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中学英语写作例讲

发布时间: 2021-02-12 21:55:55

1. 初中英语演讲作文3篇,不要太长的

英语写作要求有一定量的词汇,没有词汇就好比巧妇无米难以下厨。写作时可能出现要写的词记不起来、要用的词拿不准、尤其是遇到同义词、更不知用哪一个好、或词性没记住,结果乱用……. 这都说明平时对单词的记忆不够牢固,理解不清。这就要求我们在记单词的时候多花点力气,要从单词的音、形、义入手,最好不要单独记忆单词,这样容易遗忘,要把它放在句子或文章中一起记忆,这样可把握单词的词义、用法、搭配等词汇特点。除了课本上的词汇必须掌握外,还要进行广泛的课外阅读,来增加词汇。

二、掌握语法

英语中虽有很多句子与汉语相似或相同,但语法与汉语不尽相同,它有自己的基本句型固定搭配、固定短语等。要想写好作文,必须学好语法。英语中有五种基本句型结构,几乎所有的英语句型都是五种句型的扩大、延伸或变化,因此,应牢记这五种基本句型,并不断地练习运用。

1. S +V

2. S+V+O

3. S+V+O+O

4. S+V+P

5. S+V+O+C

这五种句型虽能表达一定的意思,但无法比较自由地表达思想,因此还需对学生进一步进行扩句训练,在课堂上充分发挥学生的想象力,进行扩句练习。其次,要加强句型教学,要对一些句子进行分析,增强他们利用各种句子进行一意多种表达的训练。再次,充分利用新教材中“巩固语言练习”对学生进行基本语感的训练。

三、背诵范文

古人说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也会吟”。背诵范文是中国人学习语言的传统方法,它不但可以加强记忆、积累语言材料,而且可以定型语式句式,语套模式和行文模式,将背诵用于英语学习更是见效。因为一种语言的具体句子和语篇是无限的,而其结构模式则是有限的。掌握一个结构模式或行文模式就意味着具有生成无数语气和语篇的能力。语言模式的作用类似于数学公式,非常重要。而经典的语言模式则存在于范文之中,所以要熟读背诵。

四、以说促写

说话是作文的先导,是作文的起步。俗话说:“只有出口成章,才能下笔成文”。在教学过程中,教师可有意识地让学生用词造句,由词生文练习。由易到难,循序渐进地让学生说。

可以把现实生活搬进课堂,模拟生活中的各种人物、情景,让学生在真情实感的角色扮演中

进行口语交际。让学生把生活中的人物通过语言、动作、心理活动表演出来,让学生自由发挥,畅所欲言。也可以通过演讲培养口头作文能力,并引导学生把“说”和“写”联系起来,这样说说写写,写写说说,不仅提高了口语表达能力,而且通过说话过程中对口头语言的叙述,提高了书面语言表达能力,使学生写作能做到中心明确,条理清楚。

五、勤于动笔

适当地进行写作练习是不可缺少的,如果光大谈写作,而从不去动笔写,是写不出好作文的,所谓的熟能生巧就是说的这一点。可以让学生采用写日记的方法来提高自己的表达能力,也可以就不同的题材,自拟题目来写或者就某篇课文来扩写、缩写、改写等,这些都可以用来练练手笔。也可以要求学生随读、随学、随写,读有所得,学以致用。

六、写作步骤

1. 审题

在动笔之前,必须认真审题,分析命题意图。根据题目确定文章体裁,考虑文章内容,把与题目有关的材料分析,整理加以取舍。对属于同一类材料的拟出标题,作文审题在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败。有的考生唯恐时间不够,急于成文,不认真审题,结果写出的文章不是离题太远,与原命题大相径庭,就是抓不住重点,杂乱无章,缺乏逻辑性与关联。

2. 列题纲

审明了题义,了解了命题的意图,接下来就是列提纲。提纲有两种形式,即标题式和句式。标题式提纲就是用短语和词组列出文章的层次和段落以及各层次、各段落的大致顺序。这种提纲的特点是简洁、清楚。句式提纲是用完整的句子列出的提纲,这种提纲提供了更加详尽的轮廓。列提纲时,应防止两种形式的混用,句式提纲是句子,而标题式提纲是名词词组。列提纲时要尽量使用平行结构,编号要统一。有了提纲,文章在材料安排上才会层次分明,整体性强。

3. 起草稿

审明了题意,列出了提纲,下一步就是应该分段写作。每段应该只有一个中心,段落的结构要完整。自然段多以该段的主题句开头、中间展开说明和叙述,末句常是结论或内容的归纳。在推展主题目时,要充分利用学到的写句子、写段落的技巧,注意句与句、段与段的衔接和过渡。注意段落的完整性和连贯性。为了使文章紧凑,全文最好一气呵成。

4. 修改

修改是写好文章必不可少的一环。修改是指初稿完成后对文章从内容,形式到语言等进行加工提高,通过修改使文章达到主题明确,内容翔实、结构严谨,语法正确,无拼写和标点错误。

5. 校阅

修改后的文章要认真抄写一遍。誊写时要注意:标题写在第一行的中央,除介词,连词、冠词外,标题中每一个实词都应大写。标题除了疑问句或感叹句外,标题不加标点,即使是一个完整的句子,也不加句号;注意段落首缩进3-4个字母;书写要工整,规范,卷面要整洁,词与词之间要有2-3个字母的间隔 ;抄写完之后,一定要检查一遍。校阅要逐字逐段进行,注意检查语法错误,拼写错误、标点和大小写等方面的错误。花两分钟检查一遍,往往能增强文章的效果、提高考试成绩。
作文不理想的原因很多,总的看来主要有以下几个方面的问题:
第一、英语底子太薄。底子太薄主要表现为对语法知识掌握不牢及对基本词汇记忆不清。它包括定冠词和不定冠词的滥用,主谓不一致,单复数搞不清楚(例如:a people等),时态和语态混乱及词语的各种形式掌握不牢。有的学生文章写得很长,字迹也很工整,但是读完之后只觉得思路紊乱,支离破碎,没有一个完整的句子,所以也就只能得两三分以慰劳苦。
第二、词汇量太小,且对已学词汇记忆不清。除了底子太薄这个历史原因之外,学生词汇量太小也是一个不容忽视的原因。有的学生汉语功底很好,用汉语作文,他们就会思如泉涌,下笔千言,但是一到用英语作文就好像被缚住了手脚,不知如何下手。比如99年1月的作文,题目是”Don't Hesitate to Say No”, 大部分学生能够领会题意并能按给出的汉语提纲作文,但有的学生连Hesitate是什么意思都不知道,更不用说在此基础上再作发挥了。另外有的学生虽然对题目及要求非常清楚,但是因为自己所掌握的词汇所限,无法用一些合适的词来表达自己的思想,于是只有绕着题目翻来覆去乱说一气,再加上这次出的作文提纲就象一道绕口令:
1、 别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”;
2、 为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”;
3、 该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。
所以在说过一个又一个的”No”再加几个”Yes”之后,阅卷老师也给搞得云里雾里,头脑发胀,最后也只得酌情给个两三分罢了。还有的一写到纸上就是错字别字满篇,有些词汇的用法也走了样。其中最典型的就是for example写成example for , for instance写成for a instance, illegal 写成unlegle, 而such as, in spite of 等许多短语则是乱用一气。词汇的有限导致许多学生有口难言,欲说不能,对他们来说,用英语作文实在是一件很头疼的事情。
第三、缺乏思想,深度不够。99年1月的考试中很大一部分学生不能得高分还有一个重要的原因,就是他们的作文缺乏思想,深度不够。很多学生虽然本科毕业,但是他们在作文当中所表现出的智力水平与阅历似乎只相当于一个高中生。写出的文章着眼点低,视野狭窄。作为学生,作文着眼于学生之间的关系,反映学生之间的帮忙,这并不为过,但是这种帮忙不能仅仅限于在考试当中的帮忙,而且对这种帮忙都是一句话 ”Don't hesitate to say 'No'”。更有相当一部分学生在文章中写帮忙就是这一次考试当中的帮忙。与在校考生比较起来,社会考生应该多了许多社会阅历,也多了一些见解,但是举出来的例子也是范围太窄,大多是讲老板或领导让干的事只能答 ”Yes”而不能回答 ”No”。其实除了这些,可举的例子很多,关键是要抓住实质。
第四、缺乏应试技巧。缺乏应试技巧,主要表现为有些学生在篇首或篇尾有喊口号倾向(如Dear Friends, let's not hesitate to say”No”),或画蛇添足,本来文章该结束了却偏要罗罗嗦嗦再来两句多余的话;另外一些学生字数把握不准,不是写得太短就是写得太长,写得太短的会因为字数不够而失分,太长的又因为阅卷老师任务繁重,时间窘迫,不能因为一篇文章乱了整个阅卷节奏。还有一些学生的笔迹(尤其是用纯蓝墨水钢笔和出水太浅的圆珠笔写的),让阅卷老师怎么也看不清楚。
以上是英语考试中常见的几个问题,更是我们平时英语作文当中应该注意的几个方面。要写好一篇英语文章,关键要在平时下功夫,打好牢固的基础,但是如果这一功夫在使用的时候不讲技巧,不但不能事半功倍地发挥出最高技巧,取得最佳成绩,甚至可能出现与实际水平相去甚远的低成绩。因此,上面讲到的四个问题应该是相辅相成,缺一不可的,做到了这几点,写出一篇好的英语作文应该是不难的。
知道原因了就知道怎么提高英语作文水平了,希望对你有帮助!

2. 初中英语写作课的讲法

初三英语写作公开课课教学设计

课型:专题复习课
教学内容:初三英语书面表达专题复习
教学目标: 1.指导学生掌握书面表达语篇结构的组织技巧。
2.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
3.培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲的能力。
4. 指导学生小组合作评改学生习作。
教学重点: 1.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
2. 培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲及扩展成文的能力
教学难点:1.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
2. 培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲及扩展成文的能力讨论法
教学方法:自主学习,合作学习
教学辅助手段:电脑(或实物投影仪)

学情分析:
1. 书面表达是写的一种途径,是英语交际的重要组成部分。初中阶段对于英语写作的要求,实际上是“有指导的写作”(Guided Writing)。它通过提供情景(文字、图画、表格),让学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或事件并表达一定的思想,以此达成和检验对所学英语语言知识的实践应用能力。客观地说,书面表达一直是我们英语教学的一个难点,也是学生应试的一个难点。
从中考英语试卷的抽样调查情况来看,英语写作是得分最为薄弱的一个题项。究其原因,一是学生写作练习的时间少,二是教师平时缺乏对学生进行系统的写作知识的指导。(比如,如何用词、句、组段、谋篇等)。这些原因造成了学生从最初不会写盲目写到不愿写。惧怕写,直至最后拒绝写的恶性循环。
2. 学生分析 我校学生生源较差,学生英语学习两级分化严重,因此尽管经过3年的学习与训练,仍有相当一部分学生作文得分在6-7分之间甚至更低。书面表达中式英语较多,连贯性较差。很多学生对书面表达中快速构思和罗列提纲能力较差。本堂课希望通过指导、帮助提高学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性,帮助学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲能力。

二、教学流程设计
步骤 目的 教师活动/方法 学生活动/方法

1. warm-up Attract the Ss attention. Let them focus on the topic
Lead out the importance of using the conj.s properly in English writing. Ask Ss:
1. What do they think of the English writing? Easy or difficult?
2.What troubles them most in their writing? Answer the questions, and tell their feelings about English writing.

2. task 1 Ss compare two Ss’s writing and evaluate it
Let Ss realize the importance of using the conj.s
1. have Ss compare two Ss’s writing and evaluate it
2. tell Ss it’s very important to use the conj.s properly 1. compare the two Ss’ writing in pairs and evaluate it, understand the importance of using the conj.s

3. task 2

Lead Ss to learn how to organize a composition, how to use the conj.s and how to write a good composition 1. have Ss complete the exercises, underline the conjs , topic sentences, supporting sentences and conclusion sentences of a student’s composition
2. Analyze the composition together 1 Ss complete the exercises, underline the conjs , topic sentences, supporting sentences and conclusion sentences of a student’s composition
2..Ss learn how to organize a composition, and how to use conj.s properly.

4. task 3 Lead Ss learn to list the outline of the composition, and complete the writing. And evaluate it together
1. help Ss to learn how to list the outline of a composition.
2.Have Ss write the composition
3. have Ss evaluate their writings 1. Ss learn how to list the outline of a composition.
2. write the composition
3. evaluate their writings in pairs

summary
and homework 1. Summary how to write a good composition.
2. Homework
Rewrite the composition and complete the other exercises

课后反思:
本节课从提问学生写作中最大的困惑入手,引出本节课的主要教学目标,在写作中学会构思和使用连词。通过比较两篇学生的英语习作,让学生认识到连词在英语写作中的重要性。通过分析一篇学生的范文,让学生了解怎样去运用关联词,怎样去组织一篇文章,最后让学生根据提供的材料完成一篇习作,并互相评价,修改。
我认为本节课在以下几个方面处理得较好:
1. 课堂教学组织严谨,教学各个环节环环相扣,很流畅,由提问引出主题,通过比较学生习作认识到连词使用的重要,通过分析学生习作教学生学会怎么运用,最后进行实践。
2. 学生书信写作练习的设计比较新颖。从一位学困生的角度,用广州话说出对老师的感激,及今后的打算,容易引起学生写作的兴趣。
3. 考虑到本校学生生源的实际情况,写作任务经过了层层分解,从文章结构的构思,到语言的组织,时态的运用等给足了提示,使写作任务的难度降低了,让大部分学生都可以完成写作任务。

不足方面:因时间关系,学生写作的时间不太够,还有一小部分学生没有按时完成写作任务。习作的点评也不够时间处理,只点评了一篇习作,如果能找各个层次的学生习作进行点评就更好。

3. 中学英语写作微讲座怎样写

We would like to invite you to attend a lecture at my school(your school name). The lecture is about how to improve the English study abilities. You could give the attendees some general rules on how to approve theri English study abilities. Follow by that, please give some examples if possible and then there will be a 15 mins QA(Question and Answer) time for students to ask some questions they interested.
After the lecture, we would like to invite you for a dinner party as well. During the party there will be lots of English professors attend and they are expecting to see on the party.

4. 中考英语作文写作的讲解

中考其实很简单的,写作首先要做到字写的整洁美观(不是骗你)!我现在读大学,经历了中考高考,乃至现在在大学里,老师始终强调一句话就是字写的好,老师心情就好就不会太细纠你的错误,你就能打高份.因为时间紧迫老师也不可能仔细的看,所以基本上都是凭第一印象给分.(这属于考试技巧,很实用的!)
接着说我对与写作的一些方法,我现在学习的是英语专业,刚好老师给我们讲完写作.初中要求的还不算太多,所以你要注意的东西也不是很多,大概有以下几点:(个人意见,仅供参考)
1.注意连词的应用,就比如从一句话过渡到另一句话用个连词(and ,however,then...),就会使文章增色不少.(从一段话过渡到另一段话同上)
2.注意一些短语和固定句式的应用:
固定短语 eg.In my opinion/some people think ...while others think.../different people hold different ideas,etc.
句式:there be句型什么的(我不记得初中都学过什么句型了,所以这里不作过多的举例,你可以自己总结一下)
3.写topic sentence(主题句),一般位于段落的首句位置(也可位于句末,建议在句首写),向读者展示你这一段所要表达的中心思想(如果主题句写的好,字再漂亮一点,在大型考试中打高分应该不难),记住要简明扼要!
4.在结尾写上自己的观点、看法(初中写的好象基本上都是议论文吧),也就是结论.漂亮的结尾也很关键的哦~
我现在能想到的就这么多,希望对你有点帮助,加油哦~

5. 急求10篇初中英语作文

1. Feeling in Snow
As soon as I walked outside, I was greeted with the shimmering white blanket of cold. Despite the chill overwhelming my skin, inside I was warm. I felt as though I could be giving off heat; I had the desire to stay out in this freeze for hours. It was the type of day that speaks to you through its elements; I took a deep breath to hear more snow was coming.
As I walked I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so beautiful, so serene. It was as if time had been put temporarily on hold and I along with it. Or maybe I was the only one unpaused…Either way, the solitude was comforting, and I sensed myself floating away. I sat down on the edge of a curb and listened. All there was to hear was the wind rushing over the top of my head and circling some old, cracking leaves some yards away. To me it was the reassuring sound of nature, trying not to be forgotten.
It did start to snow. None of those little flurries, but big, fat flakes which clung immediately to their surface.
Then it was time to go and my reverie had to end. As I began walking again, I drifted back into this time frame, calm and cleared.
Now if only I could remember where I was going.
中文:雪天随想
刚出门,便扑面而来一大片晶莹雪白的冰凉。冷气袭来,肌肤阵阵战栗,而内心却温暖如初。觉得自己似乎能发热,因而渴望在这寒冷中长时间驻足。这是一个大自然与你交流的日子。我深深地吸了一口气,静听雪花飘落,源源不绝。
漫步雪中,举目四顾,我努力思索是什么竟然能够把这一天变得如此美丽和宁静。那一刻,时间仿佛静止了,而我也定在其中。或者,只有我一个人在前行……
无论如何,这种孤寂却令人欣慰。我仿佛脱离了尘世。坐在路边,仔细聆听。只有风从头顶掠过,卷走几码远的干枯树叶。在我心中,这是大自然给人安慰、令人难忘的声音。
真的下雪了!不是零星小雪,而是鹅毛大雪,一落地就凝结在一起了。
该结束沉思离开了!我举步前行时,思绪又转回到现实中来,而此时感觉如此平静,如此清新。
我实在记不得我要往何处去了!

2.自我意识
The man who is aware of himself is henceforth independent; and he is never bored, and life is only too short, and he is steeped through and through with profound yet temperate happiness. He alone lives, while other people, slaves of ceremony, let life slip past time in a kind of dream. Once conform, once do what other people do finer than they do it, and a lethargy steals over all the finer nerves and faculties of the soul, He becomes all outer show and inward emptiness; ll, callous, and indifferent.

凡是意识到自我的人从今往后才是独立的;他永远不知疲倦,他明白生命苦短,所以完全沉浸于深深的而又适度的幸福之中。他独立生活,而别人是繁文缛节的奴隶,在醉生梦死之中听从生命悄然流逝。一旦循规蹈矩,一旦人为亦为,呆滞就笼罩着灵魂中一切灵敏的神经和官能。灵魂变得徒有其表,其中空空;迟钝,木然、冷漠。
作者:Virginia Woolf/弗吉尼亚.吴尔夫

3. Of Harmony
It is my temper, and I like it the better, to affect all harmony: and sure there is musick even in the beauty, and the silent note which Cupid strikes, far sweeter than the sound of an instrument. For there is a musick where ever there is a harmony, order, or proportion: and thus far we may maintain the music of the Sphears; for those well-ordered motions, and regular paces, though they give no sound unto the ear, yet to the understanding they strike a note most full of harmony. Whatsoever is harmonically composed delights in harmony; which makes me much distrust the symmetry of those heads which declaim against all Church-Musick. For my self, not only for my obedience, but my particular Genius, I do embrace it: for even that vulgar and Tavern-Musick, which makes one man merry, another mad, strikes in me a deep fit of devotion, and a profound contemplation of the First Composer. There is something in it of Divinity more than the ear discovers: it is an Hieroglyphical and shadowed lesson of the whole World, and creatures of GOD; such a melody to the ear, as the whole World, well understood, would afford the understanding. In brief, it is a sensible fit of that harmony which intellectually sounds in the ears of GOD.
注释:
1、harmony:n. 融洽、和谐、协调
2、temper:n. 性情、脾气
3、note:n. 音符
4、Cupid:爱神丘比特
5、whatsoever:无论什么
6、compose:v. 著、撰、组成
7、distrust:v. 不信任
8、symmetry:n. 对称、匀称
9、obedience:n. 服从、顺从
10、contemplation:n. 沉思
11、divinity:n. 神、神性
12、hieroglyphical:n. 象形文字
13、melody:n. 悦耳的音调
中文:我生性耽爱一切之和谐,于此,我且颇以自得;确实,甚至在鸩彼得所奏放的无声音籁之中与美感之内,无不有音乐的存在,其吐音之佳妙迥出一般乐器之上。此亦缘音乐即在和谐、秩序与比例匀称之中,而星际乐声一说至少可以此为部分依据;其秩序井然之动作,节拍分明之步武,此在常人耳中虽悄无声息,然在颖慧者听来,确乃和谐无艺之妙乐。大凡和谐构成之物,必喜和谐,据此,则彼辈攻击一切教堂音乐者,其头脑之中是否尚有匀称二字,我实不能不深致疑虑。至于我自己,我对上述之音乐确实服膺无已,此固与我之虔诚信仰有关,亦系我的特殊禀赋所致;甚即通常旅店之俚俗音乐,所叙不出嬉乐激切之情,尚能使我对那最初制曲人于胸臆之中顿生仰慕之忱与遥深之想;其中圣洁处有非人耳所能察觉者。它是茫茫世界芸芸众生的一篇佶屈恢诡的天启,使上下尘寰彻悟之后捧供识者聆赏的一阙悠扬的妙乐。要言之,它是上彻天听的玲珑曼妙的仙籁的阵阵和谐。
注:本段文字节选自Thomas Browne的名著——《一位医生的信仰》(Religio Medici)的第二章第二节。

4. 生活的乐趣
Joy in living comes from having fine emotions, trusting them, giving them the freedom of a bird in the open. Joy in living can never be assumed as a pose, or put on from the outside as a mask. People who have this joy don not need to talk about it; they radiate it. They just live out their joy and let it splash its sunlight and glow into other lives as naturally as bird sings.
We can never get it by working for it directly. It comes, like happiness, to those who are aiming at something higher. It is a byproct of great, simple living. The joy of living comes from what we put into living, not from what we seek to get from it.
中文翻译:
生活之乐趣来源于良好的情绪,信赖这些情绪,并任由它们如同鸟儿高翔于天空般地自由自在。生活的乐趣是无法靠姿态摆出来的,也无法用戴上一张面具来伪装。 拥有这种乐趣的人们无需挂在嘴边,他们自然会焕发出快乐的气息。他们自己生活在快乐当中,也将这样的快乐自然而然地感染着他人,犹如是鸟儿就必将歌唱。
直接追求生活的乐趣却只会使乐趣远离我们,它与幸福一样青睐胸有大志的人们。生活过得高雅、简单便会产生出乐趣。它是我们对生活的投入,而非所求。

5. Love Your Life 热爱生活
作者:Henry David Thoreau/享利.大卫.梭罗
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, as in a palace. The town's poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any. May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means. which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends, Turn the old, return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.

Notemean:卑贱的,也可指人小气。
hard:不好的,差的
fault-finder :吹毛求疵的人
alms-house:济贫院,养老院
abode:住所
misgiving:疑虑
中文翻译:
不论你的生活如何卑贱,你要面对它生活,不要躲避它,更别用恶言咒骂它。它不像你那样坏。你最富有的时候,倒是看似最穷。爱找缺点的人就是到天堂里也能找到缺点。你要爱你的生活,尽管它贫穷。甚至在一个济贫院里,你也还有愉快、高兴、光荣的时候。夕阳反射在济贫院的窗上,像身在富户人家窗上一样光亮;在那门前,积雪同在早春融化。我只看到,一个从容的人,在哪里也像在皇宫中一样,生活得心满意足而富有愉快的思想。城镇中的穷人,我看,倒往往是过着最独立不羁的生活。也许因为他们很伟大,所以受之无愧。大多数人以为他们是超然的,不靠城镇来支援他们;可是事实上他们是往往利用了不正当的手段来对付生活,他们是毫不超脱的,毋宁是不体面的。视贫穷如园中之花而像圣人一样耕植它吧!不要找新的花样,无论是新的朋友或新的衣服,来麻烦你自己。找旧的,回到那里去。万物不变,是我们在变。你的衣服可以卖掉,但要保留你的思想。
作者简介:
梭罗,H.D.(HenryDavidThoreau1817-1862)。美国人。是著名的作家和思想家。生长在波士顿附近超验主义思想运动中心康科德村,父亲是小业主。他20岁于哈佛大学毕业,曾任教师,从事过各种体力劳动。在学生时代与爱默生相识,在爱默生影响下,阅读柯尔律治、卡莱尔等人的著作,研究东方的哲学思想,同时以爱默生倡导的“自助”精神进行思考,形成了一套独立见解。 其作品Walden《瓦尔登湖》在中国广泛传播。

6.有志者事竟成
The secret of success (The key to success) is not so much money as a strong will. A great man is one who has a strong will and an indomitable spirit. In other words, if a man does not have a strong will to win (get) the final victory, he will never succeed in his life. He is no more than a failure.
It is quite obvious that there is no difficult thing (nothing difficult) in the world. if you make up your mind to do it, you will certainly accomplish your end. That stands to reason.
成功的要诀不是金钱而是一个坚强的意志(用not so mush... as)。一个大人物是一个具有坚强意志和不屈不挠精神的人。换句话说,如果一个人没有坚强意志去获得最后胜利的人,他终其一生永远不会成功。他只不过是(用no more than)一个失败者。
很显明的世界上并没有难事。如果你下定决心去做它,你一定会达到目的。那是显而易见的。

7.我追求的生活Life Desired
That must be the story of innumerable couples, and the pattern of life of life it offers has a homely grace. It reminds you of a placid rivulet, meandering smoothly through green pastures and shaded by pleasant trees, till at last it falls into the vastly sea; but the sea is so calm, so silent, so indifferent, that you are troubled suddenly by a vague uneasiness. Perhaps it is only by a kink in my nature, strong in me even in those days, that I felt in such an existence, the share of the great majority, something amiss. I recognized its social value. I saw its ordered happiness, but a fever in my blood asked for a wilder course. There seemed to me something alarming in such easy delights. In my heart was desire to live more dangerously. I was not unprepared for jagged rocks and treacherous, shoals it I could only have change-change and the excitement of unforeseen.
Noteinnumerable:无数的
pattern:样式,样品
homely:家常的
rivulet:小河,小溪
meandering:蜿蜒的河流
uneasiness:不安
amiss:错误的
jagged:不平的
treacherous:叛逆的
shoals:浅滩
unforeseen:无法预见的
中文翻译:
这一定是世间无数对夫妻的生活写照,这种生活模式给人一种天伦之美。它使人想起一条平静的溪流,蜿蜒畅游过绿茵的草场,浓荫遮蔽,最后注入烟波浩渺的汪洋大海;但是大海太过平静,太过沉默,太过不动声色,你会突然感到莫名的不安。也许这只是我自己的一种怪诞想法,在那样的时代,这想法对我影响很深:我觉得这像大多数人一样的生活,似乎欠缺了一点儿什么。我承认这种生活有社会价值,我也看到了它那井然有序的幸福,但我血液里的冲动却渴望一种更桀骜不驯的旅程.这样的安逸中好像有一种叫我惊惧不安的东西.我的心渴望一种更加惊险的生活。只要生活中还能有变迁———以及不可知的刺激,我愿意踏上怪石嶙峋的山崖,奔赴暗礁满布的海滩。
作者:威廉.萨姆塞特.毛姆/William Somerset Maugham

8.要学会去忍耐
When someone disagrees with you or offends you, don’t lose your temper. Why? Because it is of no use to do so. You ought to (should) be patient and keep calm lest you should quarrel with him. You must know that patience is not cowardice, but a virtue. I hope that everybody practices it.
In addition, patience will also bring us success. When you meet with difficulties in your work, it is no use losing heart. You must keep on fighting until (till) the final victory belongs to you.
当有人和你意见不同或开罪你的时候,你切不可发脾气。为什么?因为这样做是无用的(用of no use)。你应当忍耐并且保持冷静,唯恐和他争吵。你必须知道忍耐不是弱而是一种美德。我希望人人都实行它。
另外,忍耐也会带给我们成功。当你在工作中遭遇到困难的时候,灰心是无用的。你必须继续作战直到最后胜利属于你为止。

9.如何应对批评
It is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by st and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who arrs and comes short again and shortcomings, who knows the great devotion, who spends himself in a worthy cause, who at best knows in the end the high achievement of triumph and who at worst, if he fails while daring greatly, knows his place shall never be with those timid and cold souls who know neither victory nor defeat. ----Theodore Roosevelf
Notepoints out:指出 doer:实干家 arena:竞技场 mar:毁坏 valiantly:英勇地 arr:到达arrive shortcomings:缺点 devotion:投入,热爱

10. 就为了今天 Just for Today
Just for today I will try to live through this day only and not tackle my whole life problem at once. I can do something for twelve hours that would appall me if I had to keep it up for a lifetime.
Just for today I will be happy. This assumes to be true what Abraham Lincoln said, that "Most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be."
Just for today I will adjust myself to what is, and not try to adjust everything to my own desires. I will take my "luck" as it comes.
Just for today I will try to strengthen my mind. I will study. I will learn something useful. I will not be a mental loafer. I will read something that requires effort, thought and concentration.
Just for today I will exercise my soul in three ways. I will do somebody a good turn and not get found out: If anybody knows of it, it will not count. I will do at least two things I don't want to do—just for exercise. I will not show anyone that my feelings are hurt: they may be hurt, but today I will not show it.
Just for today I will be agreeable. I will look as well as I can, dress becomingly, talk low, act courteously, criticize not one bit, and try not to improve or regulate anybody but myself.
Just for today I will have a program, I may not follow it exactly, but I will have it. I will save myself from two pests: hurry and indecision.
Just for today I will have a quiet half hour all by myself and relax. During this half hour, sometime, I will try to get a better perspective of my life.
Just for today I will be unafraid. Especially I will not be afraid to enjoy what is beautiful, and to believe that as I give to the world, so the world will give to me.
中文:
就为了今天,我将尽力只度过今天而不立刻去解决终身的问题。对一件令我沮丧而又必须坚持一辈子的事,我只能坚持十二个小时。
就为了今天,我会很快乐。亚伯拉罕-林肯说过,“大多数人都是决定想怎么高兴就怎么高兴。”这已经被认为是真理。
就为了今天,我会做自我调整适应事物本来的面目,而不是想方设法使每一件事满足自己的欲望。当机会来临的时候我会抓住它。
就为了今天,我会尽力心强志坚。我会学习,学一些有用的东西。我不会做一个精神上的流浪汉。我会读一些需要努力、思考和注意力集中的东西。
就为了今天,我会用三种方法来磨炼我的灵魂。我会做对某人有利的事但不能被发现,若有人发现了就不算数。我将会做至少两件我不愿做的事情——只为了磨练。我不会让任何人感到我的感情受到了伤害:它们可能受到了伤害,但今天我不想表现出来。
就为了今天,我会过得很惬意。看起来我达到了最佳状态,穿着得体、讲话谦虚、行为礼貌、一点不吹毛求疵,尽量改进和调节自己而不是别人。
就为了今天,我会制定一个计划,我也许不会严格地遵守它,但我一定要有计划。我会避免两种错误:仓促行事和优柔寡断。
就为了今天,我将会独自静静地呆上半小时放松。在这半小时里,某个时刻,我会日后对我的生活有个更好的看法。
就为了今天,我将不再害怕。尤其我不会再害怕享受美丽的事物,并且相信我给予世界的,世界也会给予我。

这些都有翻译的,对照翻译,你可以把不懂的单词换成简单的。

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