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浅谈修辞手法在英语写作中的运用

发布时间: 2021-02-13 08:49:49

1. 英语中的修辞手法

1.Simile 明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如:
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如:
1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)
他的厂里约有100名工人.
2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世纪的牛顿.
3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)
这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉
这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.
2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)
品尝Mozart的音乐.
6.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如:
1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)
7.Hyperbole 夸张
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如:
1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Parallelism 排比, 平行
这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.
例如:
1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.
例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如:
1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
表层含义:趁着出太阳的时候晒草
真正意味:趁热打铁
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
表层含义:是时候把犁变成剑
11.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a greatpraise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
16.Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大,四岁看老。
17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮,黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18.Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
1>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19.Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
1>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The ties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

2. 高分求英语中的修辞手法作用

英语中将借代通称为metonymy(换喻、转喻)。它是由某一事物名称来代替与该事物有关联的另一事物的名称,简而言之,就是借用甲来表示乙,但前提条件是甲必须与乙关系密切和本质上有相似之处。比如:“The pen is mightier than than the sword”,句中用pen 表power of literature,用sword代force。

反语(Irony )就是说反话,英语来自希腊语eironeia ,意思是dissimulation
(掩饰),是一种通过正话反说或反话正说来取得讽刺、幽默效果的修辞手法。比如:1) Better luck than I did!(希望你小子更"走运"!?)

2) You are a big help!(你可真够"帮忙"啊!)

3) Only every spare minute!("只不过"每一分钟的自由时间而已。)

4) You are telling stories!(你讲的"真动听"啊!)

双关语(pun)是英语中一种常见的修辞手法。该修辞格巧妙地利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等,在同一句话里同时表达不同的意义,以形成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果,使人读来忍俊不禁。比如:
1)He is not a grave man until he is a grave man.

2)They pray for you today and prey on you tomorrow.
第一句话,其中的grave有两个含义,一个是“严肃的”(形容词),一个是“坟墓”(名词),因此这句话的意思是:他不是一个严肃的人,除非他躺到坟墓里,才能严肃起来。再比如下面第二句话,其中的 pray(祈祷)和prey(捕食),发音相同,外形相似,因此这句话的意思是:他们今天为你祈祷,明天就会加害于你。

3. 英语写作修辞手法有哪些热心回答下吧

personification 拟人 oxymoron 矛盾修辞 simile 明喻 bxvazsipvs磁4281024805柱

4. 修辞手法在英语作文中的应用

一、比喻(the figures of speech)

比喻是语言艺术的升华。

英语中常见的比喻方法有三种:明喻、隐喻和借喻。

1.明喻(the simile)

格式:本体 + 显著比喻词(like/as/as if) + 喻体

常用介词like 、连词as,as if,asso、动词seem等以及句型Ato B asCtoD等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。

例如:

(1)Teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant. 老师,您像太阳,又比太阳更灿烂更辉煌。

(2)Your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees! All praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心灵像雪一样纯净,您的人格像青松一般高洁!赞美您,敬爱的老师。

英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许多常用的明喻习语。例如:

(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶

(2)as weak as water软弱无力

这类利用类似汉语的押韵和叠声增加语言的美感。与此同时,又可以使语言短小精悍,表达生动、形象。

2.隐喻(the metaphor)

格是:本体 + is/are + 喻体

例如:

(1)Time is a river, of which memory is the water. Oh myfriend,what I scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.时间是河、记忆如水,朋友,我从河里捧起来的都是对你的思念。

(2)Time is money. 时间就是金钱。

注意:英语中存在着许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻(也有个别用作明喻)。例如 :

(1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。

(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

(3)This film star is a nine days wonder; I doubt whetheranyonewill remr her in ayearstime.这位电影明星现在红极一时(也指昙花一现),但我认为一年以后人们不见得还记得她。

注意:英语中还有许多隐喻成语。例如:

(1)to teach fish to swim 班门弄斧

(2)to plough the sand 白费力气

(3)up the tree骑虎难下;lame ck强弩之末;above board光明正大

3.借喻(the metonymy)

格式:直接用比喻事物代替本体事物

例如:

(1)The buses in America are on strikenow.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses喻指司机drivers)。

(2)The pen is mightier thanthesword.文人胜于武士(以pen,sword喻指使用这物的人)。英语中一些鸟兽鱼虫的名字,除本义外,常可转借喻人,形象生动,意味隽永。例如:

(1)She is a social butterfly.她是一个交际花(以虫喻人)。 (接下页)

二、借代(the synecdoche)

借用一个名称来代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分和全体互代,单数代复数,描象代替具体或具体代替抽象等等。例如:

(1)Uncle Sam will not help us.美国人不会帮助我们。(用Uncle Sam代替船美国人本身)

(2)You can depend on him for help whenever youre in tourble.Hesa true blue.你遇到麻烦时尽管去找他帮忙,他是一个靠得住的忠实朋友。(用trueblue代替真金烈火,忠诚可靠的)

使用借代修辞方式要选用最突出最明显的事物特征来代替事物名称。借代运用得好,能使语言表达简洁明快、具体、形象,以避免重复、累赘,并给人以新鲜感。

三、夸张(the exaggeration)

把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张。

例如:

(1)Thank you a thousand.千恩万谢。

英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发 。

四、拟人(the personifjcation)

就是把无生命的事物人格化。

例如:

(1)Books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.Theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.书籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娱乐。孤寂时,书籍给我们力量,使我们摆脱精神负担。

(2)Love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.爱是开启幸福之门的万能钥匙。

拟人用法在英语写作中运用得好,不仅使语言表达得生动、有力,而且给人以亲切、实在、耳目一新的感受。

五、排比

把结构相同或相似、语气一致、意思密切相关联的句子或句子成分排列起来,使句式得到增强,感情得到加深,这种修辞叫排比。

例如:

(1)You are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你洁白如雪,润泽如脂,你光辉如烛,坚贞如磐,你是令人倾心的美玉。

(2)You are in my mind and in my heart. You are in the very airIbreathe. You are part ofme.Forever.你占据了我整个思绪和心灵;你在我呼吸的空气里;你永远是我的一部分。

此外,在英语的具体写作过程当中,我们可以运用恰当的抒情手法来进行写作,达到以情动人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四级考试作文为例,进行写作。

提纲要求:

In honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day

向老师致以节日祝贺

从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献

我如何回报老师的关爱

范文:Dear Miss Zhang,I’m not the best student of yours, butyou’rethe most respected teacher of mine. On this special occasionforyou, what I can dedicate is my highest consideration andearnestblessings. May you be happy; may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.I still remred clearly thattheday I was crying with a heavy heart because I failed to passtheexamination. I didn’t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way. Teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night. Your warm words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well. And I still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart. The buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.In my view, all Iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat I dream of. Furthermore, I must not relax my effortsto be thebest I can be and do the best I can do.Bestwishes,Andy.

5. 在这篇英语作文中插入一些修辞手法在这篇英语作文中加入一些修辞手法,比如比喻、拟人等等,使这篇作文更

Analogy
The function of analogy differs from that of simile or metaphor. While the latter figures serve to heighten effect with vivid imagery, analogy is chiefly used for the purpose of persuasion or for the explanation or exposition o fan idea.
The analogy can be developed through as many parallel similarities as the writer can think of, to convince the reader that because the things are alike in so many respects, a conclusion drawn from one suggests a similar conclusion from the other.
There is one thing about an analogy that we must bear in mind. And that is, while an analogy sets out to persuade or to explain, it does not necessarily set out to prove. Sometimes an analogy can be carried too far, and mislead rather than convince. In reading an analogy, we should be clear about the implications drawn from parallel comparisons, but we should guard against unreserved acceptance of the argument.

6. 英语的写作手法,修辞手法叫什么

英文与中文的写作手洁及修辞手法是大体相似,下面是英文常见修辞手法:

01

Simile

明喻:标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。

例如: I wandered lonely as a stay dog.

我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。

02

metaphor

隐喻,暗喻

例如:

Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。

03

metonymy

借喻,转喻

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。

04

synecdoche

提喻

例如:

1. There are about 100 hands working in his factory.他的厂里约有100名工人。

05

synesthesia

通感、联觉、移觉

例如:

1. The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。

06

personification

拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。

例如:

The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑

07

hyperbole

夸张

例如:

1. I beg a thousand pardons.

我千百次地祈求宽恕

08

rhetorical repetition

叠言

例如:

It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.

它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造。

09

euphemism

委婉,婉辞法

例如:

He is out visiting the necessary.

他出去方便一下。

10

allegory

讽喻、比方

例如:

1. Make the hay while the sun shines.

良机勿失。(在有太阳的时候晒草--制作饲料的干草)

2. It's time to turn plough into sword.

到了该努力的时候了。

11

irony

反语

例如:

It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上不知道几点钟确实是一种好习惯!(反语)

7. 英语写作修辞手法有哪些

英语写作对于学习英语的学生是一个很重要的技能。许多英语考试都要测试考生的写作能力。为了帮助中国学生提高英语写作水平,我们编写了这部工具书,可供大、中学生及英语自学者查阅使用,也可供各级学校的英语教师参考。 《英语写作例句手册》从大量的英文刊中精选出约一万条实用的句子,为读者提供了在各种不同情况下常用的句式与用语,分门别类,英汉对照,内容丰富,查阅方便。通过《英语写作例句手册》,读者可以学到英语中各种生动有趣的表达方式,还可以利用《英语写作例句手册》做英汉互译练习,这对于提高英语水平会有很大的好处。
表达方式 1.定义 2.解释 3.分类 4.举例 5.对比 6.因果 7.议论 8.说明 9.简介 10.鸣谢 修辞手法 1.明喻 2.隐喻 3.转喻 4.提喻 5.换称 6.拟人 7.夸张 8.含蓄 9.委婉 10.双关 11.影射 12.反语 13.讽刺 14.反论 15.矛盾修饰 16.对照 17.反复 18.排比 19.层递 20.突降 21.回文 22.倒装 23.移就 24.拈连 25.共轭 26.警句 27.顿呼 28.设问 29.咏叹 30.头韵 31.元韵 32.拟声 33.仿拟 34.幽默

8. 论文类《浅谈英语教学中的几种修辞手法的运用》

能班忙列提纲和具体内容

9. 英语作文中的象征修辞手法

梅花,迎着寒风而绽放的花朵。它没有月季的艳丽,没有牡丹的大红大紫,没有兰花的淡雅,没有荷花的高雅……但是,它拥有不畏寒冷,独步早春,傲立雪中的精神,象征刚毅精神和崇高品格,“ 墙角数枝梅,凌寒独自开。 ”,更是表达了梅花这种坚强不屈的精神和品格。
梅花的花朵不大,像一个个害羞的姑娘,所剩无几的绿叶衬托着梅花。也许是为了让花朵开得更好,绿叶都把自己应该拥有的养分通通献给了梅花。虽然梅花被称为中国的国花,但是它并不张扬。它只是在寒风中默默地开放,在寒风中悄悄地展示自己的风采。所经历的痛苦,只有它自己知道。
偶然一次,在路旁看见一枝梅花带着花盆被人丢弃。花盆中的泥土大多数都撒掉了,枝干无奈地低头搭拉着。枝上没有多少绿叶,稀稀拉拉地挂在枝头。我不禁这样想:这就是传说中傲立雪中的梅花吗?就这样也可以称为不怕寒风彻骨?一点都看不出有这种坚强不屈的精神。
过了几天再经过这儿的时候,我惊奇地发现枝干上竟然长出了许多花苞!我不由得凑过去看,真的长出了许多白中泛红的花苞!但是显得弱不禁风,我眼前闪过几日前看见的梅花,对比起现在,这可能吗?也许再过几日花苞就会因为受不了寒冷而干枯吧。
又过了几天,我特地去看梅花。当看见了那一片粉红色的花朵,我惊呆了。一株被人们认为毫无用处的梅花树竟然在如此恶劣的情况下开放,真让人不敢相信。那株梅花成了道路上一道亮丽的风景,路过的人先是惊奇地睁大了眼睛,接着发出啧啧的赞叹声。我不得不佩服梅花不屈不挠、坚韧不拔、坚强不屈的精神和顽强意志。
看那一朵朵白中泛红的花朵悄然挂在枝头,闻那缕缕的梅花香味,我深深地被梅花震撼了。谁会知道它的花苞要在寒风中经过多大的努力,才能带伤开放?看那枯瘦的枝条,谁又能相信它能哺育出美丽的梅花呢?
当春天到来,百花齐放的季节,当各种花朵搬出温室时,梅花在角落里却悄悄地凋谢了,它不与百花争芳斗艳,但它为人类献上了新鲜可口的梅子,为人类贡献出自己仅剩的全部力量……
“梅花香自苦寒来”,吹拂梅花的是凛冽的寒风;照耀梅花的是寒冬的残阳;滋润梅花的是残雪的雨露。但屹立在山顶的梅花却是那样的芳香馥郁,雍容典雅。它依旧可以和其他在温室中的花朵比美,而且一点也不比它们差,不是吗?

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