雅思英语从句
一、宾语从句
下面例句中，第一句大家都会写;第二句后是介词后的宾语从句，会写的考生不多，要重点学习
Many people believe that we have developed into a throw-away society.
Traditionally, the approach is to punish criminals by placing them in
prison to pay for what they have done (what 引导宾语从句，作为介词for 的宾语)
二、状语从句
状语从句花样很多，只要求大家复习两种：if 引导的条件状语从句，和while 引导的让步状语从句
if
If a student wants to learn about job-specific information, they don’t need
to sit in a classroom to get it
当然很多学生可能会问到，if
引导的虚拟语气很难掌握，其实如果并不想冲刺7分或7.5分的同学都可以不用掌握，即使需要拿到这样的分数，用虚拟的情况都比较少，所以考生可不必在此花费大太的功夫
While
While the economic development has made our life more comfortable, it has
also polarized the society in the distribution of wealth
While traditional buildings might look mice from the outside, they are
often not very user-friendly
三、定语从句
复习三种就可以
1 who 引导，修饰“人”
Those who…. ……的人……
Students who…… ……的学生……
Children who…… ……的孩子……
Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that
the number of professionals with real talent are very few.
Student without teachers will surely be lost; but students who simply rely
on teachers for knowledge are not really learning
Children who enter school at an early age are generally more conficent and
independent than children who stay at home with their parents
2 that 引导，修饰物
Likewise, economics is a fundamental discipline that allows societies to be
stable and move forward
The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor could be done
flawlessly by robots in minutes
How to handle criminals is a problem that all courtiers and societies
face
Advertisement is an effective marketing tool that almost every company
uses.
3逗号加which
修饰前面整个句子(非限制定语从句)，这种从句非常好掌握而且也容易拿到高分，所在考生可以重点在这个句子上花些时间。
If fuel prices go up, either fewer people will drive or people will drive
less, which makes sense for recing pollution
Demand for various commodities creates a huge market for the local and
international businesses, which in turn increases demand for the labor
market
Governments should develop and launch a good traffic control system, which
can monitor and facilitate traffic flows on major roads for better and safer
usage, recing the chances of accidents.
四、主语从句
在雅思写作中我们只需要会写下面三个主语从句(下画线部分为句子主语)
1 whether 引导的主语从句
Whether mobile phones bring more harm than good to us has caused a heated
debate
Whether the increase of fuel price can solve the world’s environmental
problem is a controversial issue.
Whether universities should provide students with practical skills or
academic knowledge is a controversial issue.
2先行词it 开始的主语从句
It is obvious that we are living in an information age
It is obvious that investing in ecation is investing in one’s future
It is obvious that human activities have the greatest impact on
environment
3 What 引导的主语从句+not…but..
在文章中辩论时，要强调自己观点的正确性并同时驳斥反方观点，我们可以用这种强大的句型武器：
What governments should do is to create policies to encourage low carbon
development
What most companies and workforces need are not robots, but creative people
who can contribute ideas
What the poor countries need most is not money, but advanced technologies
and talents in some key areas
4同位语从句：同位语从句实际上是that 前面那个名词的解释或具体内容
Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon
that our kids are spending more time watching TV.(第一段第一句用到)
I agree with the view that not only governments but every single citizen
should do one’s part to fix this problem.( 第一段最后一句用到)
The fact that we have different languages demonstrates that we have
different cultures.
5表语从句
记住下面三个句子中加粗的黑体部份就行
This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are
able to impose changes.
Another reason for this is that old buildings, like native language, form a
cultural identity and keep a unique record of a country.
相信广大考生通过已上的讲解，对定语从句一定了有更深的了解，并且对考试中要写出哪些从句有了更好的把握。希望考生多在这方面下些功夫，那么写作也并不是大家所想的难不可破。
② 雅思语法My proposal, which I believe would also be kant's, is that ..... which作从句的什么成分
这里which引导的是非限制性定语从句，
先行词My proposal在从句中作主语。
I believe 在这里是插入语，
你把I believe去掉，
就能清楚看出这个是定语从句。
③ 雅思写作中如何正确应用定语从句
雅思写作定语从句之用法不当
很多中国考生认为因为which使用次数更少，所以在定语从句中which会比that使用分数更高，这其实是一个误区，因为which不能取代that在所有的定语从句中的使用。
A. 可共用的地方——指代一般物
例如：
The amount of the rubbish that we proce is increasing at an alarming rate.
在这句话中，that就可以用which取代，而且建议考生当that和which在定语从句中充当宾语的情况下能省略就省略。
再如：
The problem that has been under debate for several decades is that the basic facilities and infrastructureare unlikely to satisfy the needs of more tourists.
B. 不能共用的地方——只能用which，不能用that
例如：
Students living in their own homes would live a more comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which has a beneficial impact on the development of their personalcharacter.
再如：
Television, the most pervasive means of entertainment for the average public, is advancing towards an entirely new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which is likely to reshape the world.
在这两句话中，which都是不可以用that取代的，因为which在文章中指代的是前面的整句话，所以which后面的谓语动词用的也是单三形式。当which在从句里面用来表示前面整句话造成的影响时，which前面要用逗号，谓语动词用单数。
C. 只能使用that，不能使用which的地方
1. 当先行词为all、little、much、few、everything、none等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which。
Many people hold the view that they can do nothing to protect the fragile environment, andeverything that does have good impacts on the environment can only be implemented with the political will.
There would be few that could pursue a career without future.
2. 当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that，不用which。
There are a great number of ignorant people and large companies that sacrifice the environment to get the maximum profits.
The most important thing is concerned with the reaction of workers and factories that do not agree with this new scheme.
3. 当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that，而不用which。
Many people have extraordinary willingness to bombard their brains with new experiences, while others avoid the latest things that they think would make them have the feeling of fear.
4. 当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that，不用which。
The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
The first impression that you leave to the interviewer is the most important thing that determines whether you are admitted by the company.
5. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时，关系代词用that，不用which。
Travelling exposes the students to a variety of cultures and natural beauty by themselves, the very experience that school ecation cannot provide to them.
This is the very hotel that we lived last year.
6. 当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that，不用which。
Much of the blame that needs to be taken should be placed on tourists themselves, who foolishly clambered all over the revered Buddha statues.
Every child that has auditory deficit would have difficulty in learning to reach the maximum potential.
7. 当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?
Many people wonder which of the problems that they are facing is the most pressing one and should be researched and solved immediately.
8. 指代人时，只可以使用that以及who，而不可以使用which。
In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only thosethat are adequately prepared and highly qualified can make full use of them.
that不可以用which取代，因为that前面的先行词是人，所以只能用that或者who来引导。
9. 在强调句型“It is ... that ...”中，只用that，不用which。
It is the lack of financial incentive that is responsible for the shortage of talents in the athletic field.
It is talent that determines whether a person can succeed in any field, particularly in theartistic and mathematic field.
雅思写作定语从句之高级表达用法
定语从句高分的用法——将定语从句转换成非谓语动词，修饰前面的先行词
例如：Those people who strongly support capital punishment have the following reasons.
改成：Those people strongly supporting capital punishment have the following reasons.
再如：Those students who study in a foreign country seem to be more self-confident,independent and well-informed.
改成：Those students studying in a foreign country seem to be more self-confident, independent and well-informed.
将从句中的关联词who去掉，从句的谓语动词变成了ing形式
例如：The buildings that were knocked down several years ago are with neither financial nor aesthetic values.
改成The buildings knocked down several years ago are with neither financial nor aesthetic values.
Foods that are exported from a foreign market are more expensive than the local procts of the same kind.
改成Foods exported from a foreign market are more expensive than the local procts of the same kind.
从句中的that照样去掉，从句的谓语动词由被动语态变成了过去分词。
例如：The forest and bush that have been cleared for agriculture are now suffering from soil erosion.
改成The forest and bush having been cleared for agriculture are now suffering from soil erosion.
从句中的that去掉，构成完成时态的have变成having，这与主被动没有关系。
④ 雅思写作中从句的应用技巧有哪些
雅思总分9分，分为听说读写四科目，每个科目各9分。 雅思分数换算公式： 总分内 = ( 听力 + 阅读 + 写作 + 口语 ) ÷ 4 备注：得分逢容 0.25 进至 0.5 或 或 0.75 进至 1.0 。 例 1： 听力 6.5，阅读 8.0，写作 6.0，口语 6.5，
⑤ 雅思作文用到哪些从句
可以用：
1 状语从句：
地点状语从句、时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
2 定语从句
3 名词性从句：
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
4 虚拟语气：
对一般现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟
5 倒装句
⑥ 怎样用优秀的定语从句为雅思写作考试加分
4分作文完全没有复杂句，5分作文有写复杂句，但没有写对；6分作文基本能写出无误版的复杂句。
一篇作文里面句权式有几种；直接关系考生的得分。定语从句，状语从句，宾语从句是必须出现的；主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句是加分的；很多人觉得，只要做语法选择题的时候，知道哪里选which哪里用that就算掌握从句了。
但是雅思考试主旨是“实用”。到底有没有掌握，就看考生上了考场能不能使出来。能够背出从句的构成公式，但是上场考试用不出来的学生不在少数。只有熟练到一定程度，才能在紧张的时候应用自如。
⑦ 雅思和托福语法中同位语从句和定语从句的区别
For example:
The news that the number of privatevehicles will be restricted in urban areas is true.
‚The news that he obtained from thenews agency is true.
先看看这两个句子中，哪一个是定语从句，哪一个是同位语从句？
第一个是同位语从句，第二个是定语从句。这两个从句容易弄混淆是因为两者都可以用that做引导词，其次that引导的从句都是放在名词或者代词之后。
我们可以从两个方面进行区别：第一、从意义方面：定语从句是起到修饰限定的作用，而同位语从句主要是解释说明名词或者代词的具体内容，所有名词都可以有定语从句，但是不是所有词都能够有同位语从句，一般同位语从句所解释的都是一些本身词意比较抽象的，例如，fact，news以及suggestion等。第二、that引导词在定语从句中作句子成分，而在同位语从句中不做任何句子成分，以上面的例句为例，that在第二个句子中代替先行词news在定语从句中做obtained的宾语，而在同位语从句中，已经有相应的主语（number），谓语（restrict）了。
⑧ 雅思阅读中需要关注从句内容吗
雅思阅读中需要关注从句内容。雅思阅读考试中有很多长句，而考生如果语法方面不过关，那阅读很难得高分。
主语从句在复合句中用作主语的从句称为主语从句 (subjectclause)。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
如：
★ That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblancebetween them.
很明显，她们的确是亲姊妹，她们的脸型很相似。(关联词是从属连词that)
★ Who should be responsible for the senior citizens has been widelydiscussed in our community.
谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。(关联词是疑问代词who)
★ Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache tomany governments.
在哪儿处置日益增多的垃圾对很多政府而言是件头痛的事。(关联词是疑问副词where)
★ Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.
不论谁污染环境都应该受到惩罚。(关联词是缩合连接代词whoever)
★ Wherever you are is my home—my only home.
你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。(关联词是缩合连接副词wherever)有时可以用it作为形式主语，将真实主语从句置于句末。如：
1. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry ofall mammals.
很可能这种夜间的谋生可以追溯至所有哺乳动物的祖先。
2. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects，left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males thanfemales.
在数学家和建筑学家中，左撇子更常见并且左撇子的男性比女性要多，这并不惊奇。
3. It is reported that millions of people die of water-related disease eachyear.
据报道每年有成千上百万人死于和水有关的疾病。
表语从句在复合句中用作表语的从句称为表语从句 (predictiveclause)。引导表语从句的关联词有疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、从属连词等。如：
★ The problem is who they can rely on.
问题是他们能依赖谁呢。(关联词是疑问代词who)
★ The question is how they have achieved this.
问题是他们是如何完成的。(关联词是疑问副词how)
★ He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还和十年前一样。(关联词是从属连词as)
★ Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics ofbeing ‘modern’ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized withinparticular places and occurs for regularized periods of time.
确实作为一个游客是“现代”的定义性特点之一，并且旅游的普遍性观念是它在某个特定地点组织并且发生于规律性的时间段。(关联词是从属连词that)宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句称为宾语从句(object clause)。引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。如：
★ Animal right activists claim that animal tests are cruel， inhumane annnecessary.
动物权益保护声称动物实验很残忍、没人道和不必要。(关联词是从属连词that)
★ I know he has succeeded.
我知道他已经成功了。(在非正式文体中关联词that被省去)。
⑨ 定语从句如何在雅思口语中运用
先说限定性定语从句，
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢。
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything,much等，这时的that常被省略。
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。
再说非限定性定语从句，
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开，如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
1. which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。
如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
She is an artist，which I am not.
她是一位艺术家，而我不是。
Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
2. which指代整个主句。
如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.
他可能得了急性盲肠炎，如果是这样，他就得动手术。
When deeplyabsorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating andsleeping.
他经常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。