初中英語閱讀考點詞
1. o2017版中學生世界中考英語考點詞彙練習卷的答案
老鐵你有毒吧,你做完不對對答案不是白做了嗎( ̀⌄ ́)
2. 初中英語所有考點
(加「*」號的項目只要求理解)
1. 詞類:1)名詞 2)形容詞 3)副詞 4)動詞
5)代詞 6)冠詞 7)數詞 8)介詞
9)連詞 10)感嘆詞
*2. 構詞法:
1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room
2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,
cloudy, unhappy
3)轉化法 hand (n.)—hand (v.)
dry (adj.)—dry (v.)
3. 名詞
1)可數名詞和不可數名詞
2)名詞的復數
3)專有名詞
4)所有格
4. 代詞
1)人稱代詞的主格和賓格形式
2)物主代詞的形容詞與名詞性形式
3)反身代詞 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
4)指示代詞 this, that, these, those
5)不定代詞 some, any, no, etc.
6)疑問代詞 what, who, whose, which, etc.
5. 數詞 基數詞和序數詞
6. 介詞 詞彙表中所列介詞的基本用法
7. 連詞 詞彙表中所列連詞的基本用法
8. 形容詞
1)作定語、表語、賓語補足語的基本用法
2)比較等級 (原級、比較級、最高級)的基本用法
(1)構成 -er, -est; more, the most
(2)基本句型
as+原級形式+as...
not as (so)+原級形式+as...
比較級形式+than...
the+最高級形式+...in (of)...
9. 副詞
1)表示時間、地點、方式、程度等的基本用法
2)疑問副詞when, where, how
3)比較等級 (原級、比較級、最高級)
(1)構成 -er, -est; more, the most
(2)基本句型
as+原級形式+as...
not as (so)+原級形式+as...
比較級形式+than...
the+最高級形式+...in (of)...
*10. 冠詞 一般用法
11. 動詞
*1)動詞種類
(1)行為動詞或實義動詞
1及物動詞
2不及物動詞
(2)連系動詞 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
(3)助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
(4)情態動詞 can, may, must, need, etc.
2)時態
(1)一般現在時
I get up at six o'clock every morning.
He doesn't speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.
(2)一般過去時
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
(3)一般將來時
1. shall (will)+動詞原形
I shall (will)go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
2. be going to+動詞原形
I'm going to help him.
(4)現在進行時
We're reading the text now.
They're waiting for a bus.
(5)現在完成時
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
*(6)過去進行時
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
*(7)過去完成時
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
*(8)過去將來時
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
3)被動語態
(1)一般現在時的被動語態
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般過去時的被動語態
The song was written by that worker.
(3)一般現在時帶情態動詞的被動語態
She must be sent to hospital at once.
4)動詞不定式
*(1)作主語
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
(2)作賓語
They began to read.
(3)作賓語補足語
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
*(4)作定語
I have an important meeting to attend.
(5)作狀語
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
(6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之後
I don't know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn't know what to do next.
12. 句子種類
1)陳述句 (肯定式和否定式)
2)疑問句 (一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句)
3)祈使句 (肯定式和否定式)
*4)感嘆句
*13. 句子成份
1)主語
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)謂語
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表語
Her sister is a nurse.
It's me.
I'm ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)賓語
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接賓語和間接賓語
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)賓語補足語
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定語
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)狀語
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
14. 簡單句的五種基本句型
第一種 主語+連系動詞+表語 (S+V+P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二種 主語+不及物動詞 (S+V)
He swims.
第三種 主語+及物動詞+賓語 (S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
第四種 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 (S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
15. 並列句 He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
16. 復合句
1)賓語從句
He said (that)he felt sick.
I don't know whether (if)she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can't tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
2)狀語從句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon.
He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.
* Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
*3)定語從句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which (that)are flying.
3. 初中英語短語常考點
第一組 by accident 偶然 on account of 因為,由於 in addition 另外 in addition to 除 …… 之外 in the air 在流行中,在傳播中 on (the/an) average 平均,一般來說 on the basis of 根據,在 …… 的基礎上 at (the) best 充其量,至多 for the better 好轉,改善 on board 在船 ( 車、飛機 ) 上 out of breath 喘不過氣來 on business 因公,因事 in any case 無論如何,總之 in case of 假使,萬一 in case 假如,以防 ( 萬一 ) 免得 in no case 決不 第二組 by chance 偶然,碰巧 in charge (of) 負責,主管 (a) round the clock 晝夜不停地 in common 共用,共有,共同 in conclusion 最後,總之 on condition that 在 …… 條件下 in confidence 信任 in connection with/to 關於 in consequence 因此,結果 in consequence of 由於 …… 的緣故 on the contrary 反之,正相反 in contrast with/to 與 …… 成對照 out of control 失去控制 under control 被控制住 at all costs 不惜任何代價 at the cost of 以 …… 為代價 第三組 in the course of 在 …… 過程中,在 …… 期間 of course 當然,自然,無疑 in danger 在危險中,垂危 out of danger 脫離危險 out of date 過期 ( 時 ) 的 up to date 時新的 in debt 欠債 in detail 詳細地 in difficulties 處境困難 in the distance 在遠處 off ty 下班 on ty 值班,上班 on earth 究竟,到底 at all events 無論如何 in any event 無論如何 in effect 有效;實際上 第四組 in the event of 萬一,如果發生 for example 例如 with the exception of 除 …… 之外 in the face of 面對,不顧,即使 in fact 其實,實際上 on fire 燒著 on foot 步行 in force 有效;實施中 in favo(u)r of 有利於,贊成,支持 in front of 在 …… 面前 in (the) future 今後,將來 on guard 警惕,防範 in general 通常,大體上 in half 成兩半 at hand 在手邊,在附近 from tip to toe 徹頭徹尾,完全 by hand 用手 hand down to 往下傳,傳給 ( 後代 ) 第五組 hand in hand 手拉手,攜手 in hand 在掌握中,在控制中 on hand 在手邊,臨近 on (the) one hand... 一方面 …… , on the other hand... 另一方面 …… at heart 在內心;實質上 by heart 牢記,憑記憶 at home 在家,在國內;自在,自如 in honor of 以紀念,向 …… 表示敬意 on one's honor 以名譽擔保 in a hurry 匆忙地,立即 for instance 例如,舉例說 at intervals 不時,時時 at last 最終,終於 at least 至少,最低限度 in the least 一點,絲毫 第六組 at length 終於,最後;詳細地 in the light of 按照,根據 in line 成一直線,排成一行 in line with 與 …… 一致,按照 at a loss 困惑,不知所措 as a matter of fact 其實,事實上 by all means 無論如何,必定 by means of 藉助於,用 by no means 決不 in memory of 紀念 at the mercy of 在 …… 支配下 by mistake 錯誤地 at the moment 現在,此刻 for a moment 片刻,一會兒 for the moment 現在,暫時 in a moment 立刻,馬上 第七組 in nature 本質上 on occasion 有時,不時 in order 秩序井然,整齊 in group to 以便,為了 in group that 以便 out of order 發生故障,失調 on one's own 獨自地,獨立地 in particular 特別地,尤其,詳細地 in the past 在過去,以往 in person 親自 in place 在適當的位置 in place of 代替 in the first place 起初,首先 in the last place 最後 out of place 不得其所的,不適當的 on the point 即將 …… 的時候 第八組 to the point 切中要害,切題 in practice 在實際中,實際上 out of practice 久不練習,荒疏 at present 目前,現在 for the present 目前,暫時 in proportion to( 與 ……) 成比例的 in public 公開地,當眾 for (the) purpose of 為了 on purpose 故意,有意 with the purpose of 為了 in question 正在考慮 at random 隨意地,任意地 at any rate 無論如何,至少 by reason of 由於 as regards 關於,至於 with/in regard to 對於,就 …… 而論 第九組 in/with relation to 關繫到 with respect to 關於 as a result 結果,因此 as a result of 由於 …… 的結果 in return 作為報答,作為回報 on the road 在旅途中 as a rule 規章,規則;通常,照例 in the long run 最終,從長遠觀點看 for the sake of 為了 …… 起見 on sale 出售;賤賣 on a large scale 大規模地 on a small scale 小規模地 in secret 秘密地,私下地 in a sense 從某種意義上說 in shape 處於良好狀態 on the side 作為兼職,額外 第十組 at first sight 乍一看,初看起來 in sight 被看到,在望 out of sight 看不見,在視野之外 in spite of 不管,不顧;盡管,雖然 on the spot 當場,在現場 in step 同步,合拍 out of step 步調不一致,不協調 in stock 現有,備有 in sum 總而言之 in tears 流著淚,含淚,哭 in terms of 依據,按照;用 …… 措詞 for one thing 首先,一則 on the second thoughts 經重新考慮,一轉念 at a time 每次,一次 at no time 從不,決不 at one time 同時,曾經,從前曾 第十一組 at the same time 但是,然而 at times 有時 for the time being 目前,暫時 from time to time 有時,不時 in no time 立即,馬上 in time 及時,適時地 on time 准時 on top of 在 …… 之上 out of touch 失去聯系 in truth 事實上,實際上,的確 on try 試穿 by turns 輪流,交替地 in turn 依次,輪流 in vain 徒勞,無效 a variety of 種種,各種 by virtue of 由於 第十二組 by the way 順便提一下,另外 by way of 經由,通過 …… 方式 in a way 在某點,在某種程度上 in no way 決不 in the way of 妨礙 in one's/the way 妨礙,阻礙 after a while 過了一會,不久 for a while 暫時,一時 on the whole 總的來說 in a word 總而言之 in other words 換句話說,也就是說 at work 在工作,忙於 out of work 失業 in the world 到底,究竟 動詞 + 名詞形式 第十三組 have/gain access to 可以獲得 take...into account 考慮 gain/have an advantage over 勝過,優於 pay the way for 為 …… 鋪平道路 take advantage of 利用,趁 …… 之機 pay attention to 注意 do/try one's best 盡力,努力 get the best of 勝過 make the best of 充分利用,妥善處理 get the better of 打敗,致勝 catch one's breath 屏息,歇口氣 take care 小心,當心 take care of 照顧,照料 take a chance 冒險一試 take charge of 擔任,負責 keep company with 與 …… 交往,與 …… take delight in 以 …… 為樂 with delight 欣然,樂意地 第十四組 make a/the difference 有影響,很重要 carry/bring into effect 使生效,使起作用 put into effect 實行,生效 come/go into effect 生效,實施 take effect 生效,起作用 catch one's eye 引人注目 keep an eye on 留意,照看 make a face 做鬼臉 find fault 埋怨,挑剔 catch fire 著火 come/go into force 生效,實施 make friends 交朋友,友好相處 be friends with 對 …… 友好,與 …… 交上朋友 make fun of 取笑,嘲弄 keep one's head 保持鎮靜 lost one's head 不知所措 第十五組 lose heart 喪失勇氣,失去信心 get/learn by heart 記住,背誦 get hold of 抓住,掌握 keep house 管理家務,做家務 throw/cast light on 使明白,闡明 bear/keep in mind 記住 have in mind 記住,考慮到,想到 make up one's mind 下決心 come/go into operation 使投入生產,使運轉 put in order 整理,檢修 keep/hold pace with 跟上,與 …… 同步 play a part 起作用 take place 發生,進行 take the place of 代替 come to the point 說到要點,扼要地說 bring/carry into practice 實施,實行 第十六組 make progress 進步,進展 give rise to 引起,使發生 make sense 講得通,有意義 catch the sight of 發現,突然看見 (go) on the stage 當演員 take one's time 不急不忙,從容進行 keep in touch 保持聯系 keep track 通曉事態,注意動向 lose track 失去聯系 make use of 利用 put to use 使用,利用 give way 讓路,讓步 lead the way 帶路,引路 make one's way 前進,進行 make way 讓路,開路 keep one's word 遵守諾言 第十七組 act on 作用 appeal to 呼籲,要求 attempt at 企圖,努力 attitude to/towards 態度,看法 a great/good deal of 大量 ( 的 ) ,許多 ( 的 ) influence on 影響 interference in 干涉 interference with 妨礙,打擾 第十八組 introce to 介紹 a lot (of) 許多 ( 的 ) ,大量 ( 的 ) lots of 大量,很多 fall in love with 相愛,愛上 a matter of( 關於 ……) 的問題 a number of 若干,許多 reply to 回答,答復 a series of 一系列,一連串 英語常考詞語固定搭配(四) 第十九組 trolley bus 電車 I. D. card 身份證 credit card 信用卡 no doubt 無疑,必定 next door 隔壁 out of doors 在戶外 face to face 面對面地 as matter of fact 實際情況,真相 a few 有些,幾個 quite a few 還不少,有相當數目的 a little 一點,稍微,一些,少許 little by little 逐漸地 quite a little 相當多,不少 no matter 無論 the moment (that) 一 …… 就 no more 不再 第二十組 fair play 公平競賽;公平對待 in demand 有需要,銷路好 rest room 廁所,盥洗室 primary school 小學 side by side 肩並肩,一個挨一個 heart and soul 全心全意 step by step 逐步 ahead of time 提前 all the time 一直,始終 once upon a time 從前 once in a while 偶爾,有時 no wonder 難怪,怪不得 word for word 逐字地 decline with thanks 婉言謝絕 動詞 + 介詞形式 第二十一組 account for 說明 ( 原因等 ) aim at 瞄準,針對 allow for 考慮到 appeal to 呼籲,要求 arrive at 達成,得出 ask after 詢問,問候 ask for 請求,要求 attach to 附屬於,隸屬於 begin with 從開始 break into 闖入 break off 斷絕,結束 break through 突破 break up 中止,結束;打碎,折斷 bring about 帶來,造成 bring down 打倒,挫傷;降低 bring forth 產生,提上 第二十二組 bring forward 提出 bring out 使出現;公布;出版 bring up 教育,培養,使成長 build up 積累;堵塞;樹立,逐步建立;增進;鍛煉 call for 邀請;要求;需求 call forth 喚起,引起;振作起,鼓起 call off 放棄,取消 catch at 抓住 ( 東西 ) call on/upon 訪問,拜訪;號召,呼籲 call up 召集,動員;打電話 care for 照管,關心;喜歡,意欲 carry off 奪去 carry on 繼續下去;從事,經營 carry out 貫徹,執行;實現 come to 總計,達到;蘇醒,復原 count on 依靠;期待,指望 count up 把 …… 相加 第二十三組 cover up 掩飾,掩蓋 cut across 走捷徑,抄近路 deal with 處理,對付,安排 do without 沒有 …… 也行 fill in/out 填充,填寫 get at 得到,接近;意思是 get into 進入,陷入 go after 追求 go into 進入;研究,調查 go for 竭力想取得;喜愛;支持,擁護 go through 經歷,經受;詳細檢查 go with 伴隨,與 …… 協調 go without 沒有 …… 也行 improve on 改進 keep to 保持,堅持 lie in 在於 live up to 不辜負 第二十四組 live on/by 靠 …… 生活,以 …… 為食 live through 度過,經受過 look after 照管,照料 look at 看望,注視 look for 尋找,尋求 look into 調查,觀察,過問;窺視 look over 檢查,查看,調查 look through 仔細查看,瀏覽,溫習 make for 走向,駛向;有助於 occur to 被想到,被想起 play with 以 …… 為消遣,玩弄 refer to 參考,查閱,涉及,提到 run for 競選 run into 撞上,偶然碰見 see to 注意,負責,照料,修理 send for 派人去請,召喚;索取 第二十五組 send in 呈報,遞交,送來 serve as 作為,用作 set aside 挑出,撥出,留出;拒絕 sit for 參加 stand by 支持,幫助;袖手旁觀 stand for 代替,代表,意味著 stand against 反抗,抵抗 stick to 堅持,忠於,信守 take after 與 …… 相像 take for 把 …… 認為是,把 …… 看成是 take in 接受,吸收;了解,理解 take to 喜歡,親近 touch on 關繫到,涉及 turn into 變成 turn to 變成;求助於,藉助於 turn off 關上;出產;解僱 動詞 + 副詞形式 第二十六組 break down 損壞,分解,瓦解 break in 闖入;打斷,插嘴 break out 逃出;突然發生,爆發 bring to 使恢復知覺 burn out 燒掉 burn up 燒起來,旺起來;燒完 catch on 理解,明白 check in 辦理登記手續 check out 結賬後離開;檢驗,核查 check up (on) 校對,檢查,檢驗 cheer up 使高興,使振奮 clear away 掃除,收拾 clear up 收拾;澄清;放晴 make it clear that 弄清楚 come off 實現,成功,奏效 come on 請,來吧,快點;開始,出場,上演 come out 出版;出現,顯露;結果是 第二十七組 come round (around) 來訪,前來;蘇醒,復原 come through 經歷,脫險 come up 走近,上來;發生,被提出 cross out 刪去,取消 cut back 削減,減少 cut down 削減,降低 cut in( 汽車 ) 搶道;插嘴,打斷 cut off 切斷;刪去;停止 cut out 刪除 cut short 突然停止 die down 漸漸消失,平息 die out 消失,滅絕 draw in( 火車、汽車 ) 到站 draw up 寫上,畫上;草擬;停住 dress up 穿上盛裝,打扮得很漂亮 drop by/in 順便來訪 dry out 干透,使干 dry up 乾涸,枯竭 第二十八組 drop off 減弱,減少 drop out 退出,離隊 fall behind 落後 fall out 爭吵;結果是 fall through 落空,失敗 feed in 輸入 find out 查明 get across 解釋清楚,使人了解 get around/round 走動,旅行; ( 消息 ) 傳開 get away 逃脫,離開 get by 通過,經過 get down 從 …… 下來;寫下 get in 進入;收獲,收集 get off 從 …… 下來;離開,動身,開始 get over 克服; ( 從病中 ) 恢復過來 get through 結束,完成;接通電話 have got to (do) 不得不,必須 第二十九組 get together 集合,聚集 get up 起床;增加,增強 give away 泄露;分送 give back 送還,恢復 give in 交上;投降,屈服 give off 放出,釋放 give out 分發,放出 give up 停止,放棄 go ahead 開始,前進;領先 go by 過去 go down 下降,降低;被載入,傳下去 go off 爆炸,發射;動身,離開 go out 外出;熄滅 go over 檢查,審查;復習,重溫 go round/around 足夠分配 go under 下沉,沉沒;失敗;破產 go through 通過,審查,完成 第三十組 go up 上升,增加;建起 hand down 流傳下來,傳給,往下傳 hand in 交上,遞交 hand on 傳下來,依次傳遞 hand out 分發,散發,發給 hand over 交出,移交,讓與 hang about 閑盪,徘徊,逗留 hang back 猶豫,躊躇,畏縮 hang on 抓緊不放;繼續下去 hang up 掛斷 ( 電話 ) have back 要回,收回 have on 穿著,戴著 hold back 躊躇,退縮;阻止,抑制 hold on 繼續,握住不放 hold out 維持,支持;堅持,不屈服 hold up 舉起,阻擋,使停止;搶劫 第三十一組 hurry up( 使 ) 趕快,迅速完成 keep back 阻止,阻擋;隱瞞,保留 keep down 控制,壓制,鎮壓;壓低 keep off 不接近,避開 keep up 保持,維持;繼續,堅持 let down 放下,降低;使失望 let in 讓 …… 進入,放 …… 進來 let off 放 ( 煙,煙火 ) ,開 ( 槍 ) let out 放掉,放出,發出 line up 排隊,使排成一行 look back 回顧,回頭看 look out 留神,注意,提防,警惕 look on 旁觀,觀看;看待,視作 look up 查閱,查考;尋找 ( 某人 ) look in 順便看望 make out 辨認,區分;理解,了解 make out of 用 …… 做,從 …… 得出 第三十二組 make up 構成,拼湊;彌補,賠償;化裝 mix up 混淆,混合,搞糊塗 pass away 去世,逝世 pass off 中止,停止 pass to 轉到,討論,傳到 pass out 失去知覺,昏倒 pay back 償還,回報 pay off 還清 ( 債 ) pay down 即時交付,用現金支付 pay up 全部付清 第三十三組 pick out 選出,挑出,揀出;辨認,辨別出 pick up 拾起, ( 偶然 ) 得到; ( 車船 ) 中途搭 ( 人 ) ,學會 pull down 拆毀,拉倒;拉下,降低 pull in( 車 ) 停下,進站,船 ( 到岸 ) pull off 脫 ( 帽、衣 ) pull on 穿,戴 pull out 拔出,抽出; ( 車、船 ) 駛出 pull together 齊心協力 pull up( 使 ) 停下 put across 解釋清楚,說明 put aside 儲存,保留 put away 放好,收好;儲存 put down 記下,放下;鎮壓,平定 put forward 提出 put in 駛進 put on 穿上,戴上;上演;增加 ( 體重 ) put out 熄滅,關 ( 燈 ) ;出版,發布;生產 put right 改正 ( 錯誤 ) ,整理 第三十四組 put up 提起,舉起,提 ( 價 ) ;為 …… 提供食宿,投宿 ring off 掛斷電話 rub out 擦掉,拭去 run down 撞倒,撞沉;追捕,追查 run off 復印,列印 run over 略讀,略述;輾過,瀏覽,匆匆復習 see off 給 …… 送行 see through 看穿,識破;幹完,干到底 set back 推遲,延緩,阻礙 set down 卸下,放下,記下,記入 set forth 闡明,陳述 set off 出發,動身;引起,使發生 set out 陳列,顯示;動身,起程;制定 set up 創立,建立,樹立;資助,扶持 show in 領入 show off 炫耀,賣弄 第三十五組 show up 使呈現,使醒目 shut out 排除 sit in 列席,旁聽 sit up 遲睡,熬夜 speed up 使加速 stand out 突出,顯眼 stand up 站起來,耐用 step up 提高,加快,加緊 step in 插入,介入 stick out 伸出,突出;堅持到底,繼續 take away 消除;消耗 take down 記下,寫下 take off 拿走,脫下;起飛 take on 呈現;接納,承擔,從事 take over 接管,接辦 take up 占據;開始;拿起,接收 take up with 和 …… 交往,忍受,採用
4. 《中考英語考點詞彙練習卷》的答案,求幫助
去我是學生網
5. 初中英語所有重點
一. 「主謂一致」這個常見的語法名稱,是用來強調句子的主語與謂語在人稱、數兩方面的一致,協調搭配。例如:He studies very hard . 一句中的主語是He,是第三人稱單數形式,這就決定了謂語動詞是study的第三人稱單數形式,即studies,這是主謂一致中最普遍、最常見的一種,稱為「語法一致」,類似的句子還有如:The number of teachers is growing .(主語是number,謂語系動詞用is)等。
主謂一致的另一種情況是意義上的一致,也就是由主語的實際意義而不是形式來決定謂語動詞的形式,包括兩種情況:
1. 主語為集合名詞,要根據實際意義確定謂語動詞。例如:
類似的詞語還有:class,team,company,crowd,public等等。
(請同學們根據所學知識完成以下翻譯練習)
(1)這支足球隊由20人組成。
(2)全體隊員都熱情高漲。
值得注意的是,有些集合名詞是只用其復數意義的,如people和police,其意義分別為「人民」和「警方」,如果單指「人」和「警察」,則用person(s)和policeman / policemen(或police woman / police weman)
如:The police have surrounded the building .(警方包圍了房子)
2. 主語形式上為復數,但實際意義為單數,則謂語動詞用單數形式,常見的詞有news,physics,politics和mathematics(maths)等。
如:The news was very exciting .
主謂一致的第三種情況是就近一致,也就是謂語動詞的人稱與單復數形式是由離它最近的那個主語決定的,這種情況多在There be句型,和由連詞or,either… or …,neither … nor …以及not only … but also …連接的句子中出現。
例如:
A book or some magazines are needed .
二. 幾個需要注意的問題:
1. 當表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等的復數名詞或名詞短語做主語時,根據意義一致原則,將該名詞看作一個整體,其謂語動詞用單數形式。如:
Three years has passed and the little boy became a young man .
Two dollars is two much for me .
The Tales of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens .
2. 在由all / half / none / most / the rest / a lot / 分數(百分數)+ of + n.這種形式的短語做主語的句子中,其謂語動詞要由片語中的名詞來決定。如:
Half of the apple is rotten . Half of the students are new .
3. 兩個或兩個以上的並列主語是指同一個人或同一事物、同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:
Sprite and ice is my favourite drink .
The reporter and driver was hurt in the accident .
4. 由定冠詞the + 形容詞(或分詞)來構成的短語做主語時,要根據該短語的實際意義來確定謂語的形式,一般情況下該類短語都表示某一類人,如:the rich富人,the old老人,the sick病人,等等。但有時也用來表示某一個人,總體來說,前者的用法較多,如:
The sick was Tom』s father . The wounded were well treated .
5. 在主語後跟有as well as,(together / along)with,except,but,besides,rather than,like等詞 / 短語所引導的短語,使完成謂語動詞所表示的動作的邏輯主語不止一個人或一種事物,這時謂語動詞的形式仍要按照句子主語的形式變化,而不考慮這些短語的內容。如:
He , as well as his two sisters , likes art better than science .
The teacher , rather than the students , is responsible for the accident .
6. 主語是由more than one或many a來修飾的名詞短語時,其謂語動詞往往採用單數形式。如:
More than one student has already seen the film .
Many a ship has been destroyed in the battle .
7. 由不定代詞each和every來修飾的名詞,即使用and連接形成多個主語的情況下,謂語動詞也使用單數形式。如:
Every boy and every girl wants to serve the people in future .
一. 現在完成時的時間狀語
現在完成時的時間狀語(包括副詞、短語、從句等)主要有三種類型,分別用於不同意義的句子之中。
1. 表達「現在剛剛完成」的動作:
副詞:just, already, yet, recently(lately, etc)
短語:so far, these +(最近)一段時間,etc
2. 表達某種經歷或經驗
副詞:ever, never, once, twice, before, etc
常用句:How many times…?
3. 表達「過去繼續到現在的動作或狀態」,常與for和since連用,如:
for two weeks, for a long time
since + 過去時間點 / n. / 一段時間 + ago / 一般過去時的從句
在以上的時間狀語中需要認真區別的就是「since + 一段時間 + ago」這個結構,它與「一段時間 + ago」含義不同,前者為時間段,後者為時間點。
二. 一般過去時與現在完成時的比較
1. 在表達「過去的經歷、經驗」的概念時,如果時間不確定,用現在完成時,如果時間確定,則用一般過去時。
eg.
I』ve met him before.
I met him two days ago.
2. 在when或what time引導的特殊疑問句中,不能用現在完成時。
eg.
When have you visited New York?
When did you visit New York?
3. 過去發生的連串動作,如用and, but, or, so等對等連詞連接,要用一般過去時。
三. 延續性動詞與瞬間動詞
非延續性動詞,即瞬間動詞,所謂延續性動詞,又稱為持續性動詞,即可以表示持久動作或狀態的動詞,如drink, eat, read, play, fly, talk等詞,這些動詞有以下特點:
(1)可以和表示時間段的狀語連用
The students have played for an hour.
Mr. Green has read for about four hours.
He will stay there for two weeks.
(2)可以用於進行時態
I am writing an important letter.
It was raining hard when we got off the rain.
瞬間動詞,也叫終止性動詞,暫時性動詞或「點動詞」,如open / close, leave, come, go, put, arrive, finish, borrow, lend, marry等動作在極短的瞬間時間內完成的,也就是說該動作一發生即直接轉入結束,結果狀態,這類詞有以下特點:
(1)不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用,試看以下例句:
① 我感冒一個星期了。
② 五天來我一直穿著那些藍上衣。
(2)瞬間動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態,也就可以和「時間段」的狀語連用。
如:I』ve not heard from him for a month.
I didn』t go to bed until 12 o』clock.
(3)瞬間動詞用於進行時態時,一般指重復動作,而不是指一次動作,如:
He was jumping to keep warm.
He was knocking at the door.
延續性動詞與瞬間動詞可以在不同的句子結構或不同時態的句子之間進行相互轉換,表達相同的意思,如:
電影已經放映十分鍾了。
這兩種動詞的相互轉換有三種形式:
1. 將瞬間的詞轉換成為延續性動詞,並與表示時間段的狀語連用。
(1)
(2)
常用的這類轉換有lend / borrow → keep,buy → have,join → be in,marry → be married,open / close → be open / closed,die → be dead等,試完成這個句子轉換:
John borrowed the book three days ago.
John the book three days.
2. 用「It is + 時間段 + since」句型進行轉換,如:
He has studied in our school for four years.
It is four years since he came to study in our school.
在這類轉換中,since所引導的從句為一般過去時,且謂語動詞多為瞬間動詞,試完成這個句子的轉換:
Her mother died two years ago.
It is since .
3. 用「時間段 + has passed + since」句型進行轉換,如:
I have been in the army for two years.
Two years has passed since I joined the army.
由此可見,剛才的句子「電影放映十分鍾了」,還可以用上述的2、3句型來表達,即:
It is ten minutes since the film began.
和Ten minutes has passed since the film began.
1. 簡單句和復合句
(1)只有一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)的句子叫簡單句。根據句子的結構,簡單句可分為5種:
① 主語+不及物動詞(S + V)
② 主語+系動詞+表語(S + V + P)
③ 主語+及物動詞+賓語(S + V + O)
④ 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S + V + IO + DO)
⑤ 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S + V + O + P)
另外,還有一種特殊的There be句型
根據句子的功能,簡單句又可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。
(2)復合句是由一個主句加一個或幾個從句所構成的句子,從句只用作句子的一個成分,不能獨立,根據從句在句中的作用,可分為名詞性從句,定語從句和狀語從句三類,賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。
2. 名詞性從句
名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句。
(1)主語從句在句中作主語一般情況下由於從句較長,如果放在主句謂語動詞之前,會失去句子平衡,所以會使用it作形式主語,而將從句放在主句之後。
eg. It is strange that you like this scary film . What we need is more time .
(2)表語從句在句中作表語,位於主句的系動詞之後。
eg. The question is who can complete the difficult task .
He looked as if he was going to cry .
(3)同位語從句跟在名詞後面,進一步說明該名詞的具體內容。
eg. She asked the reason why there was a delay .
The news that our team has won the match is true .
3. 賓語從句
(1)賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,常用的引導賓語從句的連詞有that , whether 和if ; 代詞有who , whose , what , which以及副詞when , where , how , why等。
eg. I want to know if he will come . Do you know who they are waiting for ?
We can learn what we did not know .
如果主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞make , find , see , hear及think等詞的時候,一般將賓
語從句置於賓語補足語之後,用it作為形式賓語。
eg. We find it rseful that we practise spoken English every day .
這類句子一般也可以轉換成為:We find it useful to practise spoken English every day . 另外,一些表語形容詞(如sure , happy , glad , afraid等)之後也可以帶一個從句,這類從句同樣屬於賓語從句。
eg. We are sure that our class will win . I am afraid that the weather may be worse .
(2)關聯詞 if和whether在多數情況下是可以互換的,但在以下n種情況中只能用whether , 不能用if表示「是否」。
① 用在介詞之後
It all depends on whether they will support us .
② 後面跟動詞不定式時
He doesn』t know whether to stay or to leave .
③ 後面緊跟or not時
We didn』t know whether she was ready or not .
④ 用if有時會引起歧義
如:Please tell me if you like it .
(3)直接引語和間接引語
引述別人的語言為直接引語,與主句用逗號隔開並放在引號內;用自己的話轉述別人的話叫間接引語,用連接詞與主句聯連,無標點限制,這兩種引語都是賓語從句,可以進行相互轉換。
① 陳述句變為以that引導的賓語從句
He said , 「 I』m very glad . 」 He said that he was very glad .
② 一般疑問句變為if / whether引導的賓語從句
He said , 「 Can you come this afternoon , John ? 」 He asked John if he could come that afternoon .
③ 特殊疑問句變為由who , what , when等詞引導的賓語從句。
He said , 「 Where is Mr Wang ? 」 He asked whose Mr Wang was .
要注意上述例句中時態、人稱代詞、時間狀語的變化,當主句中的動詞為一般過去時態時,間接引語動詞定代也要相互調整:
原時態 一般現在時 現在進行時 一般將來時 現在完成時、一般過去時
變後時態 一般過去時 過去進行時 過去將來時 過去完成時
一. 構成:to + 動詞原形
二. 特徵:
1. 不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特徵,同時也保留動詞的特徵,它有自己的賓語和狀語,來構成不定式短語。
eg .
I want to go there by bike .
2. 動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態的變化。
(1)動詞不定式的一般式:「to + 動詞原形」
eg .
I am glad to meet you again . I want to go to the concert .
(2)動詞不定式的完成式:「to have + 動詞的過去分詞」。
eg .
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time .
三. 用法:
1. 作主語(如果不定式短語過長,可以把此短語放在句尾,主語的位置可以用it來替換,叫做形式主語)
eg .
在it作形式主語的句子中,某些形容詞之後,不定式之前常帶有for sb,這類形容詞有:easy,difficult,hard,interesting,necessary等。而在某些形容詞之後,不定式之前常帶有of sb,這類形容詞有:nice,good,kind,clever,foolish,careful,polite等。
eg .
It is hard for me to clean up the whole room in an hour .
It is necessary for us to go over the lessons every day .
It is kind of you to say so .
It is polite of her to say hello to us .
2. 作賓語
eg .
She wants to invite us to her birthday party .
No one would like to talks with him .
He tried to save money every month .
▲在某些復合賓語中可用it代表不定式,叫做形式賓語,將真正的賓語放在句尾。
eg .
He found it difficult to listen to the teacher carefully .
We thought it necessary to ask for her advice .
▲在某些動詞的後面,既可以用不定式作賓語,又可以用動名詞作賓語,但在意義上有所不同。
eg .
(1)stop doing表示「停止做(正在做的事情)」
stop to do表示「停下來,去做……」
比較:Let』s stop listening to the music , shall we ? 讓我們停止聽音樂,好嗎?
Let』s stop to listen to the music , shall we ? 讓我們停下來,聽聽音樂好嗎?
(2)remember / forget doing 記得 / 忘記(已做過的)事情
remember / forget to do 記得 / 忘記(要去做的)事情
比較:I remember taking him to the farthest island . 我記得帶他去過那個最遠的島。
Please remember to keep in touch with me . 請記住與我保持聯系。
I forgot lending him my dictionary . 我忘記了我借過他我的字典。
Don』t forget to call me on time . 請不要忘記准時給我打電話。
3. 作賓語補足語
eg .
He asked me to treat his cat carefully .
Our teachers told us not to play football on the street .
Would you like me to go fishing with you ?
▲在make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等動詞後的復合賓語,不定式都不帶to。
eg .
Did you notice him go downstairs ?
I saw a bird fly over the tree just now .
The boss makes the workers work for twelve hours every day .
4. 作定語
eg .
I have a letter to write today .
We have got a lot of books to read .
We must find a person to do the work .
▲若不定式與之所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的動賓關系,而不定式是不及物動詞,那麼它後面應加上必要的介詞。
eg .
We have enough rooms to live in .
Zhang nan is a girl to get along well with .
5. 作狀語(不定式作狀語,可以修飾動詞表示目的,結果或原因)
eg .
He works hard to earn more money .
He is too angry to say a word .
We are surprised to find him here .
6. 作表語(主要說明主語的內容)
eg .
His nobby is to read books .
Our ty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy .
7. 不定式與疑問詞連用
eg .
I can』t decide which one to choose .
Tell me when to set off .
No one told me where to have the meeting .
各種不同時態的主動語態與被動語態的對比
時態 主動語態 被動語態
一般現在時
am / is / are + P.P. (1)Do they speak French ?
(2)They don』t use the room . Is French spoken by them ?
The room isn』t used by them .
一般過去時
was / were + p.p. (1)The hunter killed a tiger .
(2)He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter .
Many stories was written by him last year .
現在進行時
am / is / are +being +p.p. (1)These workers are building a new bridge .
(2)He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers .
His car is being mended by him .
過去進行時
was / were + being + p.p. (1)He was selling books .
(2)They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him .
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
現在完成時
have / has + been + p. p. (1)She has learned many English words .
(2)He has finished the work . Many English words have been learned by her .
The work has been finished by him .
過去完成時
had + been + p.p. (1)They has solved the problem .
(2)We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them .
The news had been told to him by us .
一般將來時
shall / will be + p.p. (1)I shall make a plan .
(2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by me .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour .
過去將來時
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p. (1)He told me they would paint the room .
(2)They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them .
A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情態動詞
can / may / must / should
+ be + p.p. (1)We should hand in our homework .
(2)You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us .
The question must be
answered in English by you .
6. 求中考英語閱讀常見生詞
因為每次閱讀的文章不一樣,所以並不是靠讀了中考常見生詞就有用的,有些時候即使見到生詞,可以先讀後面的,理解這個單詞也就會變得簡單的很多,通常都是可以猜的。。
7. 初中英語考點get+名詞,還有什麼大地點小地點
get to+地點,arrive in +大地點,arrive at+小地點,reach+地點都表示到達某地,如果後面是地點副詞,則去掉介詞,如get(arrive) home/here/there
8. 初中英語常見兼類詞、和多義詞、常見點 中考易考的……
天哪,這么多,那你去網路文庫搜一下看又沒有你需要的。
我覺得中考不會考這么深吧
應該是按課本來的
你看你是哪個版本的英語書
我是湘教版的
所以應該不一樣
我列點考點給你吧
1 冠詞,單項里必考一題
反正區分a 和 the的區別,,一個泛指,一個特指
2 代詞
我覺得就是other,others,another這三項考得比較多。在完形里出現的較多。
還有就是注意one的用法,one主要是和it區別,one是指同類不同物,it是指同類同物。
3 復合句
定語從句和賓語從句
定語從句主要掌握關系代詞和關系副詞的使用
賓語從句主要掌握用疑問詞引導的從句部分要用陳述句句型
4 反意疑問句
前肯後否,前否後肯
但不包括否定前綴
還有就是它的特殊情況,像must的用法,還有一些意志動詞在句型中的用法,這是難點,如果有學,看下下筆記吧
最後是反意疑問句的回答,不管怎樣,認准一點,回答yes或no都由客觀事實來決定,事實是肯定的就用yes,事實是否定的就用no
5 一些詞語的習慣搭配
這你需要看課本後面的詞彙表
然後自己要多記多比較
有一些帶to的動詞後面不是接V原,而是接V-ing,必須注意
像pay attention to / look forward to ......
應該就這些考點了
還有就是注意閱讀和完形
別在這個上面丟分了
多練一下吧
閱讀沒有什麼捷徑
都是練出來的
祝你成功