英语中常见的写作方法
⑴ 英语写作手法
英文与中文的写作手洁及修辞手法是大体相似,下面是英文常见修辞手法:
01
Simile
明喻:标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如: I wandered lonely as a stay dog.
我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
02
metaphor
隐喻,暗喻
例如:
Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
03
metonymy
借喻,转喻
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.
我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
04
synecdoche
提喻
例如:
1. There are about 100 hands working in his factory.他的厂里约有100名工人。
05
synesthesia
通感、联觉、移觉
例如:
1. The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.
鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音。
06
personification
拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物。
例如:
The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
夜晚温柔地平复着我们狂热的头脑
07
hyperbole
夸张
例如:
1. I beg a thousand pardons.
我千百次地祈求宽恕
08
rhetorical repetition
叠言
例如:
It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious man—made destiny.
它必须用我们这些对于未来,对于人类以及人类自己创造的伟大命运具有信心的人的鲜血和汗水去创造
⑵ 英语写作方法
英语写作方法六大原则:
1. advanced words (高级词汇原则)
2. adverbial advanceed (状语提前原则)
3. phrases preferred (短语优先原则)
4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (并列句、复合句和特殊句式原则)
5. long and short sentences alternately (长短句交替原则)
6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分层原则)
高分作文的五大特性
1. sense of order (条理性: 段落完整,层次分明)
2. accuracy (准确性: 语法准确,用词精当)
3. fluency (流畅性: 层次清晰,行文连贯)
4. conciseness & variety (简洁、多样性: 语言简洁,不重复)
5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高,表达个人观点内容积极向上)
过渡词的使用
过渡词是一种关系指引词,一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外,代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词犹如“桥梁”,在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用,学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章结构紧凑,启、承、转、合,过渡自然,融会贯通,连成一体。
1、根据意思和作用的不同,过渡词可以分为以下十六类:
(1)表并列关系的过渡词:
and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。
(2)表递进关系的过渡词:
besides, in addition(加之,除……之外), moreover(此外,而且), what’s more, what’s worse等。
(3)表转折对比的过渡词:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。
(4)表原因的过渡词:
because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, e to(由于), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。
(5)表结果的过渡词:
so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??
(6)表条件的过渡词:
if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。
(7)表时间的过渡词:
when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。
(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:
first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后来), meanwhile(几乎同时), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(终于)等。
(9)表换一种方式表达的过渡词:
in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。
(10)表进行举例说明的过渡词:
for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。
(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:
in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。
(12)表强调的过渡词:
certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。
(13)表比较、对比的过渡词:
like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。
(14)表目的的过渡词:
for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。
(15)表总结的过渡词:
in a word(总之,简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。
(16)表增补的过渡词:in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally 等。
2、文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头, “承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结。
(1) “启”。
用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头:
过渡词: first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,
过渡句:It is often said that…,
As the proverb says…,
It goes without saying that…,
It is clear/obvious that…,
Many people often ask …
(2) “承”。
表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中:
过渡词: second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what
is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt,
过渡句:It is true that…,
Everybody knows that…,
It can be easily proved that…,
No one can deny that…
The reason why …is that …,
There is no doubt that…,
To take…for an example (instance) …,
We know that…,
What is more serious is that…
(3)“转”。
用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中:
过渡词:but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,
过渡句:I do not believe that…,
Perhaps you’ll ask why…
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,
Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,
That’s why i feel that…
(4) “合”。
用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中:
过渡词: in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking,to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus,after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up
过渡句:From this point of view …
On account of this we can find that …
The result is dependent on …
Thus, this is the reason why we must…
长短句结合
(1)句子既要生动,又要简明扼要。
(2)在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型,而应注意句式的变化,如长短句结合,简单句、复杂句和复合句并用,还可以使用简化句等,一些较复杂的结构如独立结构,分词结构等也可以使用。
(3)可以使用一些特殊句式,如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等,增强语句的表现力,以增加文章“亮点”。强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。(这是我上初中时英语老师给我的,帮助了我,希望也能帮助你。。)
⑶ 请问英语写作中,常用的八种写作手法是哪八种,除了列举法,举例法,还有什么方法
列举法和举源例法(Listing and Exemplification)
叙述法(Narration)
因果法(Cause and Effect)
类比一对比法(Comparison and Contrast)
分类法(Classification)
定义法(Definition)
⑷ 求英语中的写作手法总汇
一。记住一些谚语 Times wait for no man 时不待人。 knowledge if power.知识就是力量。it's never too late to learn.学习总不嫌晚。 there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。Better early than late.宁早毋迟。
二,开头句子 As we all know /as is known to us all.众所周知。Every coin has two sides.任何事都有正反两方面。
Just as the saying goes.正像谚语所说。
With rapid development of science and technology, more and more people ,,,随着科技的快速发展,越来越多的人,,,
It is common believed that 人们普遍认为,,
Nowadays there is a growing concern over,,,最近,,,引起了人们的关注。
It is universally acknowledged that,,,全世界人都知道,,,
三,结尾句子.In a word /All in all/ 总之。In short /In brief.简单地说 I believe everything will be better in the future.我相信将来一切都会好起来。
I think/ In my opinion,/as far as I'm concerned 在我看来。
I would appreciate it if you could ,,,.如果你能,,我会感激的。
I am looking forward to seeing you/hearing from you.我盼望着看见你/收到你的来信。
Only by doing sth/ in this way can we do sth.只有通过做某事/用这种方法我们才能。。。
We must take immediate measures to protect our environment.我们必需采取紧急措施来保护我们的环境。
四。记住下面的好句子
The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.因特网在我们生活中正起着重要作用。
People may have different opinions.人们可能各持己见。
It is high time that we did ,,,/should do sth我们早应该这样做了。
There is no doubt that,,毫无疑问,,
We should spare no effort to do sth我们应该不遗余力地做,,
It has the following advantages.它有如下优势。
五。有一些高级词去替换下面词
indivials -- person
positive /promising -- perfect
dreadful/poor/ill---bad
quite a few---many
affair/business/matter--thing
beneficial/rewarding--helpful
desire--want
bear in mind that--remember
bearly--only
⑸ 英语写作中举例子除了常用的for example还有什么
举例子除了常用的for example,还有:such as、for instance、take for example、give an example、let's say
词汇解析:
1、such as
英文发音:[sʌtʃ æz]
中文释义:例如;像;象…这样;诸如…之类
例句:
Other nationalities, such as Pakistanis, were being airlifted out by their governments
其他国家的人,例如巴基斯坦人,正由本国政府空运出境。
2、for instance
英文发音:[fɔːr ˈɪnstəns]
中文释义:例如;譬如
例句:
There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance, training lions.
有的工作比驾驶卡车更危险,例如驯狮。
3、take for example
英文发音: [teɪk fɔː(r) ɪɡˈzɑːmpl]
中文释义:譬如
例句:
Take for example a shopping basket and the proct SKUs inside the basket.
举个例子,一个购物筐和在购物筐中的产品SKU码。
4、give an example
英文发音:[ɡɪv ən ɪɡˈzɑːmpl]
中文释义:举例;列举典范
例句:
Can you give an example of your major that is applied in our living?
你能举例说明你所学的专业在生活中的运用吗?
5、let's say
英文发音:[lets seɪ]
中文释义:
比如说;说一说;让我们说说;让我们说;举例说
例句:
Let's say you want to use a service, the mail service.
比如说你想用一种服务,邮件服务。
6、for example
英文发音:[fɔːr ɪɡˈzæmpl]
中文释义:例如;比如
例句:
Have they, for example, demonstrated a commitment to democracy?
例如,他们是否已表现出会致力于民主?
⑹ 英语中有表达方式、表现手法(写作手法)和修辞吗
1、表达方式:
诗词中来主自要运用叙述、描述、议论、
抒情四种表达方式,这其中描写、抒情是考查的重点。描写方式有动静结合、虚实结合等的不同;抒情方式有(抒情方式
主要有直接抒情和间接抒情两种方式。)直抒胸臆、借景抒情、寓情于景、情景交融情景相生
情因景生
以景衬情
融情入景
一切景语皆情语等。
2、结构形式:
诗歌的结构形式,常见的首尾照应,开门见山、层层深入,先总后分,先景后情、卒章显志,过渡、铺垫、伏笔等。
3、修辞手法:
主要的修辞手法有:\"对偶\"\"比喻\"\"拟人\"\"借代\"\"夸张\"\"排比\"\"反复\"\"象征\"寄寓
寄托等,
4、写作技巧:
写作技巧包括:赋比兴、衬托、对比、渲染、卒章显志、画龙点睛、以小见大、欲扬先抑、联想想象、语序倒置等。
5、艺术风格:
包括雄浑、旷达、豪放、俊爽、冲淡、沉郁、悲慨、婉约
⑺ 英语写作方法有哪些
英语写作方法有哪些:
首先,审题,条理清楚
保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务,第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说,正反面要清楚,对于说明文来说条理要清楚,对于描述文来说,谁干什么要清楚。
写主题句
主题句是确保不跑题的前提,只有不跑题才有可得及格分。写主题句嘴保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。
问题阐述
适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观地反映事实。
一句话用不同的句式来表达
为了加强同学们对语法知识在写作中的灵活应用
尽量复杂作文中的句式
长句采用的特殊语法包括:宾语从句+分词结构做插入语+分词作后置定语(issued)+被动语态+原因短语+定语从句。
保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法
作文120-150个字,考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多,因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点,另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题,一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。
希望对你有帮助
⑻ 英语里面突出名词的写作方法
在基础写作中,大部分学习者知道以下技巧:
1.something is important写成something is of great importance更好;
2.visit someone写成pay a visit to someone或pay someone a visit更好;
3.see something写成catch sight of something或catch a glimpse of something更好。
这三个句子,后面的写法都是含有名词结构,换句话说,名词结构在书面语中,尤其是高级写作中,扮演着重要的角色。请看以下三个练习,把动词或形容词结构升级成名词结构:
1.solve
→ find/offer/provide solutions to
【例句】
She can find no solution to her financial troubles.
她经济困难无法克服。
U.N. leaders are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.
联合国领导人们正在设法找到和平解决此项争端的方法。
2.poor people
→ people who live in poverty
【例句】
There are many areas in the world where there are people who live in poverty.
世界上有很多地方居住着穷人。
Most people who live in poverty in the USA are immigrants.
美国的大多数穷人都是移民。
3.thank
→ appreciation goes to/express one's appreciation
【例句】
Appreciation goes to Mr. Chairman for giving me the floor.
感谢主席先生给我发言的机会。
I would like to express my appreciation of all your hard work.
我想对您所做的所有辛勤工作表达深切的谢意。
在用词方面,特别是书面语,英语和汉语是不一样的。在汉语中,动词的使用比较普遍,而在英语中,名词结构的使用比较普遍。因此,我们不能用汉语的思维习惯去写英语句子,这同时也是我在大学听说读写拔高的课堂上强调的内容。
接下来,我们通过2013年11月发行的English Digest(《英语文摘》)中的一段话来验证我们以上谈到的内容:
There have been five great extinctions in the history of Earth. One killed off the dinosaurs: another wiped out up to 90% of species on Earth. All were probably caused by geological events or asteroids. Many scientists think a sixth is under way, this one caused by man.
在地球的历史上,一共出现过五次物种大灭绝。一次导致恐龙灭绝;另一次令地球上多达96%的物种灭绝。这几次物种大灭绝可能都是由地质事件或小行星导致的。许多科学家认为,第六次物种大灭绝即将到来,而这一次则是由人类导致的。
根据这段话,其中“一共出现过五次物种大灭绝”并没有写成five great extinctions have happened,而是there have been five great extinctions,这是很常见的表示“……事件发生”的名词结构。“第六次物种大灭绝即将到来”并没有写成a sixth is coming,而是a sixth is under way,也是一个典型的名词结构。
学习写作,培养地道的英语思维很重要,这就要求我们多读、多写、多积累,唯有此,我们才能练就一手英语好文章。希望将来能够在大学听说读写拔高的课堂上跟大家一起学习和进步!
⑼ 英语作文的写作方法及技巧
您好!
一般应做到
内容切题:不能走题、偏题
表达清楚:要让别人知道你想说什么,不要用你认为能看懂的汉语式英文句子
意义连贯:中英文化差异造成思维方式和文字表述方式的不同,英文表述更注重事实,所以写英语作文不要过多的进行心理、环境描写,120个字的作文结构要缜密,理由和例子要简洁有力,说明问题,不要东拉西扯。
句法多变:为避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式:强调句、倒装句、否定句等等
语言正确:不要犯低级的语法错误
英语作文其实不难,如果你的英语底子不好,不太擅长使用比较复杂的语法,词汇量也比较有限的话。建议用最简单的句子表达意思,句式越简单越好,能表达意思就好,一些生辟的单词如果不会不需要直译,可以用些词组。能表达意思就好,如果不会用用多了反而容易出错,平时作业时可以慢慢积累,可以试着用些当作练习,考试时就不必了,原因就不多说了。我觉得要写好英语作文还是平时多积累些,加上一些练习,比如平时可以多看些英语美文,如果有时间也可以刻意记些,时间长了语感自然就出来了,考试时有可能不知不觉的就闪出了平时的记忆。
多用连接词!
递进型:besides
;what's
more
;let
alone解释型:that
is
(to
say);in
other
words转折型:however;but;yet;otherwise列举型:for
example;such
as
;on
the
other
hand因果型:since;therefore;as
a
result并列型:and;or;also;as
well
as总结型:in
a
word
;in
short;
on
the
whole;in
conclusion见解型:in
my
opinion;speaking;as
far
as
I
am
concerned
祝您成功