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英語閱讀材料人物

發布時間: 2021-02-08 04:19:37

『壹』 求 英語閱讀一 的講課資料

考前沖刺系列——英語閱讀一串講講義(節選)

英語閱讀一串講講義

閱讀理解的解體要略
一篇文章包括主題,中心思想材料結構、語言、風格、效果等要素。一般而言閱讀有兩個目的。一是休閑,二是求知.但是考試閱讀理解的文章和題目是為了迅速准確回答文章後所附的問題。並充分展示綜合英語語言知識和閱讀技能來理解英語書面材料的能力。英語閱讀(一)
考試旨在考察對於全書三十五篇課文的內容寫作風格、語言、主題、人物刻畫以及深層次含義的分析和理解。而這三十多篇文章是以單元結構來劃分的。它們涉及到文學作品、歷史傳記、童話寓言、人物寫真等。我們知道,閱讀活動是獲取信息和知識的最重要、最直接同時也是最普通的一種手段。根據考綱的要求,閱讀就是要能理解所讀材料的主旨大意,分辨出其中的事實和細節;能夠理解字面意義和隱含意義,能根據所讀材料判斷和推理,能分析所讀材料的思想觀點、語篇結構、語言特點和修辭方法。
在對閱讀理解(一)的串講過程中,重點還是要向大家介紹最常用的同時也是最實用的閱讀方法。

1.「目讀」(只讀不看)
我們知道限制閱讀速度的不是大腦,而是眼睛。影響大腦反應思考的是眼睛攝取信息並將信息傳遞給大腦的速度。
2.略讀(skimming)
略讀是一種快速閱讀方法。略讀的目的不是幫助你搜尋細節,而是找出文章的主題、中心思想、組織結構的宏觀信息。
因此,略讀是只需注意文章的關鍵部分,如文章的第一段和最後一段,各段的第一、二和最後一句,其他部分可以一帶而過。
3.「尋讀」(scanning)
尋讀也是一種快速閱讀的方法,在正式閱讀之前,心中已有了明確的尋找目標,即文章中某一個具體的信息,如時刻、地點、人名、數字等。具體要做的就是先判斷所需信息可能在何處出現。然後將目光在此處逐字逐行快速移動,直到搜索到目標為止。
下面,我就和大家一道回顧復習三十五課的內容。
將分為五大部分進行講解。

第一部分 (Lesson 1 – lesson 5)

Lesson1, Gifts of the Magi
麥琪的禮物
重點段落如下(p4)
「Della stopped crying. she stood by the window and looked out .Tomorrow would be Christmas day and she had only are dollar eighty-seven cents with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months and this is all she had got. She had spent many happy hours planning something nice for him something fire and beautiful which was really worthy of Jim」
主人公Della和Jim是因為彼此深愛對方卻不能為對方送禮物而傷心哭泣。對於心理的描寫細膩入微,傳神逼真。

將Della滿懷深情的無奈和熱烈甜蜜的憧憬通過具體的描繪呈現在讀者面前。字里行間似乎是僅僅是因為沒有適合心意的禮物而透出淡淡的憂傷,但深層含義還包含著真愛,抗爭,風險和社會的不公,以及,貫穿始終的聖誕的禮物,愛人間的禮物,生命的饋贈和禮物。
文章另外一個重點段落,也就是文章的結尾段。
「The Magi brought presents to Jesus Christ on the first Christmas of all Christmas .They first had the idea of giving Christmas presents. They were wise. Here I have told you this story of two foolish children in a poor set of rooms who gave up for each other his or her greatest treasure. They chose their presents unwisely; but those gifts which are the sign of real love are the best gifts of all.
這一個結尾段點明了文章所要表達的主旨
real love is the best gifts of all .Meanwhile, please focus on some key words would help you better comprehensive. For instance: Wise, two foolish children, poor rooms greatest, give up. Unwise real love, If you can print out all these words which form an outline of the whole story .do you can use them to retell the story and answer the questions many related.
《麥琪的禮物》作為經典名篇,最可能考察的有以下幾點:1 主旨 2人物性格 3 寫作風格。其中「寫作風格」一向比較復雜,可以額外歸納為注重情節和心理刻畫,以細節取勝,結局出人意料。
Focus on details and psychological description, Plots winner and unexpected ending. Good order and delicate word choosing.
Tell you what』s the meaning of real love Touch your heart with beautiful story.
本文的另外一個重點是作者,O Henry: 歐.亨利。
O Henry is the penname of William Sidney Porter. He began to write in name of O. Henry at the time he was in prison. He is famous for short novel. He is a proctive whiter and a celebrated author.
本文可能會出現的問題。Possible questions and suggestion answers.
1) Do you think it is unwise of Mr. Mrs. young to give up for each other his of her greatest treasure what comments do you make about their choice?
(你認為他們彼此放棄最寶貴的東西是不明智的么?對於他們的選擇你有什麼評論么?)
(本文可以對照lesson30 true love 來學習。)
2) what is the theme (主題)of the story? How do you feel about the end of the story?
3) Where do you think the climax of the story lies?
(參考回答2.The theme of the story is 「real love is the greatest treasure in the world.」 Love is a complex word including the conflict between reflex and reflection The end of the story is the best part of the story. It has conquered the reader』s heart and offer them an unexpected strange for imagination.
3 The climax of the story lies on the when Jim and Della surprised saw each other with cut their own best treasures at the moment they want to gave out their planned presents.
Lesson 2 No Marriage No apologies
文章講述的是現代人在不同年齡段和生活背景下對於婚姻的看法和觀點。以及作者對此所展開的思想和討論。文章的體裁類似於社會調查報告,通過案例分析,數據對比,正反面論證,背景資料剖析等方法。理智分析了婚姻這一社會性問題。
一、 文章的主題表現在結尾段的評述中
The theme of passage is : 「We can』t go back to a society where people don』t have sex or live together at all before marriage, Nor do they want to one whole people are matched up at 20 for life」.
So, we should treat marriage with a wisely eye and calm attitude. Follow with the social trace and find our own way.

二 如何學習類似文章:
此類刊登在報刊上的文章往往通過擺事實講道理,例證,數據,等具體信息來闡述對於某一社會問題的見解。藉以引起人群的廣泛探討。 我們建議通過略讀和尋讀相結合的方法。即:注重文章的關鍵部分,每一部分的首句和結尾句。尋讀信息的出現點,數據,例證,結論等。這樣一來。看似雜亂無章的布局也會輪廓清晰起來,細節理順了,主題理解自然也會水道渠成。
三 文章中的重點論證:
The very dramatic thing is the difference in attitudes in nontraditionally family behavior. Professor Bumpass, citing data from survey that showed only small segment of people disapproved of the premarital sex and cohabitation . It is clear to me that the trends we have been observing are likely to continue, with a declining emphasis on marriage.
People see little difference between marriage and cohabitation.

需要注意的10個詞語:

1 disapprove of 2 skittish 3 cautious 4 spirit 5 mores 6 institution 7 consultant 8 cohabitation 9 fidelity 10 match up
(Compare with Lesson 11)

Possible questions:
1 For what reason are more people choosing cohabitation rather than marriage?
(For many people, cohabitation provides a chance for a shared life without a shared bank account; no less strength of commutation, more freedom and less ties.)
2 Do you think that there is a cause – and – effect relation between cohabitation and divorce?
( Cohabitation can not translate into a good marriage but can effect the divorce because of it』s limitations.)
Lesson 11
It is about upbringing a child and the ecation problem. Upbringing and ecation are interdependent. Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently
Experienced, it will influence his or her later development.
從更加一般的意義上講,培養孩子的問題是一個家庭內部關系的問題,其中首要的前提是孩子與父母有穩定的感情,他們在對待孩子的問題上必須態度一致,既考慮孩子的心理健康也要適時開啟他們的智力道德和社會責任感。
Lesson 3 The Decameron
I)The author : Giovanni Boccaccio ,influenced by Pettrach (彼特。拉克) the pioneer of Europe Humanity Movement . His work including legendary, epic, poem, essay and so on. His most important work is 「The Decammeron」
《十日談》記述了1348 年, 義大利佛羅倫薩流行黑死病。十名青年(三男七女)結伴避於一鄉間別墅。為了消磨時光,他們每人每天講一個故事。〈〈十日談〉〉記述了他們所講的100個故事,其中許多故事取材於中世紀傳說,東方故事和歷史事件。〈〈十日談〉〉是歐洲文學史上第一部現實主義巨著,是義大利古典散文完美的典範,對歐洲文藝復興的文學影響極為深遠
「 it is the first great work of realism in literature history in Europe ,as well as the perfect model of Italian classical essay. It has profound influence on Europe renaissance literature for then and forever.
(II) The main idea of the story :
It is about a very beautiful and accomplished young girl Lisabetta ,who was born in a rich family with three young brothers. She fallen in love with Lorenzo who worked for her brothers and saw to all of their work. Her brother discovered their love affairs and they proposed to kill Lorenzo in order to apart the two lovers. At last, the Lisabetta died of crying and sadness. After a time the whole affair became known to many people. And hand down form generation to generation.

學習《十日談》重點在於作家和作品背景,抓住文章主旨和深層含義。以及他所要反映的現實主義思想。呼喚思想解放和人性自由的願望。人文主義思想也是學習的另一重點。

Lesson 4 and Lesson 5 The Canterbury Tales (i) (ii)
The Canterbury Tales vividly pictured the life of 14century and the people of every work of the society. It reflects the humanism spirit of rebelling to the feudalism and church. It contains 24 stories.
《坎特伯雷故事集》是英國現實主義文學創始人喬叟的代表作。他生動描述了十四世紀英國各界層的生活,體現了反封建反教會的人文主義思想。 喬叟被稱為英國詩歌之父。在文學史上享有很高聲譽。

Possible questions:
1) What was beauty according to the old ugly woman? What do you think is real beauty?
2) How did the Queen to find a way to save the life of knight?
3) Did the knight promise to what he promised?
4) Is there anything suggestion to men in the wife of Bath』s tale?
5) Do you agree that the love money is the cause of guilty?
6) How do you understand the word of 「death」 in the title?
Key sentences:
1) The love of money is the cause of all evil, It is the cause of all wrong-doing and of all the bad things which can happen to man.
2) To pardon means to forgive .God will then pardon them for any evil which they have done.
3) The three young men were very pleased to see all this money. They did not remember that they were trying to find Death.

第二部分 寓言,童話, 幽默小品文:

Lesson 6 The lady or the tiger
Lesson 8 The Fishman and his wife
Lesson 9 The Animals of Aesop
Lesson 10 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of the Calareras County

Lesson 9 The Animals of Aesop
The animals in Aesop always be given a moral or a lesson which we can learn from. Fables are never about true events, but they can tell us things about ourselves. Aesop wrote many fables about animals that talked and acted like human. And when we can find ourselves in them, we enjoy the stories even more.
In Aesop』s fables monkey, fox, crow, eagle, wolf are all on behalf of man』s personality and they do things like men do. They all represent different life attitude and different moral behaviors, whatever wise and stupid, kind and cruel. Aesop give life to animals and made them alive for hundreds and hundreds years.
伊索,約公元前六世紀古希臘寓言家。相傳他原為奴隸。善講寓言故事,諷刺權貴,褒貶時政,抗議不公正的生活階層的不幸。每一個故事都有道德方面的教訓和深刻的寓意。

(II) Key sentences:
I It is not good to listen to too much flattery words.
2 When a person says: 「I didn』t want that anyway, 」 it is often a case of 「sour grapes」

Lesson 10 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calareras Country

《卡拉維拉斯縣有名的跳蛙》這原來是在酒店裡流傳的笑話,馬克.吐溫聽過多次,在1865年紐約一家報紙上發表,以下就成了美國文學邊疆幽默故事的代表作,馬克.吐溫從此名聲大噪。這個看似荒誕怪異的故事,初看上去冗長,惱人,無用,甚至讓人感到乏味無聊。但是他真正的魅力就在於次。於輕松幽默之間。平淡無奇之中令人捧腹開懷,而後思揣良久。故事語言生動親切,人物造型豐滿,結構緊湊完整。

The key Characteristics:
Leonidasw. Smiley ; Jim Smiley; and Simon Wheeler

Possible questions:
1) Why couldn』t Daniel jump? How much did Smiley lose because he couldn』t jump?
2) What other kinds of animals did Smiley own besides his frog and horse?

第三部分 小說和題材小說

Novels and fiction

Lesson 12 A Day』s Wait
Lesson 13 Art for Heart』s Sake
Lesson 14 How to Live Like a Millionaire
Lesson 15 Rip Van Winkle (I)
Lesson 16 Rip Van Winkle (II)
Lesson 12 A Day』s Wait

Written by Ernest Hemingway (歐內斯特.海明威)
海明威的著作有長篇小說《太陽照樣升起》The Sun also Rises ,1926 《永別了,武器》(A Farewell to Arms,1929)《喪鍾為誰而鳴》(For Whom the Bells tolls, 1940)
and 《老人與海》 (The Old Man and the Sea, 1952)
In 1954 he won the Nobel Prize of literature. Hemingway often thought of courage as a person』s ability to be calm and controlled in the face of death.
He is noted for writing short story, simple sentences but powerful. You can look at the text closet and decide whether this is true of the language.
The story is built around the misunderstanding between the father and his little son. They are each thinking of different things in the conversation. We can see the character of the father form the hunting scene and his influence upon his son.
Lesson 14
How do you accumulate wealth?
Do you agree with that millionaires who measure success by how much net worth one has accumulated? The story tells us information is crucial not only to the investors but also to the other fields of life and work.
Whatever we did, it occurred to us that we are making wealth accumulation to your good every day. So art for heart』s sake. Because in today you are walking into tomorrow and don』t pay all you attention ton what you want to accumulate the wealth.

Lesson 15
Lesson 16
(I)(Rip Van Winkle)瑞普.凡.溫克爾的作者 Washington Irving 華盛頓,歐文。 出生於美國獨立戰爭結束的1783年。在這樣一個特殊的歷史背景下, 已有的社會習慣和社會生活方式發生了很大的改變,人們生活的各個方面也有了重大變革。一切都需要變化同時也需要適應。從人們的思想、習慣、價值觀和工作態度,不再需要彷惶和茫然,需要的是積極的順應變化並且找到自己的新的位置。
像在 Dutch Village (荷蘭殖民者留下的小村,直到1776年 美國獨立前一直是英屬殖民地。)
Rip is a lazy man , idleness and henpecked husband. After a 20 years sleeping. Everything has changed, the village where he lived, the friends who feel pity upon him, the inn where he could got fun and the tree where he could got relax. Everything had changed and vanished forever. He was himself alone and he couldn』t adopt to the new society and the same time he refused to acknowledged the time of the new world .
(II) Washington Irving 華盛頓.歐文 是第一位引起世界文壇注意美國作家,被譽為美國文學之父。他最著名的散文民間故事集《見聞札記》其中的現代短篇小說《睡谷的傳說》(The legend of the Sleepy Hollow) and ( Rip Van Winkle)
He is skilled in situational description and plot foil. His gentle style and beautiful language made him distinguished from the writers at his age.

『貳』 英語人物型閱讀!!急!!

1. a 2. are 3. active 4. like 5. warm 6. good 7. big 8. bad 9. much 10. less

『叄』 關於英語閱讀方面的美國常用背景知識介紹包括常見人物故事介紹的

如果抄你是中學生為了考試而看,我覺得沒有必要浪費時間。那個挺專業的,沒有必要看。如果是大學生,時間較充裕,那我推薦你看看《歐美概況》《歐美文化入門》這些書,專業書籍,雖然不是面面俱到,但是一般的歐美文化 歷史 政治都有。祝你有耐心看下去。

『肆』 黑布林英語閱讀彼得潘裡面有哪些主要人物

溫蒂、約翰、麥克爾、彼得潘、達林夫婦

『伍』 英語閱讀

英語閱讀理解技巧
新的高中英語教學大綱明確規定:"側重提高閱讀能力"。縱觀近幾年的高考英語試題,我們不難看出,閱讀理解能力是高考考查的重點,自始至終占著主導地位,並且有逐年增加的趨勢。可以毫不誇張地說,做好閱讀理解題,是獲得高考英語高分的關鍵!
閱讀理解能力測試的主要要求是:
1. 讀材料的主旨和大意,以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節。
2. 既理解具體的事實,也理解抽象的概念。
3. 既理解字面的意思,也理解深層的含義,包括作者的態度,意圖等。
4. 既理解某句,某段的含義,也理解全篇的邏輯關系,並據此進行推理和判斷。
5. 既能根據所提供的信息去理解,也能結合中學生應有的常識去理解。根據這五項要求,我們可將閱讀理解多項選擇題歸納為以下幾種題型:細節理解題,詞句理解題,主題、主旨題,猜測詞義題,推理判斷題。下面作者結合平時教學中的經驗體會,談一談做英語閱讀理解題的技巧與策略。
一、 先看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
即先看試題,再讀文章。閱讀題干,首先要掌握問題的類型,分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題。客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調,作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等,這類題必須經過對作者的態度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然後有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關信息進行快速定位,再將相關信息進行整合、甄別、分析、對比,有根有據地排除干擾項,選出正確答案。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的准確率,節省了寶貴的時間。特別適用於對圖形表格類題材的理解。
二、 速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀的目的是獲取信息。一個人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力。沒有一定的閱讀速度就不能順利地輸入信息,更談不上運用英語。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鍾40個詞左右。考生必須在十分有限的時間內運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節、人物、觀點,並且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質。
抓主題句這是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現在文章的開頭和結尾。用歸納法撰寫的文章,都是表述細節的句子在前,概述性的句子居後。此時主題句就是文章的最後一句。通常用演繹法撰寫的文章,大都遵循從一般到個別的寫作程序,即從概述開始,隨之輔以細說。這時,主題句就是文章的第一句。當然也有些文章沒有主題句,需要讀者自己去歸納。主題句往往對全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用,主旨大意題,歸納概括題,中心思想題往往直接可從主題句中找到答案。
試試看,你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎?
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
不難看出,文章的第一句是主題句,後面的句子都圍繞這個句子展開。

三、 詳讀細節,理順思路與文章脈絡。
文章絕不是互不相乾的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。作者為文,有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心,以時間或空間為線索,按事件的發生、發展、結局展開故事;論述體則包含論點、論據、結論三大要素,通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點。你可根據文章的特點,詳讀細節,以動詞、時間、地點、事件、因果等為線索,找出關鍵詞語,運用"畫圖列表法",勾畫出一幅完整清晰的文章主題和細節的認知圖。
四、 邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者並未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關系,研究細節的暗示,推敲作者的態度,理解文章的寓義。這就是通常所說的深層理解。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題(中心思想,加標題等)和推理判斷題,是閱讀理解中的難點。深層理解是一種創造性的思維活動。它必須忠實於原文;要以文章提供的事實和線索為依據,立足已知推斷未知,不能憑空想像,隨意揣測;它要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思,推理才有前提和基礎。
推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。
例如高考題:
Annealing
Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.
1. Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.
A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation
3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.
D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.
1、 答案為A,此題屬推斷歸納題。文中第二句說如果把金屬加熱,然後迅速放到水裡冷卻,也就會變得非常硬,但也變得脆。hard 是工藝的主觀目的。brittle是伴隨的客觀結果,故選A而不選D。B項明顯錯誤;C項是手段不是目的,因此,都可排除。
2、 答案為D,此題屬概括歸納題。timing 是時間的選擇。本答案的依據是5和6兩句,"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的時間是可以控制的,時間越長越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我們可得出結論:在退火過程中,金屬的硬度是受到冷卻的時間長短影響的。
3、 答案為C此題屬推理判斷題。文中提到"metal"。最後一句說退火工藝同樣可用於象玻璃一類的其他材料。文中我們已知"annealing"就是先"heat"後"cool slowly"。由此推斷C是正確的。
五、 猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力,也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要准確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞彙。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
a. 定義法
如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子給予annealing 以明確的定義,即"退火"。
It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.
從後面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。
The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.
定語從句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為"牧人"。
b 同位法
如:
They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.
同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義,即"城堡"。
We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.
兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。
c. 對比法
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一詞表轉折,因此but 前後的意思正相反。後半句的意思是她今天"第一節上了一半才來",因此反向推理,可得出她平時一向"准時"的結論。
d. 構詞法(前綴、後綴、復合、派生等)
Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility 是 possible 的同根名詞, 據此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。
e. 因果法
The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.
從後面的結果"永遠不能再運動"中,可以推測 permanent
回答者:轉龍木丁西 - 舉人 四級 12-12 16:19

最佳答案
閱讀方法點滴
閱讀是主動地、積極地獲取信息的創造行為,是培養學生通過視覺感知書面文字元號並獲取信息能力的途徑,更是提高聽、說、寫能力的有力杠桿,它在英語學習中起著至關重要的作用。在近幾年的高考英語試卷中,閱讀的分值(閱讀理解,完形填空,改錯)佔了整個試卷分值的一半以上。99年高考英語試卷閱讀理解的篇幅在增長,難度也有所加大。筆者認為要提高英語閱讀水平,學生需做到以下幾點:
一、多採用Top-down閱讀法

自上而下(Top-down)閱讀是從語篇整體出發,把注意力集中在通過文字元號獲取信息上,即按文章所給的標題先對文章的內容與含義作出推斷,理解作者所要表達的意思。

運用自上而下的閱讀法的關鍵是培養學生預測、推斷文章內容和含義的能力,從而提高閱讀理解能力。

通過略看文章的總體結構安排或文章的標題來預測文章的內容及深層含義,可從下列幾方面去推測:

1.文章寫了哪幾方面的內容?

2.作者將從哪幾方面來闡述?

3.內容將如何發展下去?

在閱讀時要注意不同的英文文體,因為文體對信息的組織和布局模式有著重大影響。訓練掌握各種英語文體的結構特徵,有利於歸納文章和進行邏輯推理。例如:記敘文以敘事為主必定有三個要素:情節、人物和背景。情節的發展多以時間、地點的轉移為線索。因此,閱讀記敘文時,必須抓住時間這條線索,以人物為中心,弄清故事的發生、發展、結局。再如議論文和說明文有一個共同點,就是段落大多有主題句(較多地出現在段首或段末),要抓住主題句,發掘每一個主旨,弄清文章的中心論點,以便更加詳細地預測文章的內容,吃透整篇文章的表層及深層含義。

二、正確處理好精讀與泛讀間的關系。

精讀和泛讀是閱讀時兩種主要方法,兩者相輔相存,不可偏廢也無法代替。

1.注重閱讀材料的選擇。

選擇合適的精泛閱讀材料是提高英語閱讀的重要手段。選擇字數為200左右,後面配有習題的閱讀材料為宜。閱讀材料體裁要多樣化——敘事類、科普類、議論或說明類、廣告類等。要注重文章的實用性。所選材料的難易程度以理解正確率達60%~70%,生詞量不超過4%為恰當。

2.精讀泛讀相輔相存。

比起泛讀,精讀是點。對一些有一定難度寫得較好的文章要進行剖析,要歸納、總結作者的寫作意圖、思路及中心論點,最後達到獲取詳細信息和深層次內容的目的。如果說精讀是點,泛讀即是面。只有通過大量閱讀,才能積累大量詞彙、結構和句型,才能積累大量詞彙、結構和句型,才能擴大知識面,培養語感,提高對文字的反應能力。在泛讀時,要根據上下文提高自己猜測生詞的能力,不要一看到生詞就查詞典,要弄清文中批示代詞和人稱代詞所指代的對象。要對自己進行限時閱讀。一篇200字左右難度適中的閱讀文章,爭取6分鍾之內做完其閱讀理解題。在閱讀時,要多積累英、美等國家的社會、歷史、地理、文化及風俗方面的知識,這有利於提高閱讀水平。要培養良好的閱讀習慣。閱讀時,要從意群上去看,不要逐字讀,更不要用筆或手指邊指邊出聲讀,這樣有礙理解文章的意思,而且影響閱讀速度。

閱讀是一個綜合過程,閱讀能力的提高更是一個循序漸進的過程。學生只有堅持不懈,鍥而不舍地改進閱讀方法,培養閱讀興趣,才能達到事半功倍的效果。

影響閱讀理解的因素可分為知識性障礙和非知識性障礙。知識性障礙包括:1.詞彙障礙2..語法障礙 3.背景知識障礙 。非知識性障礙包括:1. 心理障礙 2.閱讀習慣. 3..閱讀速度4.閱讀技巧

(一)重視英語詞彙和習慣用法的積累

美國語言學家Driller (1978)根據詞彙統計特徵指出:如果我們認得25個最常見的英文單詞,平均每頁紙上的詞我們會認得33%;如果認得135個常用詞,則為50%;如果認得2500個,則為78%;如果認得5 000個,則為80%;一旦記得10 000個,可達92%。可見,閱讀能力的高低和詞彙量的大小是分不開的,目前大部分學生的詞彙量偏少, 這是影響閱讀能力提高的主要因素。那麼怎樣才能提高學生的詞彙量呢?

1. 構詞記憶法

據估計,英語詞彙有100萬到120萬,但大部分單詞是由構詞法構成的。構詞法包括派生、合成和轉化。在教學中,讓學生掌握常用的前綴(un/dis/im/il /super.)、後綴( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含義及用法,就可以根據已知詞猜出它的派生詞,從而達到擴大詞彙的目的。如:前綴super 有超過,超越的含義,就可以猜出supermarket (超級市場)supernatural (超自然的)、 superman (超人)、superstar (超級明星)等詞的含義。。

2. 聯想記憶法

由一個詞聯想到和它有關或無關的詞,如看到live vi 生活,聯想到其他詞性及用法,如,直播的、活的等詞義。

3. 廣泛閱讀記憶法

「To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.」 這句名言道出了閱讀和詞彙量的關系。要有流利的閱讀,就必須有豐富的詞彙。大量的閱讀可以豐富你的詞彙。

(二) 牢固掌握語法知識

近年來的NMET閱讀理解短文的句式結構趨向復雜,語法知識在閱讀中的作用已經突顯出來。如在閱讀中遇到另人費解的長句、難句,就可以藉助語法,對句子進行適當的分析,搞清各部分的關系,從而准確理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 為例。該句的29個詞中包含了主語從句,賓語從句、並列句和破折號連接的附加說明等多種關系。其中並列句中又有復合句,復合句中又有並列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清,才能掌握其意思。

(三)、積累一定的文化背景知識和生活知識

英語閱讀能力的提高不僅需要一定的語言知識,還要有一定的文化背景知識和生活知識。例如在NMET2003的閱讀理解A篇,該篇選材涉及地理,介紹了兩座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands,一個為Guinness Book of Records 所認定的Tristan da Cunha;另一為復活島(Easter Island)文章中出現了較多的專有名詞,對於閱讀經驗不足的同學會形成干擾,而對於那些對Easter Day 等背景知識了解的同學,相對就會好些。另外在C篇中,出現了書刊號,如果熟悉這些,就會減少好多閱讀困難。

(四)培養良好的閱讀習慣,掌握有效的閱讀技巧

要養成良好的閱讀習慣,就要求平時多朗讀,背誦精彩段落和文章,以培養語感。另外,有的同學在閱讀時出聲讀、點讀或回讀,這些不良習慣都會影響閱讀速度和對文章的理解。所以要克服這些不良習慣,作到不回讀,不聲讀,不點讀等。只有這樣,閱讀速度才能加快,理解的准確率才能提高。

除了良好的閱讀習慣外,也要掌握正確的閱讀技巧。教師要指導學生形成正確的思維方法。一般閱讀時應注意以下幾點:

1、略讀(Skimming)即迅速瀏覽全文,抓住文章大意和主題句,明確作者的態度和意圖。

2、跳讀(Skipping) 即快速查找某一相關信息,讀時要一目十行,對不相關的內容一帶而過。

3、猜測生詞(Guessing the new words) 在閱讀過程中,不可避免的會遇到生詞。如果一遇到生詞就去查字典,或跳過去不看,都會影響對文章的理解。這樣就要猜測生詞的意思。不同的語境,單詞的意思也就不一樣。所以要根據上下文線索和構詞法等知識去猜測。

「冰凍三尺,非一日之寒」 提高閱讀能力,不是一朝一夕就能做到的。只要堅持正確的閱讀方法,培養興趣,廣泛閱讀,積累詞彙,並且養成良好的閱讀習慣,閱讀理解能力一定會逐步提高。

希望上面的經驗,能夠給你幫助,至於介紹書籍嘛,我建議你可以通過多看看報紙電視來學英語,當然多和別人交流對英語水平提高最有利,畢竟你所處的環境對你提高英語很有幫助,最後介紹你看看英文版的哈里波特6,對你也許有幫助。

好長,慢慢看,呵呵

『陸』 要5篇分類英語閱讀:動植物,人物,科技發明,中西方文化介紹(節日),地理知識。要5道練習題及答案

動植物:
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores(胚芽)。 Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants.
. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.
A. plants are important for life
B. plants cannot grow without air
C. there are many plants in the world
D. we can not live without water
2. Plants can make food from______.
A. flower, water and air
B. water, sunlight and air
C. air, water and soil
D. air, sun and light
3. What can we infer(推斷) from the passage ?
A. Of all living things animals are most important
B. Spores are seeds
C. All fruits of flowering plants have seeds
D. Without plants, man will die out
4. This passage may be taken from______.
A. a medicine book
B. a novel
C. a science magazine
D. an experiment report
5. The underlined word 「protected」 in the third paragraph can be replaced by ______.
A. damaged B. polluted C. prevented D. guarded
1-5 ABDCD

『柒』 英語閱讀理解英雄人物

BCDAA

『捌』 英語閱讀怎麼寫

1、字面理解層(Literal comprehension Level):這一層是指讀者僅僅理解文章的字面意義,辨認和回想文章大意、細節、事件發生的順序、人物特徵和因果關系等。
2、推論理解層(inferential comprehension):這是讀者根據文章的結構,從字里行間推測詞義、文章大意、事件發生順序、細節和人物特徵的過程。
3、評論理解層(evaluative comprehension level):這是讀者憑借自己的閱讀經驗和語言能力、分析、評價文章的優劣的過程。如評估信息的確切性,事件發生的可能性以及證明事實的可信性等。
上述閱讀理解的三大層次有助於我們認識它們在閱讀過程中相互間的關系和作用。字面理解層主要依靠語法能力或語言能力完成;推論理解層主要依靠閱讀技巧和語言能力來完成;而評價理解層則是讀者與作者的觀點融合的過程。
二、向學生介紹提高閱讀理解能力的方法:
1、不斷擴大詞彙量。語言的學習是語言知識積累的過程。要求學生進行詞彙的積累,能為今後的再學習奠定基礎。擴大詞彙量的具體方法有:①利用構詞法猜測生詞意義。常見的詞綴有com-,im-,un-,dis-等前綴及-or, --ist,-tion等後綴;同時,也可利用轉化法及合成法。這是擴大詞彙量,提高閱讀理解能力的好方法。②利用語境,分析句子結構的關系,結合常識來推測詞的意義,如同位語關系、反義關系、因果關系等,對文章句子理解的基礎上猜測詞義,加強閱讀理解的能力。③運用歸納法,即把同一類詞歸納在一起,如把有關貨幣與金融的詞彙、文藝與體育的詞彙歸納在一起記憶。
2、鞏固掌握所學語法知識。語法是語言的組織規律,是關於詞形變化和組詞成句的規則。熟練掌握和運用語法知識,如時態、語態、語氣,從句等,這些都有助於提高我們的閱讀理解能力。
3、拓寬知識面,增加背景知識。我們要充分理解閱讀材料,准確把事因、動機、細節、寫作意圖和態度等運用常識及背景知識去理解文章所傳遞的信息,運用讀者頭腦里的知識去消化、吸收文章內容。如果對文章所涉及的歷史、文化、政治、經濟、宗教、風土人情等知識缺乏了解,就不能真正讀懂文章的內涵,從而導致理解困難,背景知識的題材多樣,內容廣泛,涉及的背景知識包括天文地理、風土人情、政治歷史、文化教育、科學技術、交通環境、人物傳略等。這些知識要求學生在日常的學習英語過程中,要善於積累

『玖』 英語閱讀,主旨大意題,人物傳記類

因為這篇文章的重點不是講述了Jim Carrey的演藝生涯,而是講述他在面對困難的時候的表現。所以說最好的題目是A。

『拾』 簡單的英語閱讀短文。 有關人物事跡或故事的,帶走一點的教育意義,不要太長,初三難度上下。

題目是Mary has a little lamb 瑪麗有一頭小羔羊
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern GREece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field ring the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.

When Dimitri came in from the fields, His wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his back-yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain !

瑪麗與丈夫迪米特里住在希臘南部一個叫波拉考拉的小村莊里。瑪麗最珍貴的財產之一就是丈夫送給她的一隻白色小羔羊。白天,瑪麗把羔羊拴在地里的一棵樹上。每天晚上把它牽回家。可是,一天晚上,那隻小羔羊失蹤了。繩子被人割斷,很明顯小羔羊是被人偷走了。

迪米特里從地里回來,妻子把情況跟他一說,他馬上出去找偷羔羊的人。他知道在這樣一個小村莊里抓住小偷並不困難。把失竊的事告訴幾個朋友後,迪米特里發現他的鄰居阿列科家突然多了一隻小羔羊。迪米特里立刻去了阿列科家,氣呼呼地指責他偷了羔羊,告訴他最好把羊交還,否則就去叫警察。阿列科不承認,並把迪米特里領進院子。不錯,他的確剛買了一隻羔羊,阿列科解釋說,但他的羔羊是黑色的。迪米特里為自己的魯莽而感到不好意思,向阿列科道了歉,說是錯怪了他。就在他倆說話的時候,天下起了雨,迪米特里便呆在阿列科家裡避雨,一直等到雨停為止。半小時後,當他從屋裡出來時,他驚奇地發現小黑羔羊全身幾乎都變成了白色。原來羊毛上染的黑色被雨水沖掉了!

你看看可不可以吧~滿意請採納哦。

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