職稱英語閱讀理解試題及答案

㈠ 2012年職稱英語考試綜合A試題答案

給你13號卷的答案及分析，你自己看看吧：
2012年職稱英語綜合A考題答案解析(試卷代碼 13)
第一部分詞彙選項：
1. weary – tired
2. ince – attract
3. crisp – fresh
4. exotic – unusual
5. alleviate – ease
6. update – modernize
7. utterly – completely
8. profile – description
9. discriminate – distinguish
10. asylum– protection
11. layout– arrangement
12. peep– look
13. raninto – hit
14. hollow – empty
15.evoked – refreshed
第二部分 閱讀判斷 In sports, Red is the winning color
16. BothHill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sportsmatches.
答案為A(right).
相關句：They (Hill and Barton) …reachedthe conclusion by studying the outcomesof boxing…
The outcomes 回應上文中提到的「theteam dressed in red is more likely to win」
17. Hilland Barton are both interested in primates(靈長目).
答案為A(right).
相關句：Hill and Barton got the ideafor the study from a mutual in`terest in primates.
18. Malemandrills use yellow coloration toattract a mate.
答案為B(wrong).
相關句：Redcoloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.
19. Redis not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).
答案為B(wrong).
相關句：Scientists put red plasticrings on the legs of male Zebra females, whichincreased the bird』s success in finding a mate.
20. Thered plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.
答案為C（notmentioned）.
21. Hilland Barton believe athletes in red are more likelyto win.
答案為A(right).
相關句：Across a range of sports, wefind that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.
22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sportuniforms.
答案為C(not mentioned)
相關句：the discovery of red』sadvantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.
第三部分 How technology pushes down price
23．E technologyhelps rece food prices
24. C bigger supermarketsoffer lower prices
25. B. Huge retailers force procersto cut costs
26．F． food comes cheaper in larger portions
27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower pricesbecause they can buy ___.
答案為E: in bulk = in large quantities
28. Some forced procers have reced ___
答案為C。minorbrands
29．Besides cutting its cost,Unilever also abandoned its ____
答案為B. workforce
30．Buyers like big portionsbecause they think they have got ___.
答案為A。a good bargain = a better deal
第四部分 閱讀理解
Passage one Going her own way
31. Maria wanted to attend a ____.
答案為C. technical high school.
32. In those days, most Italian girls ___.
答案為B. didn』t go to high school.
33. Maria』s father probably ___.
答案為B. had a traditional view about women.
34. High school teachers in Italy in those days were very ___.
答案為D. strict
35. We can infer from this passage that __
答案為D. Maria was a girl of strongwill
Passage two DNAtesting
36. What』s is the main idea of this passage?
答案為C: DNA testing has played akey role in criminal investigation.
相關句（文章最後兩句）：But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man, DNAtesting has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing,no innocent person should ever be convicted again.
37．DNA testing wasfirst used in a criminal case by ___.
答案為C. police in great Britain
相關句：the very first use of DNAtesting in a criminal case wasin 1985 in great Britain.…because police hadfound samples of the killer』s DNA …
38. The Innocence Projectuses DNA testing to ___.
答案為A. set free innocentprisoners
相關句：in 1992, two law professors,decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convictedprisoner. They created a organization called the innocence project.
39. Some studentsin Northwestern University____.
答案為C. proved some prisoners werenot guilty.
相關句：The students (at Northwestern University)proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime they had beenaccused of.
40. What is the author』s attitude towards DNA testing?
C. positive
Passage three Gross(adj. 總的) national happiness
1． Who was Wangchuck?
答案為B. king
相關句（第一段）：…anew ruler called king Wangchuck…
2. Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, whatelse did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta?
答案為A. keep its traditions and customs.
相關句：Wangchuck decided to helpBhuta to become modern, but without losing itstraditions.
3. A country shows its progress with GNPby ___.
答案為C. selling more procts
相關句：The GNP measures procts and money. When thenumber of procts sold increases people say the country is making progress.
4. According to GNH, people are happier ifthey ___.
答案為D. have a good stablegovernment
5. Today many countries are ___.
答案為B. trying to find their ownways to measure happiness.
相關句：Many countriesare interested in Hutan』s GNH. These countriesare investigating their own ways to measure happiness.
第五部分 補全短文 The mysteries of Nazca
1. 答案為A.seen from the ground, it looks like linesscratched into the earth.
解析：It 指代空格上文中的：oneof the most unusual artworks
2. 答案為:A Swiss(瑞士) writer named Erich wrotethat Nazca lines were designed as alanding place for UFOs.
解析： the Nazca lines 回應空格上文中的lines
UFOs呼應空格下文中的spaceship
3. 答案為C. Hecalled Nazca 「the largest astronomy bookin the world」.
解析：He 回指空格上文中的anAmerican explorer Paul
Astronomy 回應空格上文中的stars, planets
4．F. The largest pictures may have been the sites forspecial ceremonies.
解析：largest與空格下文中的big呼應
Ceremonies與空格上文中的religious reasons呼應
5．B. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
解析：other scientists 與空格上文中的twoscientists 呼應
第六部分 完型填空
The old gate
1. A. defensive
2. D. diseases
3. A. demolished
4. A. but
5. C. actual
6. A. borders
7. A. down
8. because
9. B. maintain
10. D. intension
11. D. preservation
12. B. mean
13. replaced
14. B. chance
15. A. job

㈡ 2012職稱英語綜合A13真題及答案

綜合A13標准版
第一部分詞彙選項：
1. weary – tired
2. ince – attract
3. crisp – fresh
4. exotic – unusual
5. alleviate – ease
6. update – modernize
7. utterly – completely
8. profile – description
9. discriminate – distinguish
10. asylum – protection
11. layout – arrangement
12. peep – look
13. ran into – hit
14. hollow – empty
15. evoked – refreshed

第二部分 閱讀判斷 In sports, Red is the winning color
16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.
答案為A(right).
相關句：They (Hill and Barton) …reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing…
The outcomes 回應上文中提到的「the team dressed in red is more likely to win」

17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(靈長目).
答案為A(right).
相關句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual in`terest in primates.

18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.
答案為B(wrong).
相關句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.

19. Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).
答案為B(wrong).
相關句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the bird』s success in finding a mate.

20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.
答案為C（not mentioned）.

21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.
答案為A(right).
相關句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.

22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.
答案為C(not mentioned)
相關句：the discovery of red』s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.

第三部分 How technology pushes down price
23．E technology helps rece food prices
24. C bigger supermarkets offer lower prices
25. B. Huge retailers force procers to cut costs
26．F． food comes cheaper in larger portions

27. Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy ___.
答案為E: in bulk = in large quantities

28. Some forced procers have reced ___
答案為C。minor brands

29．Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its ____
答案為B. workforce

30．Buyers like big portions because they think they have got ___.
答案為A。 a good bargain = a better deal

第四部分 閱讀理解
Passage one Going her own way
31. Maria wanted to attend a ____.
答案為C. technical high school.

32. In those days, most Italian girls ___.
答案為B. didn』t go to high school.

33. Maria』s father probably ___.
答案為B. had a traditional view about women.

34. High school teachers in Italy in those days were very ___.
答案為D. strict

35. We can infer from this passage that __
答案為D. Maria was a girl of strong will

Passage two DNA testing
36. What』s is the main idea of this passage?
答案為C: DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.
相關句（文章最後兩句）： But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life. And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.

37．DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by ___.
答案為C. police in great Britain
相關句：the very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in great Britain. …because police had found samples of the killer』s DNA …

38. The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to ___.
答案為A. set free innocent prisoners
相關句：in 1992, two law professors, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner. They created a organization called the innocence project.

39. Some students in Northwestern University ____.
答案為C. proved some prisoners were not guilty.
相關句：The students (at Northwestern University) proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime they had been accused of.

40. What is the author』s attitude towards DNA testing?
C. positive

Passage three Gross(adj. 總的) national happiness
1． Who was Wangchuck?
答案為B. king
相關句（第一段）：…a new ruler called king Wangchuck…

2. Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta?
答案為A. keep its traditions and customs.
相關句：Wangchuck decided to help Bhuta to become modern, but without losing its traditions.

3. A country shows its progress with GNP by ___.
答案為C. selling more procts
相關句：The GNP measures procts and money. When the number of procts sold increases people say the country is making progress.

4. According to GNH, people are happier if they ___.
答案為D. have a good stable government

5. Today many countries are ___.
答案為B. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.
相關句：Many countries are interested in Hutan』s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.

第五部分 補全短文 The mysteries of Nazca

1. 答案為A. seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.
解析：It 指代空格上文中的：one of the most unusual artworks
2. 答案為: A Swiss(瑞士) writer named Erich wrote that Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.
解析： the Nazca lines 回應空格上文中的 lines
UFOs呼應空格下文中的spaceship
3. 答案為C. He called Nazca 「the largest astronomy book in the world」.
解析：He 回指空格上文中的an American explorer Paul
Astronomy 回應空格上文中的 stars, planets
4．F. The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.
解析：largest與空格下文中的big呼應
Ceremonies 與空格上文中的religious reasons呼應
5．B. Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.
解析：other scientists 與空格上文中的two scientists 呼應

第六部分 完型填空
The old gate
1. A. defensive
2. D. diseases
3. A. demolished
4. A. but
5. C. actual
6. A. borders
7. A. down
8. because
9. B. maintain
10. D. intension
11. D. preservation
12. B. mean
13. replaced
14. B. chance
15. A. job

㈢ 2015年中石化職稱英語答案，＝考試真題

2015年中石化抄職稱英語考試結束之後就有考試答案了。在網上一般都會搜到的。

全國專業技術人員職稱英語等級考試是由國家人事部組織實施的一項國家級外語考試。本考試遵循「嚴格要求、實事求是、區別對待、逐步提高」的原則，根據英語在不同專業領域活動中的應用特點，結合專業技術人員掌握和使用英語的實際情況，對申報不同級別專業技術職務的人員的英語水平提出了不同的要求。

㈣ 職稱英語考試復習

購買2012年教材的時候，要注意是「人力資源和社會保障部人事考試中心和國家外國專家局培訓中心」組編。
職稱英語考試的教材每年都會更新，一般是在前一年職稱英語教材同級別、同類別的基礎上替換15%的內容。根據歷年慣例，職稱英語考試教材一般都在每年的1月上旬出版，但考生拿到手的時間往往要到1月底，所以准備的時間很短。根據每年只替換15%的原則，自己組合教材。職稱英語新增文章歷來是考試的重點，大家一點要多多注意。
職稱英語考試試題會從指定職稱英語考試教材《職稱英語等級考試用書》中出兩篇原文，一篇閱讀理解，一篇完形填空，共30分，占總分的30%。
在2012年職稱英語教材出來之前，建議大家買一本去年職稱英語的考試教材，看一下去年的文章，因為部分閱讀理解和完形填空會從教材里出題，所以應該說教材是最好復習材料。

職稱英語考試是可以帶詞典進入考場的考試，考生可以使用國家正式出版的普通外文字典或詞典。但禁止使用針對全國職稱外語等級考試編輯出版的外語字典、詞典，或外語教材和外語詞彙手冊。新東方在線網路課堂職稱英語輔導團隊建議廣大考生在選擇考場使用詞典時遵循以下幾個原則：
1、國家規定電子出版物不能帶入考場;
2、有職稱字樣及針對職稱英語考試編寫的字典均不能帶入考場,例如字典上有"職稱英語"字樣的等。
2011考後網友反饋如下：
牛津高階，老幺，王霞都可以帶入考場
幺建華的詞典今年的詞彙題，有6道不能直接查到，但通過英漢能找到答案，就是耽誤了點時間。
字典王霞/牛津同義詞：王霞的有4個查不到---剩餘4個牛津查出來3個
實用詞典被沒收（遼寧出版社，之前在論壇提過這本不能帶）
牛津同義詞，都有！
商務印書館的新思維英漢詞典，全查到的
我用的是商務的新思維，90%有，有的題目就是裡面的舉例。
牛津高階雙解詞典可以查到

建議，如果考生的英語基礎比較好，可以買國家指定的教材，自己有計劃的進行復習！
對於基礎不是很好，平時又沒有時間學習的考生，建議大家使用網路學習，近幾年網路學習尤其受到廣大在職人員的歡迎，考生可以自行選擇合適的時間在網上學習。
推薦每年職稱英語通過率很高的博大考神職稱英語家庭式培訓班，可以網路一下。

㈤ 請問：職稱英語做閱讀判斷題的時候應該怎麼答

在職稱英語考試中，閱讀判斷題和閱讀理解題，同樣都需要閱讀文章來選擇答案回或者是進行判斷答。但閱讀判斷題，不同於閱讀理解，除了將文章讀完，找到題目對應的答案所在句之外，還需要將這個題目在原文中的句子和題目進行比較，最終得出是正確還是錯誤。其中，A答案是正確，B答案是錯誤，而難點在於除了正確和錯誤之外，多了一個C，未提及。
需要注意的是：
1、對於考生而言，職稱英語考試的時間非常緊張，閱讀判斷題型不適合先閱讀文章後做題，而應當先閱讀題目後看文章，這樣便於節省時間。
2、在閱讀時注意順序性，即題目的順序和原文的順序基本一致。一般而言，第一題的答案應在文章的前部，第二題的答案應在第一題的答案之後。
3、靠前邊的題在靠前邊的段落尋找答案，反之亦然。這個規律也有助於同學們確定答案的位置。
4、閱讀判斷題中「沒提到的出題形式」
1）問題句中的信息內容根本沒有在文章中出現；
2）問題句中的部分信息內容(部分詞語或結構)在文章中出現了， 但根據文章中涉及到這些詞語的句子無法判斷問題句的說法是「正確」還是「錯誤」， 則只能判斷該問題句為「沒提到」。

㈥ 2010職稱英語考試理工B 代碼23 閱讀理解三道題的順序

1.Natural Gas
2.Night of the living Ants
3.The lceman
希望採納

㈦ 請問：2016年職稱英語考試閱讀判斷題型答題技巧

2016年職稱英語考試閱讀判斷題型答題技巧
閱讀判斷題的考查目標是：考查應試者判斷識別文章所提供的信息的能力。
考試方式為：給出一篇300～450詞的短文，短文後列出7個句子，有的句子提供的是正確的信息，有的句子提供的是錯誤的信息，有的句子的信息在短文中並未直接或間接提及，要求應試者根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷。
閱讀判斷題這類題型難度在於，在對和錯之外還有第三種狀態：未提及。往往很多考生難以區分「錯」和「未提及」。這種題型考查的是應試者判斷識別文章所提供的信息的能力。但需要重點指出：這里所指的「信息」，既有文章中明示的信息，也有藏在字里行間中的信息，即隱含信息。因此，考生在做這部分題目時，需要仔細閱讀。
建議考生在基礎復習階段先熟悉、積累並掌握歷年真題中的閱讀判斷題型提問時常見的語法結構(例被動語態、定語從句等)和涉及到詞彙的學習，從而使自己能盡可能讀懂一些問句的意義。
此外，建議考生先閱讀題目再返回到文章讀文意，也就是帶著問題讀文章，這樣便於節省時間，提高答題效率。
步驟一：在閱讀題目時不可盲目，要有很強的目的性，准確確定題目中的關鍵詞，然後尋找關鍵詞在文章中所在的句子及段落
所謂關鍵詞是指：
1.名詞或名詞性短語
2.專有名詞;
3.形容(幅)詞或形容(副)詞性短語;
4.數字或年代。
注意：
a.文章標題中的單詞一般不宜作為關鍵詞;
b.在文章中出現頻率較高的詞一般不宜作為關鍵詞;
c.動詞一般不宜作為關鍵詞。
將題目中的關鍵詞與每段話的第一句相對照。有些題目能先定位到原文中的一個段落，這必將大大加快解題時間，並提高准確率。但並不是每個題目都能先定位到原文中的一個段落的。
步驟二：判斷，根據下列原則和規律，確定正確答案
選擇A、B或C的三種情況：
1.選A的情況：如果某題干與原文信息完全一致或基本一致。
2.選B的情況：如果某題干與原文信息完全相反。
3.選C的情況：如果某題幹部分或局部信息在原文中未提到。

㈧ 職稱英語考試題型有哪些

職稱英語考復試題型共如制下六部分：
第1部分：詞彙選項(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分)
第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分)
第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共45分)
第5部分：補全短文(第46-50題，每題2分，共10分)
第6部分：完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)

職稱英語考試有三個級別，A、B、C三個等級的考試各由6個部分組成，每個級別的考試題型一樣、題量相同，但不同級別考試總的閱讀量及難易程度不同。考試主要考查考生理解書面英語的能力。

㈨ 2010年職稱英語理工A試題及答案

這個怎麼樣？：2010年職稱英語理工類A級真題答案及解析（一）詞彙選項funny – humorous appalling – terriblediligent – hardworkingdecent – goodput up with – toleratedemolish – disproveturmoil – confusionhazard – dangermerge – combineresentment – angergraceful – politevague – unclearimmense – greatspur – encouragevigorous – energetic （二）閱讀判斷California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power1.Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space.答案為A： right. 2.Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.答案為C： Not mentioned3.Earth-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.答案為B:出題句: Earth-based solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sunlight ring daytime and when skies are clear. 出題句中提到了「位於地球上的的太陽能電池」收集太陽的兩個條件：一個是在白天， 一個是當天空晴朗的時候。 而題干說「只有當天空晴朗的時候位於地球上的的太陽能電池才能收集太陽能」， 因此題干與文章相關內容不一致。4.An advantage of the space-based solar power system is that it is economical.答案為B：出題句為： But space-based solar power must grapple with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Pure University in West Lafayette, Indiana. 「If you're talking about it being economically viable for power of the Earth, it's a tough go,」 he says. 出題句說「基於太空的太陽能必須要解決把高成本的問題」， 題乾的意義（基於太空的太陽能的一個優勢是其經濟性）與出題句意義矛盾。 5.Inflatable mirrors are used to rece the weight of the space-based solar power system.該題答案為A： Right6.Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy source.該題答案為B：wrong.出題句: Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. 出題句說「不會排擠掉其他形成的可更新能源」， 題干與出題句意義不一致。7.Many countries will grant permission for the use of the space-based solar power system.該題答案為C： Not mentioned。 （三）概括大意與完成句子B. Natural gas consumptionC. Natural gas reserves and supplyD. Disadvantage of natural gasE. Natural gas pricesF. Clean fuel of choiceNatural GasParagraph 2 A. Popularity and use of natural gasParagraph 3 F. Clean fuel of choiceParagraph 4 B Natural gas consumptionParagraph 5 C Natural gas reserves and supply27-30 AFBD（四）閱讀理解閱讀第一篇Scientists Make Sweet Discovery很抱歉！第一篇閱讀理解缺失。閱讀第二篇How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence答案為： C，A，D，C，C閱讀第三篇The lce man36 The body of the lceman was found in the mountains mainly because√A the melted ice made him visible
B he was just on a mountain passC two Germans were climbing the mountainsD he was lying on the ice37What can be inferred from paragraph2?AThe lceman was killed while working
BThe lceman was struck dead from behindCThe lceman lived a poor life√DThe lceman could have died from the wound in the head38All the following are assumptions once made about the lceman EXCEPTA he was a soldier in World War 1
Bhe was borm about a thousand years agoChe was a Swiss woman』s long-lost father√Dhe came from ltaly39The scientists made the dection that the lceman√Awas probably in some king of a battle
Bhad a tiny hole in his skin causing his death Cwas hit the shoulder by an arrowheadDhad got a wound on the back of his head40The word 「bandits」in paragraph 4 could be best replaced byAsoldiers
Bshooters√CrobbersDhunters（五）補全短文I just know how you feel46. He said that the expression of theses feelings are universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture. 47. Research have also been done find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions. 48. They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by "I feel"or "he looks" or "she sounds"49. Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective. 50. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it（六）完形填空Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity Not a plant to be seen．the desert ground is too dry．But the air contains water，and research scientists have found a 1 way of obtaining drinking water from air humidity．The system is based completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous． Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack ofwater．But even here，where there are no lakes，rivers or groundwater，considerable quantities of water are stored in the air．In the Negev desertl in Israel，for example，annual average relative air humidity is 64 percent一in every cubic meter of air there are 11.5 milliliters of water． German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously into drinkable water．「The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources 2 such as thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic cells， 3 which makes this method completely energy-autonomous．It will 4 therefore function in regions wherethere is no electrical infrastructure．」says Siegfried Egner，head of the research team．The principle of the 5 process is as follows3：hygroscopic brine—saline solution which absorbs moisture—runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air．It is then sucked 6 into a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails4．Energy from solar collectors 7 heats up the brine，which is diluted by the water it has 8 absorbed ． Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under 9 normal atmospheric pressure．This effect is known from the mountains：as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley，water boils at temperatures distinctlybelow 100℃．The evaporated，non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner．The gravity of this water column 10 continuously proces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed．The reconcentrated3 brine 11 runs down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air．
「The concept is suitable for various water 12 users ．Single-person units and plantssupplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，」says Egner．Prototypes have been built for 13 both system components—air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation—and the research scientists have already 14tested their interplay on a laboratory scale．In a further 15 step the researchers intend to develop a demonstrmion facility．詞彙： autonomous adj．獨立的 thermal adj. 熱的 permeate v．遍布 photovoltaic adj．光電的 hygroscopic n．吸濕的 infrastructure n．基礎設施 brine n．鹽水 interplay n．相互作用 saline adj．含鹽的注釋： 1．Negev desert：內蓋夫沙漠（位於以色列南部的沙漠地區，占以色列國土面積一半以上)。 2．Israel：以色列 3．as follows：如下 4．in which a vacuum prevails：水箱里是真空狀態。Which指代的是前半句的tank。prevail意為 「占上風」。 5.reconcentrated：重新濃縮的

㈩ 誰知道，2016年職稱英語綜合A補全短文真題原文出！

2016年職稱英語綜合A補全短文教材原文
閱讀理解改編補全短文
Sauna【桑拿浴】
Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.
The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, 「svusauna」, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.
Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but t hey may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body』s core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.
Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Alts sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body』s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.
A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor』s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.
文章中文翻譯：
桑拿浴
儀式性的沐浴已經有幾千年的歷史，並且有多種形式，其中的一種就是桑拿浴。芬蘭人完善了蒸汽浴。它可以在一個封閉的房間里將水澆在滾燙的石頭上，或是一種乾的蒸汽浴這一形式。用熱蒸汽干蒸的方式在古羅馬很受歡迎，而哥倫布發現美洲大陸前的美洲人則使用充滿蒸汽的小屋。
最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞裡。由於當時還沒有掌握煙囪技術，山洞裡總是充滿著火焰引起的濃煙。人們在火槽里生火，加熱山洞的四壁。當牆壁達到一定的溫度時，將濃煙排出洞外，這使得牆壁還能保持幾個小時的高溫。今天，有一些人認為有煙的桑拿浴，「煙熏桑拿」，才是真正的桑拿體驗，而所有的桑拿浴都應該至少有煙熏或煙味兒的背景。現在，盡管煤油爐和燒木頭的火爐仍然可以使用，大多數的桑拿浴都是用電爐。
桑拿浴能使人放鬆並消除壓力。肌肉疼痛或關節炎都可以利用桑拿浴的熱氣減輕疼痛和炎症。熱氣還可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加順暢。桑那浴並不能治癒普通的感冒，但它可以減輕患者的胸悶感，加快康復的速度。在蒸桑拿時，人體溫度通常會上升1~2度，就像發低燒一樣的感覺。因此，蒸桑拿可以說是印證了一句老話：「傷風時宜吃，發熱時宜熱。」定期蒸桑拿可以預防感冒的發生。
蒸桑拿對皮膚也有好處。它可以促進皮膚的血液循環和出汗。在這個過程中，成年人一般每小時要蒸發2磅的水。出汗可以清除毛孔中的污垢，使皮膚變得光潔。失水只是暫時性的，人體機能能夠很快補充合適的水量。在熱氣交換的過程中，心臟跳動得更快，這就使心血管系統也得到了鍛煉，蒸桑拿浴時的心率能從原來的平均每分鍾72下，增加到100~150下。
健康的心臟可以承受這種變化，而那些心臟病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前應該先徵求醫生的建議。同樣的，老年人和糖尿病患者也應如此。孕婦則不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是懷孕的頭三個月。其實，每個人在剛開始嘗試桑拿浴時都應該先是短時間的，直到適應了這種沐浴方式。