初中英語的閱讀目標
『壹』 初中英語學習目標
如果你真的抄很想把英語搞上來
聽我的吧
從你看到我的留言那一天開始
每天堅持早晚 各花一小時 背你的初三英語課本
一篇一篇來
別著急 慢慢來 不用太快
但要有一定的節奏 即三天或四天背一篇
做下去吧
花不了你多長時間
兩三個月之後
肯定不小進步
中考之前 會有一個質的飛躍
那時候 你可能就是你班NO.1 了
而且能力上去了
以後學英語會越學越輕松
相信你是個有心人且有潛力的人
照我的話做吧
這是所有方法中最有效而且提高最快的方法
雖然看似笨拙
送你一句話:世上無難事 只怕有心人
切忌 每天都要做啊
每天提高一點點!!!!!!!
『貳』 速求初一英語閱讀理解9篇(新目標的)短一點
新目標七年級英語閱讀訓練題(2008年11月)
Today is the first day of March. I get up early in the morning and my father and my mother say to me happily, 「Happy birthday to you!」 「Thank you very much, Mummy and Daddy!」 I say to them.
I get lots of gifts today and they are all in the nice boxes.
My father gives me a blue box and there is a dictionary in it. My mother gives a pink box to me and there is a beautiful dress in it. The dress is also pink.
My friend, Lily, brings me a tennis racket as gift. I like this gift because I like playing tennis. We often play tennis at the weekends.
There is another box on my bed and there is a paper on the box, it says 「Your gift is on the dresser!」 I find a beautiful scarf in that box and it is from grandmother.
I like today, March the first because I have a happy birthday. I love my family and my friend.
根據上面的短文判斷下列句子的正誤。
( ) 1. From the passage, we know the writer is a girl.
( ) 2. Women』s Day is the writer』s birthday.
( ) 3. The writer gets the same gift from the parents.
( ) 4. The writer』s friend gives the writer a scarf as gift.
( ) 5. There are four people in the writer』s family.
新目標英語七年級閱讀練習(1)(October the tenth, 2008)
Johnson is an eight-year-old boy. Johnson is a good boy. Johnson does well in all his lessons. Johnson loves school and he is always active in class. Every time the teacher asks a question, Johnson always puts up his hand quickly. Sometimes his answer is wrong, but the teacher always smiles (微笑) and says, "Good, Johnson. But is there a better answer to my question?"
One day, the teacher asks the boys and girls a question. "Swallows(燕子) fly to the south before winter is coming," he says. "But why don`t cats and dogs do the same?"
Johnson lifts (舉) his hand as usual.
"Yes, Johnson?" says the teacher happily.
Johnson stands up and says, "Because they have no wings (翅膀)."
根據文章內容,判斷下面句子的正誤,正確的用「√」表示,錯誤的用「×」表示。
( )1. Johnson is 8 years old this year.
( )2. Johnson doesn』t like school.
( )3. Johnson is good at his lessons.
( )4. Johnson』s answers are always right in the class.
( )5. Swallows fly to the south when(當……的時候) winter comes.
( )6. This time(次),Johnson』s answer is right.
閱讀一
There are 365 days in a year. We sleep 8 hours a day, so we have 122 days for sleeping. Then our work time has 243 days left. But there are 52 weekends in a year. Each weekend is two days. We lose another 104 days a year for work. It takes us about one hour to have breakfast and supper. This comes to 15 days over a year. But we can』t work all that time-we need a holiday. Let』s say we have three weeks』 holiday. We don』t work all day. Four free hours each evening takes up 61 days. We have to remember that we get 2 days』 holiday at Easter, 3 at Christmas and 1 at the New Year. There are also 4 Bank holidays. Take those 10 days away and we have 32 days for work. But then we have one and a half hours』 lunch every day, and half an hour』s coffee break. That comes to 30 days a year. This means that we have only a few days left for work every year!
注釋:
1. 243 days left:剩下243天
2. Easter:n.復活節
3. one and a half:一個半
4. half an hour:半小時
1. How many days do we sleep in a year? __________ days.
A. 365 B. 122 C. 8 D. 52
2. We spend 15 days on __________.
A. rest B. coffee break
C. lunch D. breakfast and supper
3. Which of the following is true? __________
A. Each weekend is one day.
B. We have 61 days for free time.
C. We get 3 days』 holiday at Easter.
D. Coffee break takes us one hour.
4. According to the passage, we know that we don』t have __________ time to work every year.
A. much too B. so many C. too much D. too many
5. The writer means __________.
A. we should know the numbers
B. time is important and we』d better not waste it
C. we need more holidays
D. a few days for work is enough
閱讀二
The weather was fine last night. My friend named Steve and I decided to sleep in the open air. I found the sleeping bags under the bed in my room. I also packed some snacks(零食). We could hardly wait for it to get dark. We opened our sleeping bags and put them on the grass in front of my house. Steve and I played some games, talked about something interesting and had a snack. In the end it got dark. We were just falling asleep when We heard something unusual.
「Maybe it is just a small animal,」 I said. Steve said nothing, but I could feel he was frightened. After I looked around, I was sure it wasn』t an animal. It was my little brother, Tommy.
「What are you doing here?」 I asked. 「You know, Tommy, you frightened us.」
「Sorry, Bill,」 he said. 「It』s hot in the room. I want to sleep outside with you.」
「Well, OK,」 I said. 「Just come and lie down next to us.」
「Good night, Bill and Steve,」 said Tommy. 「And thanks.」
注釋
1. in the open air:露天
2. sleeping bag:睡袋
3. something important:一些重要的事,在英語中something, somebody…等不定代詞的修飾詞要放在該詞的後面。
4. fall asleep:入睡,睡熟。
1. Where did Steve and Bill decide to sleep last night?
A. In Steve』s house. B. In Bill』s house.
C. Outside Steve』s house. D. Outside Bill』s house.
2. When did Bill find the sleeping bags?
A. Before it got dark. B. After it got dark.
C. At midnight. D. This morning.
3. How did Steve feel when he heard something strange?
A. Sad. B. Angry. C. Happy. D. Afraid.
4. What did Tommy come out of the house to do?
A. To drink with Bill.
B. To eat food with Steve.
C. To sleep with Bill and Steve.
D. To play games with Bill and Steve.
5. How many persons slept in the open air at last in the story?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
閱讀三
Dear Jack,
How are you? I have been in the USA for six months. I like the life here. I have a few friends. I don』t have much homework. There are a lot of sports at my school, but I don』t like sports at all. I like the food very much. I eat a lot of different kinds of food every day. I like coke(可樂)very much. I don』t drink water. I drink coke instead(代替). I』m enjoying my life here. The sad thing is that sometimes I get ill. I don』t know why. My parents say I must go on a diet and do more sports. Must I?
Yours,
David
注釋:
1. a lot of:許多。
2. at all:用於否定句句尾表示加強語氣,一點也不。
3. get ill:生病。
4. go on a diet:節食。
5. do sport:參加鍛煉。
判斷下列句子是否符合短文內容,符合的寫「T」,不符合的寫「F」。
1. David has been in America for six months.
2. David has to do much homework.
3. There are many sports at David』s school.
4. David likes coke better than water.
5. David knows why he is often ill.
閱讀四
One day, Allan and his friend Henry went swimming in a river. It was very hot. How happy they were in the river! After they got out of the water, they played games in the sun for a while.
On their way back, Henry saw some flowers. He liked flowers very much and ran into the green field to look at them. Now Allan was walking by himself.
Then he heard Henry calling out, 「A snake! Help! …」
「What』s wrong with you?」 asked Allan.
「A snake bit(咬)me in the leg. Come here!」
Allan ran over and saw a small red wound(傷口)on Henry』s leg.
「The snake was in the grass. I didn』t see it.」
「Sit down quickly!」 Allan told Henry.
Allan put his mouth at the little red wound and began to suck(吸)at it. In this way he saved(挽救)Henry』s life. 「Oh, Allan, it』s very kind of you to help me.」
「That』s all fight. We are friends and we must always help each other.」
1. It was __________ when Allan and Henry went out.
A. hot B. cold C. raining D. wet
2. After swimming, they played in the sun __________.
A. the whole morning B. for 2 hours
C. long D. for a while
3. On their way home, __________ got something wrong with his __________.
A. Allan; leg B. Allan; head
C. Henry; leg D. Henry; head
4. Henry and Allan are __________.
A. workers B. good friends C. brothers D. farmers
5. Which of the following(下面的)is true?
A. Henry went to look at the flowers with Allan.
B. Allan saved Henry』s life.
C. Allan was bitten by the sanke, too.
D. Allan died at last.
Brain is a school boy. He』s twelve. He lives in Shanghai now. He is from England. He studies in a middle school. He gets up at half past five every day. He has breakfast at seven after that, he goes to school with his friends. They have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. In the evening he does his homework at home, but he often watches TV on Saturday evening. Brain likes drawing. He joins an art club. He likes reading story books. Now he is reading an English book in his room.
71.Brain is a ____________.
A. student B. girl C. teacher
72.Brain gets up ____________every day.
A. at seven B. early C. at six
73.Brain does his homework ____________.
A. every evening B. at school C. at home
74.Brain likes ____________.
A. English and Chinese B. playing football C. drawing and reading
75.Brain has ____________ classes at school every day.
A. four B. six C. five
(A)
閱讀短文,然後根據內容判斷正(√)誤(×)。
Mr and Mrs Scott want to buy some new chairs for their new house. They come into a shop and see some very good chairs on the floor. They like the colour and want to know how much they are. They see a price tag (標簽) on one chair. It says (上面寫著) "¥100". They like the chair but they are too dear (貴) for them. The Scotts don't think they can buy them now. They leave this shop and go to other shops. Mr Scott thinks they can find some cheap chairs.
( ) 1. Mr and Mrs Scott have a new house.
( ) 2. They want to buy tables and chairs for their house.
( ) 3. They think the chairs in this shop are cheap.
( ) 4. They leave the shop and go home.
( ) 5. They want to buy good and cheap chairs.
( B )
閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。
Mary is an American schoolgirl. She is now in Beijing with her parents. She doesn't know Chinese, but she is trying (努力) to study and speak it. She often tries to speak Chinese to her Chinese friends. Sometimes they don't understand (理解) her, because she can't speak Chinese well.
It's Saturday morning. Mary goes out. She is on her way to the park. She is going there to see a flower show (展覽). But she doesn't know how to get there. She asks a Chinese boy. The boy can't understand her. Then she takes out a pen and some paper. She draws flowers on it, gives the picture to the boy and says something about it. The boy smiles and then shows (指給) Mary the way to the park.
( ) 1. Where does Mary live now? She lives in ____.
A. America B. England C. China D. Canada
( ) 2. She can speak ____ Chinese.
A. much B. a little C. little D. a few
( ) 3. She likes ____ Chinese with her ____.
A. speak, parents B. speaking, friends
C. speaks, girl-friends D. speaking, teachers
( ) 4. Where is she going?
A. To a new school. B. To see her friends.
C. To a farm. D. To see some flowers.
( ) 5. How does she ask the way to the flower show?
A. She asks the way in Chinese.
B. She asks the way with a sigh (標志).
C. She draws a picture to ask the way.
D. She doesn't ask any people.
閱讀短文,判斷正誤。正確的寫「T」,錯誤的寫「F」。
Mr Jones and Mr Brown work in the same office (辦公室).One day Mr Jones says to Mr Brown , 「I will have a small party at our house on Monday evening . Would you and your wife like to come ?」
Mr Brown says , 「Thank you very much . I』d love to , but let me ask my wife first . 」 So Mr Brown goes to the other room and telephones his wife . Then he comes back and looks very worried .
「What』s the matter?」 asks Mr Jones . 「Is you wife there at home ?」
「No,」 answers Mr Brown . 「She isn』t there . My small son answers the telephone . I say to him , 『Is your mother there , David ?』 and he answers 『No , she isn』t in the house .』 『Where is she ?』 I ask , 『She is somewhere outside(在外面) .』 『What』s she doing ?』 『She is looking for me .』」
( )1.There is a party at Mr Jones』s house on Monday evening .
( )2.Mr Jones asks Mr Brown and his wife to go to the party .
( )3.The telephone is in Mr Brown』s office.
( )4.Mr Brown speaks to Mrs Brown on the telephone .
( )5.Mrs Brown is looking for her son .
(D)
閱讀短文,選擇正確答案。
One Sunday morning Mr Green and his child , Bill ,are in a big shop . Mr Green wants to buy a new blouse for Mrs Green . Bill likes oranges , so his father buys two kilos(公斤)of oranges for him , too . Bill wants to buy some picture—books and colour pencils , too . There are many people in the shop . They are men and women , old and young . They all want to buy something there .
( )6.Mr Green goes to the shop with .
A.Mrs green B.his son C.his daughter D.his father
( )7.Mr Green wants to buy a new blouse for .
A.Bill』s mother B.Bill C.his friend D.other people
( )8.Bill likes .
A.all the things B.the new blouse C.oranges D.orange
( )9.Bill wants to buy .
A.some picture—books B.some colour pencils C.clothes in the shop D.A and B
( )10.The shop is .
A.empty B.close C.full of children D.full of people
『叄』 怎樣安排初中英語閱讀課的教學內容
閱讀教學是中學英語教學的一個重要組成部分,義務教育階段英語課程的目的是激發和培養學生的學習興趣,發展自主學習的能力,形成有效的學習策略;使學生掌握一定的語言基本知識和基本技能,建立初步的語感,獲得初步運用英語的能力;開發智力,培養觀察、記憶、思維、想像和創造能力;了解文化差異,培養愛國主義精神,增強世界意識,為繼續學習運用英語切實打好基礎。
英語閱讀教學是一個較為復雜的過程,其中每一個環節都有可能關繫到閱讀教學的整體質量。我們既要重視對學生閱讀策略能力的培養,又要重視學生對閱讀習慣、技巧的培養,這樣才能更好地提高學生的閱讀能力和英語運用能力。現行初中英語教材(Junior English Go For It人教版新目標)中,閱讀課文在各單元都有分布,在八年級下及九年級每單元還有一篇拓展閱讀,這些閱讀文章涵蓋歷史事件,旅遊,課餘生活等話題,具有篇幅長,句式復雜,詞彙障礙多,教學難度大的特點。閱讀課在我們平時的英語教學中尤為重要,怎樣上好閱讀課成為英語教師教學中的關鍵。那麼,閱讀課應如何把握,遵循哪些原則呢?
一、主要原則
1、整體性原則。整體性原則一是指在教學中教師要從單元整體出發,整體把握教材的邏輯體系,通盤考慮教材處理:將一單元中各課的內容和教學過程所涉及的有關環節作整體安排和設計,使各部分、各環節構成一個合理、優化的整體,在不同的階段有所側重。從閱讀教學而言,教師應當清楚在一個單元中,哪些聽、說、寫的內容與閱讀有關,教師應當有意進行鋪墊,或利用之進行擴展。其二,是指在閱讀教學中採用語篇教學法。 語篇教學法是指從語篇分析入手,把語篇作為一個整體來考慮,要求學習者從其層次結構及內容上入手,最大量地獲取和掌握文章所傳遞的信息,同時逐步培養其恰當使用語言的能力。所以這種方法可以達到把語篇分析、打語言基礎及提高交流能力三者有機結合起來的目的。
2、交際性原則。學習語言是為了交流。交流可以是口頭的(聽說),也可以是書面的(讀寫)。閱讀教學也應注意突出「交流」二字,既要理解文字的含義,更要注意語境及角色。在閱讀教學中強調交流,實質上是強調語言的實踐。
3、實踐性原則。初中英語課堂教學形式的實踐性表現在教師的主導作用及學生的主體地位上,即學生在教師的指導下進行豐富多彩的語言實踐活動。現代外語教學的核心理念之一是以學生為主體。以學生為主體的課堂具有以下特點:1、學生的心理需求得到關照,教師善於覺察到學生在外語學習中各種認知的或情感的需要,並能及時採取相應的措施;2、最大限度的讓學生積極和自主地學習,在心理上、學習資源上為學生自主學習創造條件;3、師生關系是合作的、互動的,教師協助學生學習而不是主宰學習。由此看出,教師的角色並非課堂的主宰者而應是學生學習的協助者。
4、精泛結合原則。精讀和泛讀是閱讀的兩個方面。精讀屬於分析性閱讀,它對課文中各種語言現象進行分析,並詳細講解其內容。精讀是使學生獲得語言知識的重要途徑。而泛讀則是綜合性閱讀,它不進行語言形式的分析,只要求了解閱讀材料的內容。泛讀是擴大語言知識和吸收信息的重要手段。由此可見,精讀和泛讀的教學目的和教學要求是不同的。在入門階段應以精讀為主,教給學生基本的語音、語法、詞彙、句型等基礎知識,讓學生盡量多地背誦一些課文。在基礎階段應將精讀和泛讀結合起來,訓練學生掌握基本閱讀的方法、閱讀技能與技巧。隨著學習的逐步深入,泛讀的比例應逐漸增加,在大量的閱讀中熟練閱讀技能技巧,提高閱讀速度,養成良好的閱讀習慣。只有精讀與泛讀相互結合,才是真正意義上的閱讀。
5、兼顧聽說寫原則。閱讀領先的教學路子,是上世紀初直接法語言教學大師韋斯特首先提出的。他根據印度的困難教學條件,主張在入門階段的語音和口語訓練之後就開始直接領會式的閱讀教學,並取得了世人矚目的成功。閱讀領先並非只強調重視閱讀技能的訓練,而是通過閱讀為突破口帶動其他幾項技能的訓練。全日制中學英語教學大綱明確規定:中學英語教學的目的,是「側重培養閱讀能力」。這里的「側重」除了指從總的教學目標和安排出發,提出教學重點之外,還有另一個含義:指在不同的教學階段可以有不同的教學側重點,著重培養某一兩項言語技能稱之為「階段側重」。聽說讀寫四種技能是相互影響、相互促進的。因此在教學中,我們能在不同的時間、不同的場合有所側重,而不能只重視閱讀就不顧其他技能的發展。
『肆』 如何提高新目標初中英語閱讀教學的有效性
閱讀教學一直以來都是中學英語教學的主體。新課程中學英語課程標准明確指出:「要側重培養學生的閱讀理解能力。」以中考試題為例,閱讀理解題共佔了30分。這就意味著考生閱讀效率的高低,在很大程度上影響著英語考試成績。而要提高學生的閱讀能力,除了必要的一些課外閱讀量以外,更應該注重在日常教學活動中英語閱讀教學的有效性。
下面是本人對如何提高初中英語閱讀教學有效性的幾點思考。
一、閱讀教學中存在的問題
許多教師重視對知識的傳授,輕視對閱讀理解能力的培養,在閱讀教學中,教師往往是講解生詞、逐句逐段分析,然後對對答案,沒有培養學生的閱讀理解能力。同時目前的教學方法沒有很好地體現英語課程標准,突出學生的主體作用,教學方法單一、陳舊,很難激發學生的閱讀興趣,於是學生的閱讀能力也很難得到提高。
二、影響學生閱讀能力提高的因素
一般說來,影響閱讀的主要因素有:
1.背景知識。背景知識不僅指文化背景,還指人們掌握的各種知識,包括語言知識本身及已有的各種生活經驗、經歷。缺乏必要的背景知識是造成閱讀困難的主要原因之一。因此,教師要鼓勵學生進行廣泛閱讀,並提供多種適合學生閱讀水平和興趣的英語閱讀材料,增加閱讀量,讓學生多了解英語國家的背景知識。
2.詞彙掌握。一般說來,詞彙量的大小預示著閱讀能力的高低,因為詞彙量的缺乏是構成閱讀困難的首要原因。閱讀能力的提高離不開詞彙的擴充。
3.語法知識。學生語法基礎知識不扎實,也是造成閱讀困難的原因之一,特別是當遇到長句、難句或者是對句法結構的陌生同樣會影響閱讀。
4.閱讀策略。閱讀策略是有效閱讀的保證,不能正確運用閱讀策略就很難在規定的時間內完成閱讀任務,從而影響閱讀的質量和數量。
5.閱讀習慣。學生不良的閱讀習慣,也在一定程度上影響了閱讀教學。比如我在日常教學中經常看到有的學生喜歡用筆或手指著閱讀,有的學生喜歡在心裡默讀或者唇讀,還有的學生喜歡不斷回頭重復閱讀過的內容。這些不良的閱讀習慣不僅費時費力,影響閱讀速度,而且還會直接影響到連貫思維,進而阻礙理解。教師要幫助學生克服各種不良閱讀習慣,可以經常進行限時閱讀訓練,努力提高閱讀速度。
三、提高閱讀有效性的策略和建議
1.激起學生閱讀的興趣。孩子們是在不知不覺中學會語言的。我們在課堂中所開展的活動應有助於這樣的語言學習,故事便是開展這種活動最好的資源。故事有助於孩子把新事物和他們已經知道的事物聯系起來,讓孩子了解異國文化和觀念,通過小組合作來分享別人的經歷,有助於思維的發展。
2.選擇合適的閱讀材料。老師在選擇閱讀的書籍時,不論是故事書,還是其他的非小說類書,都要有目的性,而不是隨便選一本書讀給學生聽,要選擇適合學生年齡段的書籍,而且要逐步加深書的內容、書的長度以及語言的難度和情節的復雜性。選擇的標准以剛剛超出學生的現有水平為宜,不能太容易,那樣學生會使感到乏味;也不能太難,那樣學生又容易產生挫折感。所以選擇的書籍對學生來說既要有可讀性,也要有挑戰性。
3.培養學生良好的閱讀習慣。讓學生閱讀時用眼睛掃視閱讀材料,而不是用手指或用筆頭指著所讀的閱讀材料,也不能在閱讀時將頭左右擺動。因為這樣做不僅容易疲勞,而隨著手指、筆頭、頭部的移動。學生的注意力會受到一定的影響,同時也不利於閱讀速度的提高,不利於養成「一目十行」的閱讀習慣。
4.教師應掌握閱讀課文教學的方法。人教版新目標教材的每個單元都編排了閱讀課,其主要目的就是讓學生通過這些訓練來提高閱讀能力,教師應圍繞此目的,充分利用好閱讀課文這個載體,精心研究教學方法,設計教學活動,突出培養學生閱讀能力的教學,使英語閱讀教學的有效性得到較好的發揮。
為此,在教學實踐中,我採用了「導——讀——練」的閱讀課文教學三步法並取得了較好的教學效果。
(1)導——感知教材。對於學生來說,影響閱讀的最重要的因素莫過於詞彙了。教師應在閱讀前通過游戲、動畫、圖片、故事、對話等形式,設計語境導入詞彙,掃除詞彙障礙,從而更好地幫助學生閱讀。教師可以通過「學案導學,先學後教」的方式在課前指導學生預習,並布置難度適當的預習題,這種有針對性的預習使處理課文的節奏明顯加快,為閱讀課文後的鞏固理解,即課文的「升華」處理贏得了時間,從而加大了課堂的容量。
(2)讀——理解教材。這同樣是輸入階段。讀,即指導學生閱讀。閱讀訓練不僅僅是讓學生看懂文章,重要的是對學生進行閱讀方法的指導。閱讀教學過程中老師應更新教學觀念,靈活處理教材,仔細尋求文章內容與學生思維相關的切合點,指導學生在閱讀中開展各種思維活動,如預測、想像、推論、判斷、歸納等,激活學生思維,有效延伸知識。
(3)練——總結升華。這是輸出階段。在教授完課文以後,教師除了指導學生達到基本的能力培養目標,還要有拔高性的練習,讓優等生的能力發展再快一步。
總之,閱讀是一個多因素相互作用、相互促進的過程。讓學生獲得較強的閱讀能力是閱讀教學的重要目的。閱讀教學是培養閱讀能力的重要途徑,且方便、實用,始終貫穿於日常的英語教學之中。因此,在教學中,教師應該積極發現,認真摸索,善於總結,找到更好的方法,進一步提高初中英語閱讀教學的有效性。
『伍』 初中英語閱讀課的教學目標與描述
1.高度關注學生的個體差異,改革英語閱讀的教學方法,使教學真正做到有的放矢。
現代語言教學理論認為,閱讀教學的目的不單純是要學生學習掌握語言知識,更重要的是通過閱讀獲取信息、學習文化、發展閱讀技能和策略,為繼續學習和終身發展打下基礎。英語教學活動的主體——學生,是一個個鮮活的生命體,他們之間存在著各種各樣的差異,主要表現在認知方式、學習方式、英語水平、性格特點、情感態度、對老師的態度,學習環境等方面。這些因素決定了學生的英語水平及學習能力上的差異。因此,從初一開始,我在選擇閱讀材料時就特別注意,難易一定要適度。材料過分容易,學習起來沒有成就感;過難,學生就會喪失興趣和閱讀信心。我會根據學生的不同水平,為他們選擇難易不同的讀物。而且閱讀材料的內容必須多樣化,故事、傳記、歷史、地理知識等都能培養初中生的閱讀興趣。通過大量的閱讀,學生開闊了眼界,了解了異國他鄉的風土人情及歷史地理等方面的知識,從而極大的增加了他們學習英語的興趣。
課文教學與閱讀教學是有區別的。課文一般是一個主題一個篇章。在教學中,老師常會對課文進行很細的分解,以達到一定的教學目的。而純粹的閱讀,我們可以更多的去培養學生的閱讀技能。教材中的那些淺顯易懂的課文,我從不花大量時間去精講,通常會通過一些活動讓學生自己去領悟;故事性較強的課文可以讓學生排成課本劇進行表演;一些有難度的文章,可以讓學生帶著任務分組討論後在全班進行講解,有時候也會要求學生寫英文的讀後感。這樣一方面可以使聽、說、讀、寫能力得到全面的發展,另一方面也為學生日後的高層次學習打下了基礎。
2.抓好課堂教學,重視閱讀能力的培養,使學生在課堂上學有所獲。
從初一起,教師就應制定出一個切實可行的教學計劃,明確初中階段閱讀教學的目標和應採用的措施。教師要結合教材內容,把對學生閱讀能力的培養細化到每一個教學模塊,避免閱讀教學的盲目性和隨意性。
在組織課堂教學時,無論是哪種課型,我們都必須首先明確教學目標,其次才是針對這些目標考慮採取哪種教學模式。閱讀有多種目標,包括尋找信息(read for information)、提高閱讀技能(read for skill)、獲得語言知識(read for language)、增加生活樂趣(read for enjoyment)等。對於中學階段的英語課程來說,其閱讀教學的首要目標應該定位於培養學生read for skill和read for language兩種能力,這是英語教師首先必須明確的①。在初中階段,從初二下冊及初三的教材才開始出現較長較難的閱讀材料,在處理這些文章時,應根據初中學生的年齡特點去設計一些活動來調動學生的閱讀興趣。初中學生的語言知識有限,因此教師需要引導學生去分析課文中的語言現象及其內容,對課文中的詞、短語和語言現象進行有重點的分析和講解,不能過於復雜,必須帶領學生一步一步的去閱讀。可以在上課前布置學生預習,讓學生對課文的內容及語言有一定的了解並帶著一些疑問來到課堂。
在閱讀教學中,設計不同的活動來培養學生不同的閱讀技能是非常重要的。
初中的閱讀要在精確性和速度方面逐漸加強對學生的要求,由於初中學生年齡較小,知識儲備和學習習慣尚有欠缺,因此就需要教師在進行閱讀教學時想方設法的去設計一些新穎的課堂活動來完成閱讀任務。開展豐富多彩的活動,能夠激發學生的學習慾望,給課堂帶來活力。
3.閱讀教學要堅持常抓不懈
3.1教師備課要充分,既要備教材也要備學生,課堂活動重「熱身(warming-up)」
3.1.1介紹與閱讀內容有關的一些背景知識。
3.1.2簡單介紹部分有礙文章理解的生詞。凡是學生可能猜得出的生詞一定要讓學生在閱讀時去猜測。
3.1.3要善於引導學生根據文章標題、插圖和有關信息來預測文章內容。
3.1.4最好准備一兩個有深度的問題,使學生讀有所感,培養獨立思考能力。
3.2閱讀過程要讓學生有明確的「目標(goal)」,帶著任務進行閱讀。
3.2.1要求學生快速閱讀指定的內容,培養良好的閱讀習慣;
3.2.2提問不同程度的學生回答提前設計好的問題,問題的設計要圍繞中心思想(main idea),為不同層次的學生設計難易不同的問題;
3.2.3提出細節性問題,讓學生獲取有關what, where, when, why, who, how等基本要素以及start, process, end總體過程脈絡的信息,幫助他們在寫作方面也有所積累;
3.2.4分小組討論問題答案,然後全班檢查答案。
3.3注重閱讀教學的擴展——「表達(express)」
3.3.1鼓勵學生用簡單的語言表述他們對文章的見解,而不是復述課文。不要總是糾正學生的語音、語法錯誤,鼓勵學生盡可能流利的用英語說出自己的想法。
3.3.2在學生對課文理解的基礎上,檢查學生對生詞的猜測情況。只要能猜到大意就行,對一些高頻率出現的詞彙可以對其用法作一些必要的分析並要求學生記憶。
3.3.3做相應的閱讀理解練習。
3.3.4對一些較長的文章,可以幫助學生分析語篇結構和文體特徵,圍繞文章開展各種形式的口筆頭活動,如復述課文、問題討論、角色扮演、仿寫、續寫、改寫等。並要求學生積累文章中的優美詞句,為他們的自由寫作打下基礎。
4.培養學生閱讀方面的「自學(self-studying)」能力
閱讀能力是不可能完全在課堂上培養出來的,因此培養學生在閱讀方面的自學能力就顯得至關重要了。
4.1根據學生的不同的閱讀興趣指導他們選擇適合自己的閱讀材料。
學生的閱讀興趣是千差萬別的。我們不可能滿足學生的所有興趣,而應該讓學生根據自己的興趣去制定閱讀計劃、選擇閱讀材料、開展閱讀活動。比如想要拓展知識的學生,可以指導他們選擇網路類的圖書、報紙、網站等;希望發展自己的思維能力的學生,可以告訴他們去選擇專門的圖書、材料;對於喜歡文學的學生,則應引導他們選擇由淺入深的文學讀物。
初中學生隨著年齡的增長,會逐漸形成自己的閱讀興趣,教師應適當的對學生的英語課外閱讀進行指導,避免學生受到不良信息的毒害。