倍那么多。
[注]
一倍用once,两倍用
twice。
4、还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍。
The
proction
of
grain
has
been
increased
by
four
times
this
year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
㈢ 英语中关于倍数的句型有哪些 求解
倍数的基本表达方法有三种:
1.three times larger(比较级) than
This room is three times larger than that one.
2.three times the size(名词) of that one
This room is three times the size of that one.
3.tree times as large(原级)as
This room is three times as large as that one.
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㈣ 表示倍数的英语句型
①倍数+as+形容词或副抄词原级+as。如:
This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
②倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如:
This bridge is three times longer than that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
③倍数+the size / length / weight...+ of+比较对象。如:
This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
④倍数+what引导的从句。如:
The college is twice what it was 5 years ago. 这所大学是它五年前的两倍大。
㈤ 英语中倍数表达的方式总结
倍数减少:
(一)a is n times as small (light,slow,…)as b.
a is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than b.
以上两句均应译为:a的大小(重量,速度,……)是b的1/n[或a比b小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。
e.g. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。
e.g. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。
注:当相比的对象b很明显时,than/as b常被省去。
(二)decrease n times/n--fold
decrease by n times
decrease by a factor of n
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。
decrease常被rece,shorten,go/slow down等词替代。
e.g. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。
e.g. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。
e.g. The equipment reced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了4/5。
(三)there is a n-fold decrease/rection…应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。
这个句型还有其它一些形式:
e.g. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到1/7。
e.g. The principal advantage of the procts is a two-fold rection in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。
英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍。
倍数增加:
A is N times as great(long, much,…)as B. (①)
A is N times greater (longer, more,…)than B. (②)
A is N times the size (length, amount,…)of B. (③)
以上三句都应译为:A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的N倍.
e.g. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than/three times the length of)that one.
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than (as,of) B常被省去。
increase to n times(④)
increase n times/n-fold(⑤)
increase by n times(⑥)
increase by a factor of n(⑦)
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍 (或:增加n-1倍)。
e.g. The proction of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。
e.g. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。
e.g. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. 那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。
e.g. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。
There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:
e.g. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。
(四) double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨)
e.g. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。
(五) 此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩)
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B.
(= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.)(11)
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。
英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加
A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。
(二)increase to n times(④) increase n times/n-fold(⑤) increase by n times(⑥) increase by a factor of n(⑦) 以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 Eg. The proction of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. 那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。
(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) 应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。
(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. 这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。
(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) 应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. 【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) 应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 倍数减少
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) 以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。
(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) decrease by n times(15) decrease by a factor of n(16) 以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 decrease常被rece, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。Eg. The equipment reced the error probability by a factor of 5. 该设备误差概率降低了4/5。
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/rection… 应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) 这个句型还有其它一些形式, Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到1/7。 Eg. The principal advantage of the procts is a two-fold rection in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。 从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”。
用英语表达"A 是 B 的 N 倍长(宽,高,大,重等)","A 比 B 长(宽,高,大,重等)N 倍" 或"A 的长度(宽度,高度,大小,重量等)是 B 的 N 倍",可用下列几种句型。1."A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级 + as + B". This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。 His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。 2."A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B " The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 长江差不多比珠江长两倍。 The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。 3."A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B " The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 4."The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B " The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one. 新扩建的广场为以前的四倍大。 5.其它 I'm twice/ double his age. 我的年龄是他的两倍。 I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp. 我出了5倍于往常的价格买这枚邮票。 The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year. 与去年相比,该单位职工的收入增加了50%. The price of TVs are twofold( adj. 两部分的, 双重的) down over these years. 近几年来,电视机的价格下降了两倍。
㈥ 表示英语倍数的句型
1.A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量制形容词原级 + as + B
2.A + be + 倍数 + 计量形容词比较级 + than + B
3.A + be + 倍数 + the + 计量名词 + of + B
4.The + 计量名词 + of + A + be + 倍数 + that + of + B
㈦ 英语表示倍数的三种句型是什么
英语倍数表示主要三种句式。
1 、倍数 + 比较级 ...
● 倍数 as...as ( 意思是 “A 是 B 的几倍 ” 。 )
I am twice as old as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍。
She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。
●倍数 + 比较级 ( 意思是: A 是 B 的几倍 )
This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。
It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。
在比较级 前,还可以用 over , more than 等表示 “ 比 …… 倍还要多 ” 。例如: He is more than three times as rich as I. 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。
2 、倍数 +the 度量词 of...
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。
●使用 more...than 比较级的例句: He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比 十年前挣的多 5 倍。
●比较级也可使用分数、小数等数字。
例如: The box is one-third bigger than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之 一。
Last year the output value of instry was 59 percent higher than that of 1976. 去年工业产值比 1976 年增长了 59 %。
3 、其它表示法
(1) 英语中有些词表示特定的倍数,例: twice, double ( 两倍 ), triple ( 三倍 ), fourfold ( 四倍 ) 等数。
The top-brand clothes are often sold as double the normal price here. 售价 经常比正常的售价高一倍。
(2) 使用 by, to 等。
Compared with last year , our coal output has increased by three times. 与去年相比,我们的煤产量增长了 3 倍。 ( 使用 by...)
The proction of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。
㈧ 英语中关于倍数有几种表达方法
大概有三种。