英语四级动词分词

㈠ 英语四级考试长句子题如何应对

1、 主语拉长
一般来讲，汉语主语比较简短。相比之下，英语中主语一旦拉长，就会增加读者的理解难度。
解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破
2、 分词短语打头，句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式
分词短语（包括现在分词和过去分词）做状语，这一句式比较常见，读者阅读时由于要区分短语和主语之间的逻辑关系，所以理解上有难度。并且分词短语本身往往由于掺入了插入语成分，理解上就更为困难。
解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。
3、 多个谓语动词连用
简单句之所以简单是因为成分单一便于读者理解。而四级阅读理解中，出题人为增加阅读难度，就会把几个谓语动词放在一个句子当中。但是无论局势如何变化，英语句子本身就犹如一棵大树，只能有一个主干起支撑作用，其他起辅助作用。
解决方法：遇到多个谓语动词连用情况要分清主句谓语动词和从句的谓语动词。剔除细枝末节之后，句子也就好理解了。
4、举例作为插入语（显著词such as; for example; including etc.）
插入语主要起补充或说明的作用，我们在进行快速阅读的时候通常会把它省略，即忽略不看。但是，笔者在这里要提出的一点是，如果根据文章问题回原文定位句子时，如果定位的关键句子包含了以上插入语中的任何一种形式，则答案往往就在此处。
5、并列句连用使得句子变长（主谓宾都可以并列）
并列句是四级阅读理解中的主要句式。出题人会把几个成分相同的并列句子，通过剔除多余成分从而使其合并为一个很长的句子
解决方法：破解这样句子的关键是要弄清楚两个句子的逻辑关系，补全成分后重新还原为几个单独的句子即可。
6、多重复合句叠加
所谓多重复合句叠加，就是说一个长句子当中可能包含了好几种句式（并列的定语从句、状语从句、介词短语等等）。
解决方法：分清主从句，理清句子逻辑关系至关重要。通常采用图表法。

㈡ 四级英语题,关于现在分词和过去分词

heated的意思是激烈的 它只是一个修饰discussion的形容词．concerning how to slove this problem.是一个现在分词短语，做discussion的后置定语．这句话的意思是：我们进行了一个关于如何解决这个问题的激烈讨论．

㈢ 求一份大学英语四级不规则动词--过去时--过去分词表。

不规则动词表

A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 让
put put put 放下
read read read 读
hurt hurt hurt 伤
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来
become became become 变
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome征服，打败，克服
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花费
（3)
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 说
(4)
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 战斗
think thought thought 想
(5)
sleep slept slept 睡
feel felt felt 觉得
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 扫
(6)
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
(7)
win won won 得胜
(8)
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
(9)
find found found 发现
get got got 得到
hold held held 盛，握
leave left left 离开
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇见
shoot shot shot 射击
dig g g 挖
(10)
shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻
shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光
（11)
tell told told 告诉
sell sold sold 卖
(12)
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 给
freeze froze frozen 冻结
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看见
write wrote written 写
ride rode ridden 骑
drive drove driven 驾驶
throw threw thrown 抛，扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉，绘画
show showed shown 展示
（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
speak spoke spoken 说话
break broke broken 破碎，折断
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
begin began begun 开始
ring rang rung 按铃
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 饮
（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
be(am, is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿

不规则动词巧记法

对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将初中英语教学大纲中的69个不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。同学们还可将第二、三类分为若干组，以便准确记忆。
一、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
let let let
put put put
read read read
二、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
dig g g
feel felt felt
find found found
get got got
have had had
hear heard heard
hold held held
keep kept kept
learn learnt learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
make made made
meet met met
pay paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shine shone shone
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt smelt
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
understand understood understood
三、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：
be was were
begin began begun
blow blew blown
break broke broken
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
gove gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
know knew known
lie lay lain
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
see saw seen
show showed shown
sing sang sung
speak spoke spoken
swim swan swum
take took taken
throw threw thrown
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
write wrote written
四、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）：
become became become
come came come
五、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）：
beat beat beaten
（注：带※号的词也可视为规则动词。）
．不规则动词的词形变化
定义 动词由原形转变为过去式和过去分词时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词（Irregular Verbs）。
现代英语新生成的动词都归入“-ed”的规则变化，例如：
park→parked （停车——1864）
fax→faxed （以传真传送——1979）
e-mail→e-mailed （以电脑网络传送——1982）
（所附年次为最早用例出现年次——O.E.D.）
因此，不规则动词可以说都是古英语动词的不规则变化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我们今天在学习英语时绝对无法，也不可能规避这些不规则动词。
从英语的演变来看，不规则动词就是强势动词（Strong Verbs）——即其词形变化全依其本身之语音（尤其是元音）变化来进行而不借助词尾的变化。例如：
原形： buy sing speak
过去式： bought sang spoke
过去分词： bought sung spoken
而每一型式的变化都有其类群，例如：
buy bought bought （买）
bring brought brought （带来）
fight fought fought （作战）
think thought thought （想）
sing sang sung （唱）
drink drank drunk （喝）
swim swam swum （游泳）
begin began begun （开始）
speak spoke spoken （说）
break broke broken （打破）
steal stole stolen （偷）
freeze froze frozen （冷冻）
因此我们学习不规则动词的时候，最有效的方法就是要针对这种词形变化的现象，了解其变化的型式，发出声音背念，使其能自然地隔入我们的speaking和writing，这样才能说确实地把不规则动词学会了。
注：与强势动词相对，须借助“-ed”之词尾来进行词形变化的规则动词就叫做弱势动词（Weak Verbs）。

不规则动词的类别

每个学习英语的人都会在不同阶段或多或少碰到不规则动词所带来的麻烦，特别是在形态拼写方面。
不规则动词里是不是杂乱无序的动词呢？当然不是；实际上是乱中有序、有条不紊的。
首先，不规则动词是针对规则动词而言。
大家知道，规则动词（regular verbs）的过去式（the past form）和过去分词（the past
participle）都一样的要加上“ -ed/-d”，如：
①a. Jason worked until five o'clock（过去式）
b. Have you worked late?（过去分词）
②a. Xiao Lin decided to go abroad（过去式）
b. Has his wife decided to join him ?（过去分词）
不规则动词则不然；它们的过去式和过去分词并不一致，学习时要集中精神，加以辨别，才可避免错误。
语法学家根据动词“原形、过去式、过去分词”三形式上的变化，把不规则动词划分为下列类别：
一 三种形式都相同
第一类的包括下列这些常见动词：
① cut-cut-cut ; ② hurt-hurt-hurt ; ③ put-put-put; ④ shut-shut-shut; ⑤
cost-cost-cost; ⑥burst-burst-burst; ⑦ hit-hit-hit; ⑧ cast-cast-cast; ⑨
set-set-set; ⑩ let-let-let。
例如：
⑴a. Don't go on blowing the balloon! It will burst.
b. One of his car tyres had a nail and it burst.
c. The dog has burst free and ran away.
二 其中两种形式相同
第二类可分为十一小类；下面是其中常见的四种：
① bind-bound-bound; find-found-found
② bring-brought-brought;
think-thought-thought
③ dig-g-g; strike-struck-struck
④ bend-bent-bent; build-built-built
例如：
⑵a. You have to bend your head when you bow.
b The mechanic bent the wire and broke it.
c. Here come the woman bent down with age.
三 三种形式都不同
第三类可再分为八小类，如下：
① take-took-taken; shake-shook-shaken
② hide-hid-hidden; bite-bit-bitten
③ tear-tore-torn; bear-bore-born/ borne
④ choose-chose-chosen;
speak-spoke-spoken
⑤ know-knew-known; blow-blew-blown
⑥ write-wrote-written; drive-drove-driven
⑦ drink-drank-drunk; begin-began-begun
⑧ show-showed-showed/shown;
swell-swelled/swollen
例如：
⑶a. Can you write down your name?
b. I wrote it there, didn't I?
c. Have you written to John, who is now in New York?
上述例子证明不规则动词的确比规则动词麻烦得多。莫怪有人说，英语动词是所有词类中，最难应付的一种。这话很中肯，毫不夸张。幸好，不规则动词也有迹可寻；就让我们“步步追踪”吧！
不规则变化动词的过去式：： (第二册第七课)Q & A 集锦康轩版相关课程翰林版相关课程
除了 be 外，动词中，其过去式呈不规则变化者，从第一册到本课，计有：
原形动词-过去式 原形动词-过去式
do-did draw-drew
drive-drove cut-cut
come-came eat-ate
fight-fought find-found
get-got give-gave
go-went have-had
hide-hid make-made
put-put read-read [rεd]
ring-rang run-run
say-said see-saw
shine-shone sing-sang
speak-spoke swim-swam
take-took tell-told
write-wrote feel-felt
hear-heard
这种不规则变化动词，因为是呈现不规则变化，故只能看到一个就记一个，无其他办法，但重要的是，要背得滚瓜烂熟。
比较特殊的是，have和has的过去式，均是had，但仍以have为其「原形动词」；do和does亦同，它们的过去式均为did，但仍以do为其「原形动词」。又read的过去式也是read，只是读法不同罢了。
须视句中意思，才能决定是否为过去时间者：有些时间，到底是属於「现在」，还是「过去」，或者是「未来」，须得看上下文来决定。
today（今天）
this morning/afternoon/evening（今天早上/下午/晚上）
如：
我今天早上八点来的。（显然是指已发生过的事。）——过去
我今天早上八点才会去。 （句中意思可见还没去。）——未来
过去式一般动词的否定句、疑问句和简答句的形成：
在谈这个主题之前，先来复习第一册第四、七课和第一册第八课所学过的：
否定句：
I have a dog. → I don't have a dog.
They have ten cards. → They don't have ten cards.
She loves cats. → She doesn't love cats. (注意love的变化——恢复为原形)
疑问句：
I have a dog. → Do you have a dog?
They have ten cards. → Do they have ten cards?
She loves cats. → Does she love cats? (注意love的变化——恢复为原形)
想想看：do/does 的过去式为 did，而 did 和 do/does 一样，均为助动词，故其后的动词须注意什麼变化？（参考前述的例句）
所以若是像这样的过去式动词的否定句变化，就会如下列例句：
否定句：
1. Mary wrote her homework last Sunday. → Mary didn't writeher homework
last Sunday.
2. Mr. Wang drove his car to the park. → Mr. Wang didn't drive his car to
the park.
3. Tom made the wish last year. → Tom didn't make the wish last year.
4. The students saw some dogs at school yesterday.
→ The students didn't see some dogs at school yesterday.
想想看：在现在式中，助动词的使用有分人称，而分别使用 do/does；从以上的例句中，请问过去式助动词 did
的使用，是否也因人称的不同，而使用不同的过去式助动词？
疑问句：在对照现在式中使用 do/does，及在过去式中使用 did 等助动词，形成否定句的用法，你是否可以将下列各过去式的句子，改为疑问句呢？
5. Mary went to the park by bicycle.
6. Mr. Wang took the MRT to school.
7. Tom made the wish last year.
8. The students saw some dogs at school yesterday.
9. We got the umbrella this morning.
简答句：你做对了吗？其实过去式的否定句和疑问句的写法，比现在式要简单得多，因为它根本无须考虑到人称的问题。依此推想，则你是否可写出上述五句的
Yes/No 的简答句了呢？
10.Yes,No,
11.Yes,No,
12.Yes,No,
13.Yes,No,
14.Yes,No,
▲在此要特别提出说明的是 do 的用法，因 do 有两个意义，当动词用时解释为「做」，另也可当作「助动词」使用，故在做句型变化时，常见有错误的现象：
4. He did his housework yesterday.（他昨天做了家事。）—— did 是动词。
5. Did he do his housework yesterday?（他昨天有做家事吗？）
—— did 是助动词，原动词则因助动词 did 的关系，恢复为原形动词。
6. He didn't do his housework yesterday.（他昨天没有做家事。）
—— didn't 是助动词 did 和 not 的缩写，原动词则因助动词 did 的关系，恢复为原形动词。
想想看：试将底下的句子翻译成英文。
1. 那些学生昨天并没有在学校游泳。
2. 上周四 Jack 教他的弟弟英语。
3. 今天下午 Coco 开车去台北吗？
4. 我今天早餐喝牛乳。
5. Jimmy 没有在早上六点起床过
初中英语不规则动词表：
1.am/is/are—was/were---been
2.become-became-become
3.begin-began-begun
4.break-broke-broken
5.bring-brought-brought
6.buy-bought-bought
7.teach-taught-taught
8.think-thought-thought
9.catch-caught-caught
10.cut-cut-cut
11.build-built-built
12.choose-chose-chosen
13.come-came-come
14.cost-cost-cost
15.do-did-done
16.draw-drew-drawn
17.drink-drank-drunk
18.drive-drove-driven
19.eat-ate-eaten
20.fall-fell-fallen
21.feel-felt-felt
22.find-found-found
23.fly-flew-flown
24.forget-forgot-forgotten
25.get-got-got
26.give-gave-given
27.go-went-gone
28.grow-grew-grown
29.have/has-had-had
30.hear-heard-heard
31.learn-learnt-learnt
32.learn-learned-learned
33.hide-hid-hidden
34.hit-hit-hit
35.hold-held-held
36.hurt-hurt-hurt
37.keep-kept-kept
38.know-knew-known
39.leave-left-left
40.lend-lent-lent
41.let-let-let
42.put-put-put
43.lie-lay-lain
44.lose-lost-lost
45.make-made-made
46.take-took-taken
47wake-woke-woken
48.mistake-mistook-mistaken
49.read-read-read
50.ride-rode-ridden
51.ring-rang-rung
52.sing-sang-sung
53.run-ran-run
54.say-said-said
55.mean-meant-meant
56.meet-met-met
57.ride-rode-ridden
58.write-wrote-written
59.see-saw-seen
60.sell-sold-sold
61.send-sent-sent
62.show-showed-shown
63.sink-sank-sunk
64.sit-sat-sat
65.sleep-slept-slept
66.keep-kept-kept
67.smell-smelt-smelt
68.speak-spoke-spoken
69.spend-spent-spent
70.stand-stood-stood
71.understand-understood-understood
72.steal-stole-stolen
73.swim-swam-swum
74.tell-told-told
75.throw-threw-thrown
76.wear-wore-worn
77.win-won-won
78.can-could
79.may-might
80.shall-should
81.will-would
82.prefer-preferred-preferred

㈣ 奇怪的四级英语句子~

这终语法现象称作独立主格结构，其结构是“主格 + 补足语”。这种结构是用来作状语的，其语法功能与分词短语作状语基本相同，只不过分词短语可以用作时间、原因、条件和伴随方式状语，而其他形式的独立主格一般只表示伴随方式。
1. 关于独立主格
由于该结构是用来作主要句子的附加成分的，但是补足语却与句子的主语没有关系，而是与另加的“主格（名词或代词）”是密不可分的，因为这个主格独立于句子的主语而存在，因此称作独立主格，其中代表主格的名词或代词是其后补足语的逻辑主语。
2. 关于补足语
独立主格结构中补足语可以由下列词语充当：
* 分词短语，如：
He made a speech at the meeting, the others paying no attention to what he was saying.他在会上发言，其他人每人注意他正在说什么。
（= He made a speech at the meeting, while the others paid no attention to what he wan saying）
* 形容词短语，如：
We looked down the hill, the trees green everywhere. 我们向山下看去，树木一片郁郁葱葱。
（= We looked down the hill and the trees were green everywhere.）
* 介词短语，如：
The woman came in, a dog after her. 那个女人走了进来，身后跟了一只狗。
（The woman came in and a dog was after her.）
* 名词短语，如本题：
Those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. 那些被抓捕的人根本就不是什么恐怖分子，他们大多数是来自中部地区或南美洲的非法移民。年
（= ... and most of them were illegal immigrants from Central or South America.）