初中英語名著閱讀校本課總結

㈠ 英語名著讀後感200 《初中》

範文（1）《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》
漢語：每個人都有童年，並且每個人的童年是不同的，但是，我們每個人的童年有高爾基那麼貧苦嗎？不，我們沒有，我們在家裡是獨生子，是父母親的掌上明珠。高爾基的童年沒有我們幸福，家庭也沒有我們美滿。
高爾基從7歲起就沒有了爸爸，跟著媽媽和年邁的奶奶生活，別的小孩都有新衣服，就他沒有，他有的就只有幾件打滿補丁的衣服和一個書包。然而，他沒有埋怨媽媽，而是更努力得讀書，准備孝敬辛苦的媽媽。
童年這本書記載了高爾基兒時的一些故事，中間還夾著一點點的苦澀，還夾著做人的道理： 高爾基在這樣艱苦的環境下也能成才，真讓我佩服。
高爾基在小的時候就非常喜歡數學。 在一節數學課上，老師出了一個題目考在班上的同學，題目是：「1+2+3+4+……+100=？」這可為難了很多同學，他們一個個都很著急，只有高爾基算出來了，等於5050。從此，老師不會再因為他們家窮而瞧不起他們，而是覺得他很有數學天賦。
我們要向高爾基學習，孔子說得好：「見賢思其焉。」
英文：Everyone has their childhood, and each person's childhood is different, but each of us has a childhood Gorky do so poor? No, we do not, we are at home, the only son, is the daughter of parents. Gorky's childhood without us happy, happy families without us.
Gorky from the age of 7, there is no father, her mother and old grandmother lives, other children have new clothes, he had not, he and some only a few patched clothes and a bag. However, he did not complain about his mother, but more efforts have to study hard to prepare honor mothers.
This book documented childhood Gorky childhood stories, in the middle is also tucked a little bitter, but also tucked the truth in life: Gorky in such difficult circumstances can be taught, much to my admiration.
Golgi in a small time is extremely enthusiastic about math. In a math class, the teacher out of a subject test students in class, entitled: "1 +2 +3 +4 + ... ... +100 =?" This can be difficult for a lot of classmates, one by one they are hurry, only the Golgi calculated, and is equal to 5050. Since then, the teacher no longer is because they are poor and look down on them, but feel that he is very mathematical talent.
We would like to Golgi study, Confucius said it well: "think of the Yan Jian Xian."

（2）《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》
漢語：說到《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》這本書,想必大家對它並不陌生吧!書里講了一位堅強,勇敢的主人公保爾·柯察金.
讀了《鋼鐵是怎樣煉成的》這本書後,我領悟到:一個人的毅力對他的一生是有很大影響的.就說這本書中的主人公保爾·柯察金吧,他的一生非常坎坷,然而他憑什麼使自己繼續活下去呢 是毅力.毅力給了他無窮的力量,老天也使他有了三次生命.自從認識水兵朱赫來以來,他的心被共產黨吸引住了.經過幾番波折,他終於如願以償,成為了一名共產黨員.他出生入死,英勇殺敵.在戰爭中他也受了不少傷.最嚴重的一次就是被彈片擊中頭部,死裡逃生.痊癒後,保爾沒有忘記黨,拿起新的武器,重返戰斗隊伍,開始了新的生活!
他十幾歲就立足殺場,英勇殺敵,熱愛祖國,在戰場上,他被砍了好幾刀都大難不死,為什麼 仍然是毅力.年輕的他後來疾病纏身,但他仍不停地忘我工作,有休假療傷的機會他也不願意放棄工作,毅力真是一種鍥而不舍的精神啊!
這是一個感人的故事,我的心好象在水裡扔下了一塊大石頭,久久不能平靜.我佩服保爾·柯察金那種勇敢,百折不撓的精神.討厭故事裡維可外多那種小貴族.保爾·柯察金的影子時時在我的腦子里浮現,鼓勵我要像像他一樣做一個堅強,勇敢的人.
生活在和平年代的我們,生活中一點小小的困難沒什麼大不了,只要勇敢地去面對,等事情一過,你會發覺,原來自己是有毅力的.保爾·柯察金的精神,永遠值得我學習.
英文：Talking about "How the Steel Was Tempered" This book, surely it is no stranger to everyone bar! Book talked about a strong, brave hero Pavel Korchagin.
Read the "How the Steel Was Tempered" This book I learned that: a person's perseverance in his life is very much affected. Say that this book hero Pavel Korchagin, he's life is very rough, but he himself continues to live on what basis it is perseverance. perseverance gave him infinite power, God also gave him three life. Zhuhe Lai has been since the understanding of the sailors, and his heart was the Communist Party attracted lived. After a series of twists and turns, he finally got his wish, becoming a Communist. he go through fire and heroically fighting the enemy. in the war, he also affected a lot of injuries. The most serious one is hit in the head by shrapnel,
Survived. Healed, Paul did not forget the party, pick up new weapons and return to the fighting team, started a new life!
He was a teenager killed on the base field,'s fighting, love the motherland, and on the battlefield, he cut down several knives have survived, why is still perseverance. Young, he was sick, but he still kept ecstasy work, leave the opportunity to heal, he is not willing to give up work, persistence and perseverance is really a kind of ah!
This is a touching story, my heart dropped in the water as if a big rock, a long time can not be calm. I admire Pavel Korchagin kind of courage and indomitable spirit. Hated the story outside the multi-dimensional and that kinds of small aristocracy. Pavel Korchagin's shadow in my mind from time to time emerge, encouraged me to do like him as a strong, courageous person.
We live in a peaceful era, the difficulties in life a little is no big deal, as long as courage to face up to such things as one-off, you will soon find out that he has the perseverance. Pavel Korchagin spirit, always worthy of my learning.
（3）《魯賓遜漂流記》
漢語：在漫長的人生道路上，有著很多的困難險阻，也有許多磨難與坎坷會阻擋自己的腳步，使自己不能前進，如果永不放棄任何事物都會被你自己征服。
古人雲：騏驥一躍，不能十步；怒馬十駕，功在不舍。鍥而舍之，朽木不折；鍥而不舍，金石可鏤。
不知不覺中，眼前突然出現一片汪洋大海，遠處有一座孤僻的小島，在靜靜的小島中，只有鳥兒在歌唱，山羊在奔翔，樹木在生長，花兒在吐露著芬芳。漸漸地，波濤洶涌地海面上，出現了一葉扁舟，劃行著，狂風把他的船掀翻，只有他一個人漂流到這座荒蕪人煙的小島上。
這個撐舵之人就是聽過作家笛福筆下的《魯濱遜漂流記》中的主人公——魯濱遜。
他一個人在這僻靜小島上頑強生活，有一種聲音一直在腦海里不停地回盪著：「放棄吧，這樣生活著有什麼意義？不會有人來救你的。」但堅持的信念很快打敗了這種想法。魯濱遜堅持著，將面臨的困難一個個消滅，最後終於得到了回到文明社會的機會。
其實，我們也應該這樣，遇到坎坷，應該去克服，永不放棄，這樣，興許會使自己變得更堅強更勇敢。永不放棄，堅持不懈，這樣才能獲得光明獲得成功。
相信我吧，堅持到底，奮斗到底，只要如此，勝利才會屬於你的。因為，堅持到底，奮斗一生的寶葫蘆，他會幫助你走過一生的
英語：In the long road of life, has a lot of difficulties and obstacles, there are many hardships and frustrations would block their own pace, so that they can not move forward and never give up anything if you will be conquered.
Ancient saying goes: steed leap, not 10 steps; 10 angry horse riding, and the credit in dismay. Wedge and the homes of, dead wood is not folded; perseverance, stone can be Lou.
Unconsciously, the sudden appearance of a sea of eyes, the distance a lonely island, in the quiet of the island, only the birds singing, goats Ben Xiang, trees grow, the fragrant flowers in the reveal . Graally, the rough to the sea, there has been a leaf boat paddle with a strong wind overturned his boat, and only one who drifted into this deserted island.
The helm, the person is listening to pen writer Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" in the hero - Robinson.
He was a quiet island in this tough life, there has been a voice kept reverberating in my mind with: "drop the idea, so what is the meaning of life? No one will rescue you." But insisted that the belief is Express defeated the idea. Robinson persisted, will eliminate the difficulties one by one and finally got the opportunity to return to civilized society.
In fact, we should do encounter ups and downs, it should be to overcome, never give up, so that xing XU make their own to become stronger and more daring. Never give up, persevere, in order to obtain a bright success.
Believe me, insisted in the end, struggle in the end, if so, victory will belong to you. Because, persist in the end, the struggle of the Magic Gourd life, he will help you through life's

（4）《格列佛游記》
漢語：當我翻開了《格列佛游記》時我立刻就被眼前的目錄所吸引了：小人國歷險、大人國歷險、會飛的國家……這些字眼似乎被作者施加了魔力，我一看到這些就想快點往下看，想快點了解怎麼會有小人國和大人國，國家又怎麼會飛。帶著這些疑問我認真地讀起了第一章。
這本書講的是格列佛以海上醫生的身份隨同一艘船出海航行，後遭遇風暴孤身一人涉險了一些神奇的國家，最後終於回到了自己的國家的事情。情節曲折、玄妙，又不乏幽默。把格列佛的歷險寫的栩栩如生，有趣極了。與其說是「格列佛游記」倒不如說成是「我與格列佛的游記」呢，因為我在閱讀這本書時幾乎入迷了，好像就是我和他一起歷險一樣。但是我又從心裡佩服他的機智勇敢，他總是給我一中「逆境叢生」的感覺，這點就是他歷盡艱險後從新踏上自己的國土的主要原因，所以我堅決要向他學習這種精神，否則的話，若我以後遇到這種事情的話說不定早已經一命嗚呼了呢！
這本書實在是太好看了，使得我讀了幾遍了還是覺的沒看夠，它實在太有趣了，我十分喜歡《格列佛游記》的這本書。怎麼樣？聽了我的介紹你是不是有心動的呢？那就快讀一讀這本書吧！記住噢，它的名字叫做《格列佛游記》！
英文：When I opened the "Gulliver's Travels," when I was immediately attracted to the immediate directory: the Adventure Lilliput, Brobdingnag adventure, fly in the country ... ... these words seemed to be imposed by magic, I saw wanted to quickly look down to those want to learn how quickly will Lilliput and Brobdingnag, the state, how to fly. With these questions I am seriously starting to read the first chapter.
This book stresses the Gulliver to the sea in his capacity as a doctor along with a boat out to sea sailing alone, after the storm hit scraped some magic country, and finally returned to their country thing. The plot twists and turns, abstruse, but also no shortage of humor. Gulliver's adventures to write vivid, very interesting. Not so much a "Gulliver's Travels" We could say was "I Gulliver's Travels" then, because I read this book almost fascinated, as if that is the same as my adventures with him. But I admire his wit and from heart courageous, he always gave me one of "adversity have arisen" feeling,
That is why he was passing through numerous re-embark on their own territory after the main reasons why I strongly would like to learn from him this spirit, otherwise, if I come across such things, then it might already kick in. the!
This book is good read, made me read a few times, or perception of the not seen enough, it was too funny, and I very much like "Gulliver's Travels" in this book. How like? You have heard my presentation is not a cardiogram it? Then this book a quick read! Keep in mind Oh, its name is called "Gulliver's Travels"!

㈡ 初中英語名著.

1.弗蘭肯斯坦
2.潘德爾的巫師
3.秘密花園
4.在月亮下面
5.白色死亡
6.亡靈島
7.象人
8.快樂王子
9.講故事的人
10.威廉·莎士比亞

㈢ 英語名著讀後感（初中水平的）

This summer holiday,I made a good friend --- Robinson though 『ROBINSON CRUSOE』. 『ROBINSON CRUSOE』is a classical masterpiece which attracted me very much,and brought me much enlightenmet.I really lerned a lot of things from the eternal opus.

The 『ROBINSON CRUSOE』have been authored by famouse English writer---Defoe. It』s about dramatis personae Robinson who met a frightful wind while he sailed on the sea. He was the only survinal, but he drifted to a uninhabited island. He bravely struggled, instriously worked and combated with barbarians. Robinson lived alone on the island for 28 years. He experienced many difficulties and dangers.

Robinson was a great person, he conquered countless and unimaginable hardships. If I stayed on a lonely island, I absolutely couldn』t vanquish dangers. I maybe would lose confidence for life. I respect Robinson very much, he is a real hero in my heart.

He lived on the island for about 30 years without any food, tool or habitation. He must depend by himself. Robinson wasn』t afraid of hardships, he had the fortitude spirit .He was brave in adventure and was good at labor. He used his head and hands to struggle all the time. I admire his courge very much, because these were not easy, work at all.

In fact, we also need the spirit of being undefeatalle indefatigable

Like Robinson. If we believe in ourselves, never give up and do we best, we must be successful!

Robinson was a great miracle, he achieved mumerous. 『impossible things』. 『Robinson Crusoe』 was an immortal novel, because it gave us a courageous, intrepidity, diligent, indefatigable and wise ordinany person, a vanquish nature, a hero who exploited nature. The book is a really excellent adventuresome novel,

There is no perfect life in the world, but we can change our fate. If we have confidences and work hard, we absolute will be victorious, and the most important thing is 『Never give up!

Jane Eyre — A Beautiful Soul（簡愛）
Jane Eyre, is a poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book, after having a long journey of the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelous figure, has left us so much to recall and to think:

We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes, for someone who despised her for her ordinariness, and even for someone who had hurt her deeply in the past.

We remember her pursuit of justice. It』s like a companion with the goodness. But still, a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side.

We remember her self-respect and the clear situation on equality. In her opinion, everyone is the same at the God』s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance, but all the human being are equal in personality.

We also remember her striving for life, her toughness and her confidence…

When we think of this girl, what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her personality.

Her story makes us thinking about life and we learn much from her experience, at least, that is a fresh new recognition of the real beauty.

Learn to love and care（霧都孤兒）
Here I am sitting on a couch alone, thinking about what I have just finished reading with tears of sadness filling my eyes and fire of indignation filling my heart, which revived my exhausted soul that has already been covered by the cruelty and the selfishness of the secular world for a long time. It is truly what I felt after reading Oliver Twist, written by the prominent British author Charles Dickens.

The resonance between me and the book makes me feel not only the kindness and the wickedness of all the characters in the novel, but what this aloof society lacks, and what I lack deep inside. These supreme resources I』m talking about right now are somewhat different from minerals, oil that we usually mention. They』re abstract like feelings, and some kinds of spiritual stimulation that all of us desire anxiously from one another —— love and care.

Those charitable figures whom Dickens created in the novel are really what we need in life. They showed love and care to others, just as the gentle rain from the sky fell upon the earth, which was carved into my heart deeply.
Mr. Brownlow is one such person.

The other day he had one of his elaborate watches stolen by two skilled teenage thieves, Artful Dodger and Charley Bates, and thought naturally it was Oliver, who was an orphan and forced to live with a gang of thieves, that had done it because he was the only one near by after the theft had taken place. Being wrathful, he caught Oliver, and sent him to the police station where the ill-tempered, unfair magistrates worked. Fortunately for him, Oliver was proved innocent by one onlooker afterwards. With sympathy, Mr. Brownlow took the injured, poor Oliver to his own home. There Oliver lived freely and gleefully for some months as if he were Mr. Brownlow』s own son. One day, however, Mr. Brownlow asked Oliver to return some books to the bookseller and to send some money for the new books that he had already collected. The thief Oliver once stayed with kidnapped him. After that he disappeared in Mr. Brownlow』s life. Searching for a while, Mr. Brownlow had to believe the fact that he had run away with his money. But dramatically, they came across each other again a few years later. Without hesitation, Mr. Brownlow took Oliver home for the second time not caring if he had done something evil.

Perhaps most of us would feel confused about Mr. Brownlow』s reaction. But as a matter of fact, this is just the lesson we should learn from him. Jesus said in the Bible. 「Forgive not seven times, but seventy-times seven.」 Why is that? Because forgiveness is our ability to remove negative thoughts and neutralize them so our energy may be spent on doing what we came here for. We cannot move forward in our future if past issues cloud our thinking. Stop put Mr. Brownlow into the list of your models. Always give people a second chance no matter what they might have done. That』s also a substantial part of loving and caring others.

Charles Dickens said:「Love makes the world go around.」 These immortal words have inspired and will keep on inspiring us to chant the melody of love and to say the prayer of care forevermore. Let us, therefore, enjoy life and treat other people lovingly. These principles are the roots and foundations of beliefs supporting this article and our mission together.

Pride and Prejudice （傲慢與偏見）

Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters.
The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant.) Kitty doesn』t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.

The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen』s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.

Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote 「Pride and Prejudice」, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.

Leave Dead Man Island（亡靈島）

Carol was once a happy and sunshiny girl. But after her father died in a plane crash, she became bad and took drugs. She had secrets in her heart and didn』t want others to know them. When Carol went to an island, she found the host had a bigger secret than hers: he had killed a girl in a car crash. So he needed an island to hide himself.
This is the story in Dead Man』s Island.

I think everybody has done something wrong and wants to keep the secrets in his or her heart. But do you know, even if we can escape from others』 eyes, we can』t escape from our own hearts.
I had been told a story like this: A woman felt ill and she went to see a doctor. The doctor examined her carefully and told the woman, 『There is a tumor in your uterus. You』d better take an operation immediately.』 The woman agreed.

When the doctor cut open the woman』s abdomen, he got such a big surprise—there was a baby in the uterus, not a tumor. The doctor was sweating all over.

『What to do? Take out the baby, or told the woman』s husband that it was just a tumor?』 『But … I am a doctor!』 He thought.

At last, the doctor sewed up the woman』s abdomen. When he told the woman』s husband the truth, the man didn』t move for a while. But then, the man jumped to the doctor, shouting at him. He was so angry and wanted to hit the doctor.
After the accident, a friend of the doctor』s asked him 『Why did you do so? If you took out the baby, no one knows.』
『But I know!』 said the doctor.

I have a very similar experience. That was a Monday, I was cleaning the classroom after school. John, my friend came up to me. He was looking for my maths teacher. But the teacher had been after work. So I told John to come again the next day. I said to myself, if I met the maths teacher, I would tell him that John had been looking for him.

When I was on my way home, I just looked at the ground, thinking about something. At that moment, my maths teacher came towards me and passed by. When I realized that, it was too late. The teacher had gone far away.

At night, when I was lying on the bed, my brain was full of the thing happened in the afternoon. The next day, John would find the maths teacher and not think about me, just as nothing happened. But I felt sorry for John. I wanted to do something for him, but I didn』t. Nobody knew what my idea was, but I knew.

Many things like the dead man on the island. After the crash, he made himself 『dead』 and hid on the island. Maybe, he made others forget the crash, forget himself, but he couldn』t forget. He always felt remorseful and locked himself in his heart house.

What others think is not important, we should listen to ourselves.

I think every one may face sad things, like relatives』 death, missing the good high school, losing your best friends. Sometimes we feel cross and often ask 『Why does the God do this to me?』

To let oneself feel better, we maybe do more wrong things. But happy and free time is transient. After that, we will have ourselves, hate life, hate everybody.

We want to forget, but can』t. more and more secrets are hidden in hearts. We close our window, and it is dark inside. Old days follow us forever, how we wanted the 『man』 in the past can die. Nothing matters. Sadness is filled in our body. We live just like a dead man.

Escaping can do nothing. Beginning a new life is the most important, take sadness but live strongly.

When Carol left Dead Man island, I think she knew this all. The host influenced her. Don』t be remorseful any more, face new life, no hiding, no giving up the beautiful life, show the world a real self.

Leave Dead Man』s Island, let a bunch of sunshine get into your heart house.

Hamlet（哈姆雷特）
Shakspere (wrong spelling) created Hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretented (spelling mistake) to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge . if (Capitalize "If" since it is the beginning word of the sentence.) a country has no king, how can a country keep alive (You need a question mark here since it is a question.) So, every thing has two sides, the bright side and ambral side. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.
Comment:
Be careful with your spelling, grammar, and punctuation. Too many uncessary mistakes.
It is good that you looked at both the dark and bright sides of Hamlet. Thats quite objective and convincing.

㈣ 求初中語文課內名著閱讀的總結和中考易考問題，詳細一些好！！謝謝了

做閱讀時要把文章多讀幾遍,把它的意思理解透了,知道中心
這樣就好做了
另外,審題要仔細,我就是這樣的!
(一般題目圍繞中心)
就個人知識的獲得來說，一般來自兩個方面。一方面通過親自實踐獲得大量感性知識，然後通過思考上升為理性知識，這些構成了個人知識的一小部分來源。另一方面則是直接把人類在長期實踐中積累起來的知識繼承過來，把社會的知識轉化為個人的知識，這是中學生知識的主要來源或大部分來源，正如恩格斯所說：「每一個體都必須親自去體驗，這不再是必要的了；他的個體的經驗，在某種程度上可以由他的歷代祖先的經驗的結果來代替。」在繼承知識的各條途徑中，可以說閱讀是一條主要途徑。

實際上，在校學習時，僅僅依靠上課是無法理解全部知識的。可以說，學生時代的學習一天也離不開閱讀，老師的教和學生的學都要用書，離開書，離開閱讀，學習就會十分困難。要知道，老師上完課就走了，而書籍卻始終伴隨著我們。

中學階段是人生的黃金時代，要珍惜這無憂無慮、精力充沛的寶貴時光。要充分利用這一階段多讀點書，多繼承點人類的寶貴知識財富，為一生的事業打下雄厚的基礎。同時在閱讀活動中增長起來的閱讀能力，將為一生中不斷地自學打下堅實的基礎。

（一）要不斷改進閱讀的基本條件

閱讀需要哪些條件呢？

（1）要掌握常用的字、詞、句、段、篇的基本知識

閱讀就是要通過與字、詞、句、段、篇打交道，從中獲取知識，如果不掌握這些知識，那麼，閱讀就變成看「天書」了。

中學生如能掌握5000個字，閱讀一般文章就問題不大了。有的學生之所以閱讀能力差，就是因為沒掌握足夠數量的字、詞（主要是實詞）和片語的表達概念，而概念是思維的「細胞」。句是用詞按一定的語法規律聯結而成的語言單位，一般用來表達判斷，表達相對完整的思想。對句的理解不單要求掌握詞義，還要求掌握語法。沒有語言，思維就不存在了，由此可見，閱讀的重重困難，往往是由不識字詞，看不懂句子的意思帶來的。因此認真學好語文，在閱讀中有意識地豐富自己的語言知識是十分重要的。

科學家用他們的親身體會，明確地指出了學好語文的重要性。

有一位數學家說：「很難想像一個文理不通、錯字連篇的人，能把邏輯嚴謹的數學內涵表達出來。」著名數學家蘇步青說：「我從小打好的語文基礎，對我學習其他學科提供了很大的方便。我還覺得學好語文對訓練一個人的思維很有幫助，可以使思想更有條理。這些，對我後來學好數學都有很大好處。」人們贊譽蘇步青為「數學詩人」。

（2）要掌握基本的科學知識

不掌握自然科學和社會科學的基本概念和基礎知識，就會給閱讀帶來很多不方便，甚至困難重重。有人說，到了21世紀，如果不懂生物化學，不懂生態學，可能連報紙都看不懂。現在報上經常出現「生態平衡」、「生態系統」、「遺傳工程」、「基因」等專用名詞，不少人似懂非懂，就是因為缺乏高中生物的基礎知識。可見，要想在現代化社會里提高閱讀能力，必須盡快掌握基本的科學文化知識才行。

（3）要會用工具書

在閱讀時難免有些字不認識，也有的一時想不起來，這時，如果手頭有《新華字典》、《現代漢語詞典》和《漢語成語詞典》等工具書，就可以及時地查一下，以掃除閱讀中的障礙。當然，根據閱讀的需要，准備一些相應的參考書籍，准備隨時查找也是必要的。

如果工具書齊備，查找熟練，閱讀起來就會順利得多。當然，通過查找工具書，又可以使自己的知識進一步豐富起來。

（二）要有目的，有計劃地讀書

面對浩瀚的書海，如果讀書沒有目的和計劃，將會無所適從。

中學生的大部分時間是在課堂上度過的，每天又要完成當天的學習任務，因此，可供閱讀的時間，尤其是課外閱讀的時間並不多，如果讀書再沒有目的和計劃，就會使寶貴的閱讀時間得不到充分地有價值地利用。

中學生的閱讀應以達到這樣的目的為出發點：

有利於基礎知識的學習，有利於發揮自己的特長，有利於彌補自己的弱點，有利於閱讀能力的提高。

安排閱讀計劃時要注意：

圍繞課本閱讀一些有關的課外書。例如，讀一些與課內學習有關的科技史，人物傳記，這樣有助於提高課內學習的興趣，充實課內學習的內容，使思維更加活躍。

圍繞自己的愛好或特點讀一些有關的課外讀物，一個愛好理科的學生，可以定期到閱覽室讀有關的報紙雜志，一個喜歡文科的學生，可以定期去讀各種文學刊物，也可以利用假期閱讀文學名著。

至於課外書的選擇，可以請教老師，請教高年級的優秀生或同班的同學，也可以請教家長。把他們的好經驗學過來，實在是一種省時間的好辦法，選好一本書，就可以用較少的時間得到較大的收獲。

書選好了，再把讀書的時間分配好，不僅可以提高讀書的效率，也不至於沖擊課內的學習。長期堅持下去，學習中的弱點就可以得到彌補，個人的特長就可以得到發展，既促進了課內的學習，又豐富了課外的精神生活。

不少學生讀書缺乏目的和計劃，一昧地從興趣出發，常常看一些偵探小說、武俠小說，達到了愛不釋手的地步，為看這些書而開夜車，不完成作業，結果嚴重干擾和影響了課內的學習，這是一種不好的讀書傾向。

（三）要處理好博覽和精讀的關系

博覽就是廣泛地看書，目的是針對書的內容作一般了解，以發現書內精華的部分和急需的知識。廣泛閱讀可以博採眾長，正如魯迅所說：「如果只看一個人的著作，結果是不大好的，你就得不到多方面的優點。必須如蜜蜂一樣，采過許多花，才能釀出蜜來，倘若叮在一處，所得就非常有限，枯燥了。」

博覽就是觀大略，在短時間內閱讀大量書籍，為精讀創造條件。觀大略的方法是：看目錄，從目錄中發現有用的內容，再翻閱有關部分，到書店選書就是用這種辦法；看內容提示，看書的開頭幾段和結尾幾段，以掌握書的大概內容；也可以用快速閱讀法，就是用較快速度讀一遍，了解大致的內容。

在博覽的基礎上，在同類的書中選出一本最好的進行精讀。精讀之後再閱讀同類的其他書籍。精讀時，要「細嚼慢咽」，要多動腦筋，要反反復復地讀，還要認真做讀書筆記。

數學家張廣厚在談起學習一本數學小冊子時說：「這篇論文一共20多面，我反反復復地念了半年多，因為老用手摸這幾頁，白白的書邊上，留下了一條明顯的黑線。這樣反復學習，對我們研究工作有很大的促進作用，我的愛人說：『這哪叫念書啊！簡直和吃書一樣。』」

精讀過的書，要做到：一懂，就是對書的基本內容要達到理解的程度；二記，就是要記住所理解的內容；三會，就是會運用這些理解了的知識；四熟，就是能熟練地將從書本內學到的知識表達出來或運用它分析問題和解決問題。

中學是基礎教育，是打基礎的階段，因此要把精讀的目標指向教科書和主要參考書。

（四）要勤於思考

愛因斯坦說：「在所閱讀的書本中找出可以把自己引向深處的東西，把其他一切統統拋掉，就是拋掉使頭腦負擔過重和會把自己誘離要求的一切。」就是說，閱讀時要抓住書中的精髓，實現由淺入深的轉化。

英國詩人柯勒律曾把讀者分為四類：第一類好比計時的沙漏漏沙，注進去，漏出來，到頭來一點痕跡也沒有留下；第二類好像海綿，什麼都吸收，擠一擠，流出來的東西原封不動，甚至還臟了些；第三類像濾豆漿的布袋，豆漿都流了，留下的只是豆渣；第四類像開掘寶石的苦工，把礦渣甩一邊，只要純凈的寶石。這段話的意思是說，閱讀時，要取其精華，去其糟粕。

華羅庚說：「高中程度的同志可以回想一下過去學過的小學算術、初中代數在腦子里還有那麼多嗎？沒有那麼多了。因為我們理解了，會運用了，這就是說書變薄了。」這段話的意思是說，閱讀時要實現由多而雜到少而精的轉化。

綜上所述，閱讀時，要竭盡全力，力求做到「留下寶石」，「引向深處」和「把書讀薄」，為此，就要勤於思考。

具體說要做到以下幾點：

（1）力求理解

讀書應當邊讀邊想，力求理解，弄懂書中所說的中心思想和基本原理，閱讀時，應當每看一段就想一想，把道理弄懂；在全文讀完之後，再串起來看一看，想一想，找到各段之間的聯系，以便從整體上理解一篇文章，一節課文或一章內容。

（2）理清思路

著名教育家葉聖陶說過：「文章有思路，遵路識斯真。」意思是每一篇文章都體現著作者的思路，遵循這一思路閱讀，才能理解文章的實質。可見理清思路對閱讀多麼重要。

在閱讀自然科學著作時，對書上提出的原理、規律、定律、公式，不僅要理解結論，尤其要理清文章的思路，看看這些結論是怎麼推導出來的。李政道博士說：「當讀完一段之後，就應當把書合上，自己把思路走一下，如果走不出來，再去看書，想想自己為什麼走不出來，別人為什麼走通了。」閱讀時，只記現成結論，而不考慮這些結論是怎麼得出來的，那麼思維能力就很難在閱讀中提高。

（3）要能提出問題

閱讀中發現的問題一般有兩類：一類是根據自己所具備的知識，認為書中的一些見解不正確、不完整，提出異義或補充；一類是因為自己具備的知識還不夠，因而有不懂的問題。中學生隨著知識水平和能力的提高，閱讀時發現第一類問題會逐漸增多，而第二類問題會慢慢減少。

一旦發現問題，再深入閱讀有關書籍，並且深入思考，收獲會更大，還有可能發現新的知識，獲得新的見解。

（4）要獨立回憶，學會准確表達

閱讀後，要通過回憶再檢查一下閱讀的效果。對已經理解的內容要善於用簡練的語言表達出來，寫在讀書筆記上，以備日後查用。錢偉長說過：「讀一本書，只要清楚它的梗概，了解它的主要精神和主要問題，先把最重要的東西學到手，然後回顧一下，看自己解決一些什麼問題，還有哪些沒有解決？對一時無法解決的問題，最好用小本子記錄下來，以便以後解決。」

（五）要記好閱讀筆記

威廉·李卜克內西在《憶馬克思》一文中說：「只要有一點可能，他任何時候總要工作的。就是去散步，他也要帶一本筆記簿，並且時時在上面寫點什麼。」為了寫《資本論》，僅在 1850年 8月至 1853年 6月，馬克思就摘錄了70個不同作者的著作，寫了24本有關政治經濟學的筆記。在寫《資本論》的過程中，他摘錄的書有1500多本，寫的筆記至少有100多本。

馬克思在筆記的封面上寫明做筆記的時間和地點，編上筆記的序號，有的還加上標題……每本筆記都編有頁碼，為了日後查閱方便，很多筆記都做了目錄和內容提要。

黑格爾讀書學習，也有一個獨特的習慣，就是把讀過的書，按語言學、美學、幾何學、心理學等分類，把它們放到貼有標簽的文件夾里。這樣，當需要什麼材料時，隨時可以拿到。這種習慣，他堅持了一生。

魯迅寫作《中國小說史略》光摘抄的卡片就有5000張。

（1）加深理解，鞏固記憶

做筆記的過程，就是一個加深理解、加強記憶的過程。有人說：「眼看千遍，不如手抄一遍。」就是做最簡單的摘錄，也需要動動腦筋，以摘錄最精彩的地方，至於寫體會，那就更要動腦筋了。因此，有了「要做筆記」的願望，必然會促使你專心閱讀。再加上與書籍相比，筆記自然要簡明、深刻和概括得多，不僅利於理解，也利於記憶。

（2）利於積累資料，使知識「外貯」

經過長期閱讀之後，就可以通過筆記積累起符合自己需要的大量資料，彌補頭腦記憶的不足。因為用頭腦記憶，往往不夠准確和持久，難免忘記、記錯或記混。如把資料分門別類保管好，則可以長期為學習及以後所從事的工作服務，只要不丟，就沒有「忘記」的問題，只要使用之前看一看，這些「外貯」的資料又可轉為「內貯」的記憶，使知識的運用得心應手。保爾·拉法格在回憶馬克思時說：「他有這么一種習慣，隔一些時候就要重讀一次他的筆記和書中做上記號的地方，來鞏固他非常強而且精確的記憶。」

不少中學生在閱讀時，輕信自己的記憶力，懶得動筆，以致到需要運用閱讀的收獲來分析問題解決問題時，忘記得一干二凈，感到很後悔。

還有的中學生筆記記了不少，但不知道定期分類、整理，不知道妥善保存，因此當需要運用時，又因太亂而難以查找，使筆記成了「死材料」。

一般精讀的書，可用筆記本做筆記，而博覽的書，可用活頁紙做筆記，然後定期分類、整理。

如果在中學時代，就學會做讀書筆記，學會積累和整理資料，那麼，天長日久，不僅可以促進課內的學習，而且還能幫助學生學會一套閱讀的方法，提高閱讀的能力，這必將給走上工作崗位後的自學帶來極大的好處。一、整體感知、快速閱讀的技巧：

（1）瀏覽標題，領悟基本內容：標題有時暗示主旨、有啟迪文章思路的作用、提供答題的方向等。

（2）辨識文體（記敘文、議論文、說明文、散文），分析重點文意。

（3）精讀首尾，揣摩主題思想：首尾往往發現作者所表達的中心。

二、答案來源：

A．採摘材料中的原文、關鍵詞語或語句（諸如抓住議論句、抒情句和特殊修辭句、文段中的關鍵形容詞和動詞）。

B．提煉篩選主要的，剔除次要的。即先用自己的話或材料中的語句來概括歸納，再加以合並濃縮，留下重點語句。

三、友情提示：

1．注意審題，領會出題者意圖，圍繞題目要求作答，防止答非所問。

2．辨識文體，根據文體知識作答；答題應有條理、書寫規范。

3．遇到開放性或談看法感受的題目必須結合文章的中心意旨（中心論點）來發散，可適當摘錄文中重點語句回答，並盡量結合實際感受、引用的相關名言警句或美文精練概括。

四、請參閱現代文閱讀解題指導專題訓練

五、文體知識備忘錄：

說明文閱讀

1．明確說明對象：辨析說明對象可以：

a. 看文章題目；

b. 根據說明語段的內容進行分析概括

2．概括說明內容：

事理說明文說明內容一般可概括為：本文主要說明（說明對象）的構造、形態、性質、特點、變化、成因、工作原理、功用等方面。（視具體說明對象的哪些內容而定）

3．明確說明順序：

時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序。

事理說明文一般都採用邏輯順序的說明順序。

4、明確說明方法

（1）說明方法

（2）分析說明方法的作用：

a、先指明所用的說明方法；

b、再聯系說明內容分析該說明方法說明了事物的哪方面的特徵。

5、說明文語言的准確性

答題規范：答：不能刪去，「xx」表示……，去掉後就變成了……

影響了說明文語言的准確性。（不符合實際情況或過於絕對化）

6、明確說明文的結構（作為劃分層次的依據）

常用的結構模式：

總--分、分--總、總--分--總等，事物說明文多用總分式，其「分」的部分又常按並列方式安排。

議論文閱讀

1、找准論點：標題、開頭、篇末、不明顯需精練概括。還可以通過分析論據來找論點。因為論據是證明論點的，分析論據，看它證明的是什麼問題，這個問題就是論點。或者分析題目，有的標題不是論點，而是論證話題，作者對論題的看法就是中心論點。

來源：(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4fd8f78e0100iko7.html) - 初中語文閱讀理解答題技巧_卧龍雲舒_新浪博客
2、分析論據類型：事實論據、道理論據。

考點：補充一個論據；（要緊扣論點，選取真實典型的事例）

3、明確論證方法：舉例論證、道理論證、比喻論證、對比論證

道理論證一般指引用了名人名言做論據的。比喻論證指論證的語句採用了比喻這種修辭手法的。對比論證一般須找出正反兩方面的論述。

考點：分析論證的作用：1.指明所用的論證方法；2.分析該論證方法證明了作者的哪個觀點。（一般是本段的中心句（段首）或所採用論證方法的前一句）

4、論證結構：一般結構：提出問題－分析問題--解決問題(即引論--本淪--結論)。

5、分析議論文的語言特點（准確性、概括性）

6、議論文一般開頭由某件事、一則名言、寓言故事等生發議論。所以它們的作用是：作為引子，引出論證的話題。

7、議論文常用設問句作過渡，反問句式以示強調。（1）設問（手法）句的作用：吸引讀者注意，啟發讀者去思考，發人深思。（2）反問（手法）句的作用：加強語氣，強調作者的觀點，發人深思。

記敘文閱讀

一、解題技巧: 詳見現代文閱讀解題指導專題訓練

二、文體知識：

1記敘的順序：順敘、倒敘、插敘。

倒敘：把事情的結局或某個最突出的片段先寫出來，然後寫事情的發生、經過等。倒敘作用：倒敘一般是為了突出中心、使內容集中，對比鮮明、或使敘述有波瀾、或為了造成結構懸念，引人入勝。

2、記敘的線索

以時間為線索、以事件（某物、地點的轉換、感情的變化、「我」的見聞感受）為線索。

3、記敘的人稱：（1）第一人稱（以''我"的口吻展開敘述）寫法的作用：以當事人的身份敘述，使故事顯得真實（作為故事的見證人）、自然、有親切感。（2）第三人稱寫法不受任何限制，寫起來開闊充分。（3）第二人稱記敘，最貼近讀者，使人感到特別親切。

4表達方式：記敘、抒情、描寫、說明、議論

5描寫方法：分兩類：人物描寫和環境描寫。

（1） 人物描寫\細節描寫

（2） 環境描寫的作用

（3）側面描寫：用他人的反應、與其他人物對比表現人物

6、以寫景抒情為主的記敘文，要理清寫景的順序，找出觀察點（定點觀察或移步換景）。（1）觀察角度：平視（遠視）、仰視、俯視。（2）觀察的手段：視覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺、聽覺。（3）感受的形式：形、色、聲、香、味、光、感。

7、抒情方式：直接抒情和間接抒情。間接抒情一般指借景抒情、寓情於景、情景交融。

8、品味藝術特色：一般指品味文章（包括品位小說）的構思、布局、表現手法和語言特點。回答時看它的構思是否新穎巧妙；情節是否跌宕起伏；是否運用對比、諷刺、誇張、烘托、以小見大、欲揚先抑、象徵、托物言志等表現手法；

9、散文特點：形散而神不散。 形指結構，神指中心意旨

寫作手段：借景抒情、寓情於景、托物言志的象徵手法。

10、當回答回答文章中某一內容有何作用時可從三個方面考慮，（1）內容方面，如深化主題、強調感情等；（2）結構方面的，如過渡、呼應等；（3）語言方面，如引人入勝、生動活潑等。

11、標點符號的作用：

引號：（1）表引用 （2）反語，表諷刺否定 （3）表強調（4）特指

破折號：（1）表解釋說明 （2）表意思的遞進或轉折

（3）表聲音延長 （4）表插說或中斷。

省略號：（1）表內容的省略（2）表靜默或思考（3）表語言的中斷

（4）表說話斷斷續續（5）表話未說完，語意未盡

12、小說三要素：情節、人物、環境

小說結構：開端、發展、高潮、結局（有的前有序幕後有尾聲）

13常見寫作方法

14語句在文章篇章結構上的作用

15、語句在表情達意方面的作用16語言特點評價用詞：准確、生動、形象、通俗易懂、語言簡練、簡潔明了、委婉含蓄、意味深長、富有感染力等。

17、圍繞短文談談自己的看法或體會或感受：

答題模式：先用1句話概括出自己的看法或體會，再用2-3句話談談理由，可以擺事實、講道理、若題目有相關要求，還要結合親身經歷。

㈤ 求幫寫個初中英語教師個人課題結題階段總結，或者寫個框

第一，課題內容未知，只能給你相關框架了。
第二，一般課題結題階段的框架主要包括：

一、標題
結題報告標題格式：
全國教育科學「十五」規劃國家重點課題「整體構建學校德育體系深化研究與推廣實驗」子課題——
××××××××結題報告
（例如：小學生養成教育的深化研究結題報告，初中生心理健康教育內容方法的研究結題報告）
在標題下面列出實驗區、實驗校和課題組及執筆人名稱，聯系電話、郵編、Email地址。
二、正文
結題報告正文由四部分組成。
（一）子課題立項研究的基本情況
這部分包含四項內容。第一，介紹子課題名稱。第二，闡述子課題提出的背景和原因，主要以對學校德育工作、學生思想品德教育及課程改革、家庭教育和社會影響等現狀的調查分析為根據，說明為什麼提出該課題及其進行立項研究的必要性。第三，介紹課題研究的目的和預期目標。第四，介紹參加實驗的年級、班數、人數、課題研究的起止時間。
這部分內容應體現德育科研和德育工作的針對性和主動性，符合課題鑒定驗收標準的「課題性」要求。
（二）課題研究的理論依據
理論依據包括：德育工作的有關文件，如《中共中央國務院關於進一步加強和改進未成年人思想道德建設的若干意見》、《教育部關於整體規劃大中小學德育體系的意見》等；哲學社會科學、教育科學及德育論等基礎理論；總課題組的《整體構建德育體系引論》、《整體構建德育體系總論》、《整體構建學校德育體系導論》、各學段《整體構建學校德育體系實踐導引》的理論要點。理論依據是符合課題鑒定驗收標准「科學性」的必要條件。
（三）課題研究的內容、原則和方法
這部分是總結介紹經過課題研究構建的德育實踐模式的主體部分。鑒於課題研究的內容、原則和方法在實施中的整體聯系，可以把三者結合起來闡述。如將內容、原則、方法融合到學校課題組設計的序列專題活動中進行闡述；也可以將課題研究的內容、原則、方法進行相對劃分，依次總結闡述。
1．課題研究的內容範圍
課題研究的內容是圍繞子課題研究目標設計的具體化的專題或問題，包括實驗校對校本德育體系的目標內容、途徑方法、管理評價中一個方面的具體研究，如子課題「農村小學班主任工作方法體系研究」中的培養學生的集體意識、小學生心理輔導策略、培養良好習慣、與家長溝通配合等專題內容；實驗校對《德育》讀本、《成長冊》、《當代家長》、《好孩子 好習慣》的實驗研究，均可作為課題研究內容進行系統的總結介紹。
2．課題研究的原則把握
課題研究的原則是根據課題研究的理論依據和子課題研究內容確定的研究理念，是對研究過程「應該怎樣做」的理性認識。遵循實驗原則進行實驗操作是教育科研的基本要求和基本特點。實驗原則一般在研究方案中已經確定，結題報告闡述原則應把重點放在怎樣應用科學理論和課題理念進行研究實驗上。
3．課題研究的方法運用
課題研究的方法包括管理方法和研究（實驗）方法兩個方面。管理方法主要是為保證課題研究按計劃實施所採取的課題管理工作措施，如建立課題領導小組，定期進行總結交流，建立科研檔案等。研究方法主要指課題研究使用的教育科研方法，如調查研究法、實驗研究法、個案研究法、行動研究法、文獻研究法等等。結題報告介紹研究方法應緊密結合實例，把重點放在總結介紹怎樣運用適合課題研究內容的方法進行實際操作，怎樣解決實際問題，怎樣實現研究目標上。總結介紹研究方法要突出重點，注重創新，反映特色，講究條理，體現實踐操作過程。例如許多實驗校對《德育》讀本的實驗採用了實驗研究法，其階段總結報告對如何操縱自變數進行了系統的總結，對自變數和因變數的因果關系作了客觀的說明，較清晰地闡述了實驗的方法和實驗的過程，這種寫法可以參考借鑒。這部分內容是符合課題鑒定驗收標準的「科學性」、「創新性」、「規范性」的主體部分。


（四）研究成果和結論
這部分的重點是系統總結課題研究取得的各項成果。
1．分項總結課題研究取得的實際效果。
可以從四個層面進行總結說明：
（1）課題研究對提高學校德育工作整體水平和推進素質教育所產生的作用；
（2）課題研究對提高教師的教書育人能力和師德素質所產生的作用；
（3）課題研究對提高學生的思想品德及整體素質所產生的作用；
（4）課題研究對家庭教育和社會教育的引導和影響情況。
從上述層面總結介紹課題研究效果，要注意選取典型實例以輔助效果說明；對課題研究在落實《中共中央國務院關於進一步加強和改進未成年人思想道德建設的若干意見》、《教育部關於整體規劃大中小學德育體系的意見》等文件中所起的作用也要進行總結說明。闡述實驗效果可以結合語言表述選擇使用列表法和條形、曲線、圓形等圖示法，與實驗前的現狀進行定性或定量的比較說明，這部分是符合課題驗收標准「實效性」的主體部分。
2．分項說明成果形式、數量、發表、獲獎和推廣採用情況。
3．結論
在對研究成果進行系統總結說明的基礎上，寫出課題研究的結論。研究結論主要是用簡明的語言，歸納課題研究所設計的內容和所採用的方法對取得的實際效果的有效性，也可以通過取得的效果證明課題研究設計的內容方法的創新價值和實踐意義。
4．思考與展望
對課題研究過程中的深刻體會或有待繼續研究的問題作概要說明或討論。
三、參考文獻
在報告文後以「參考文獻」為標志列出課題研究參考引用的著作和文章題目。
四、附件
附件是研究成果的系統載體，也是結題鑒定的必備資料。附件類型包括：子課題研究的論文集；德育活動課教案；教師、家長、學生成長、發展變化的典型個案；校本德育教材；已出版的成果專著；刊有子課題成果的報刊雜志；反映課題研究成果的音像製品；其它相關資料。

㈥ 初中語文課外名著導讀總結！！！！急...

名人傳》又稱《巨人三傳》它包括《貝多芬傳》、《托爾斯泰傳》、《米開朗琪羅傳》三部「英雄傳記」
作者：羅曼.羅蘭
國籍：法國
主要人物：貝多芬，米開朗琪羅，列夫。托爾斯泰
其它作品：《約翰