有关霍金英语阅读理解
『壹』 谁有霍金的英文介绍
Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes, and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. These include the runaway popular science bestseller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
斯蒂芬・威廉Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA, (被负担1942 1月8 日) 是英国的理论物理学家。Hawking 是数学Lucasian 教授在剑桥大学, 和Gonville 和Caius 学院, 剑桥的家伙。他为人所知为他的对宇宙论和量子重力的领域的贡献, 特别是就黑洞状况, 和他谈论他自己的理论和宇宙论总之的他普遍的工作。这些包括逃亡大众科学畅销书时间的简要的历史, 停留在英国的星期天时间畅销书名单为record-breaking 237 个星期。
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原文如下：
Hawking grew up outside London in an intellectual family. His father was a physician and specialist in tropical diseases; his mother was active in the Liberal Party. He was an awkward schoolboy, but knew from early on that he wanted to study science.
He became increasingly skilled in mathematics and in 1958 he and some friends built a primitive computer that actually worked. In 1959 he won a scholarship to Oxford University, where his intellectual capabilities became more noticeable.
In 1962 he got his degree with honors and went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. There he became intrigued with black holes (first proposed by J. Robert Oppenheimer) and "space-time singularities," or events in which the laws of physics seem to break down. After receiving his PhD, he stayed at Cambridge, becoming known even in his 20s for his pioneering ideas and use of Einstein's formulas, as well as his questioning of older, established physicists.
In 1968 he joined the staff of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge and began to apply the laws of thermodynamics to black holes by means of very complicated mathematics. He published the very technical book, Large Scale Structure of Space-Time but soon afterwards made a startling discovery.
It had always been thought that nothing could escape a black hole; Hawking suggested that under certain conditions, a black hole could emit subatomic particles. That is now know as Hawking Radiation. He continued working on the theory of the origin of the universe, and in doing so found ways to link relativity (gravity) with quantum mechanics (the inner workings of atoms). This contributed enormously to what physicists call Grand Unified Theory, a way of explaining, in one equation, all physical matter in the universe.
At the remarkably young age of 32, he was named a fellow of the Royal Society. He received the Albert Einstein Award, the most prestigious in theoretical physics. And in 1979, he was appointed Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, the same post held by Sir Isaac Newton 300 years earlier.
There he began to question the big bang theory, which by then most had accepted. Perhaps, he suggested, there was never a start and would be no end, but just change -- a constant transition of one "universe" giving way to another through glitches in space-time. All the while, he was digging into exploding black holes, string theory, and the birth of black holes in our own galaxy.
In 1988 Hawking wrote A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes , explaining the evolution of his thinking about the cosmos for a general audience. It became a best-seller of long standing and established his reputation as an accessible genius. He wrote other popular articles and appeared in movies and television. He remains extremely busy, his work hardly slowed by Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a disease that affects muscle control) for which he uses a wheelchair and speaks through a computer and voice synthesizer.
译文：
霍金成长在一个知识分子家庭之外的伦敦。他的父亲是一名医生和热带疾病专家，他的母亲在自由党活跃。他是个笨手笨脚的小学生，但从很早就知道他想学科学。他变得越来越熟练的数学，1958他和一些朋友建立了一个原始的电脑，实际工作。1959，他获得了牛津大学的奖学金，在那里他的智力能力变得更加引人注目。1962，他以优异的成绩获得学位，并去剑桥大学攻读宇宙学博士学位。在那里，他开始对黑洞（最初由J.罗伯特·奥本海默提出）和“时空奇点”或物理定律似乎崩溃的事件感兴趣。在获得博士学位后，他留在剑桥，甚至在他20多岁时就因为开创性的思想和利用爱因斯坦的公式，以及对年长的、公认的物理学家的质疑而闻名。
1968年，他加入了剑桥天文研究所的工作人员，开始用非常复杂的数学方法把热力学定律应用于黑洞。他出版了非常专业的书《时空的大规模结构》，但很快就有了惊人的发现。人们一直认为没有什么能逃脱黑洞；霍金提出，在某些条件下，黑洞可以发射亚原子粒子。这就是现在已知的霍金辐射。他继续研究宇宙起源的理论，并找到了将相对论（重力）与量子力学（原子的内部运作）联系起来的方法。这极大地促进了物理学家所谓的大统一理论，一种在一个方程中解释宇宙中所有物理物质的方法。
在32岁那年，他被任命为皇家学会会员。他获得了艾伯特-爱因斯坦奖，这是理论物理学中最有声望的奖项。1979年，他被任命为剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授，300年前，艾萨克·牛顿爵士担任过这个职位。在那里他开始质疑宇宙大爆炸理论，那时大多数人已经接受了。他暗示，也许，从来没有开始，也没有结束，而只是改变——一个宇宙通过时空上的小故障不断向另一个宇宙过渡。一直以来，他都在挖掘黑洞，弦论，以及我们银河系中黑洞的诞生。
1988年，霍金写了《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》，为广大读者解释了他对宇宙思想的演变。它成了畅销书，源远流长，确立了他作为一个天才的名声。他写了其他受欢迎的文章，出现在电影和电视上。他仍然非常忙，他的工作几乎没有减慢Lou Gehrig的疾病（肌萎缩侧索硬化症，一种影响肌肉控制的疾病），他使用轮椅，通过电脑和语音合成器讲话。
(2)有关霍金英语阅读理解扩展阅读:
斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金（Stephen William Hawking，1942年1月8日至2018年3月14日），男，出生于英国牛津，英国剑桥大学著名物理学家，现代最伟大的物理学家之一、20世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一。
1963年，霍金21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症（卢伽雷氏症），全身瘫痪，不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。1979至2009年任卢卡斯数学教授，主要研究领域是宇宙论和黑洞，证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，在统一20世纪物理学的两大基础理论——爱因斯坦创立的相对论和普朗克创立的量子力学方面走出了重要一步。获得CH（英国荣誉勋爵）、CBE（大英帝国司令勋章）、FRS（英国皇家学会会员）、FRSA（英国皇家艺术协会会员）等荣誉。
2012年4月6日播出的热播美剧《生活大爆炸》第五季第21集中，史蒂芬·霍金本色出演参与了客串。2017年为英国BBC录制纪录片《探索新地球》。物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金11月6日表示，技术有望逆转工业化对地球造成的一些危害，有助于消除疾病和贫困，但人工智能需要加以控制。2017年11月，霍金预言2600年能源消耗增加，地球或将变成“火球”。
2018年3月14日，霍金逝世，享年76岁。霍金逝世后，引发全球各界悼念。
『叁』 关于霍金的英语作文
1.
Stephen
Hawking
was
born
on
8
January
1948
in
United
Kingdom.
2.
He
has
shown
great
interest
in
science
since
he
was
a
kid.
3.
Not
only
did
he
propose
his
own
theories
in
the
field
of
science,
but
his
books
discussing
those
theories
are
also
great
successes.
5.
At
the
age
of
21
he
had
to
live
on
a
wheelchair,
yet
his
outstanding
ideas
made
a
breakthrough
in
the
fields
of
general
relativity
and
quantum
gravity.
最后一句加了一些小资料，看上去会更完整吧。希望可以帮内到你!!
^^容
『肆』 英语阅读理解开头是霍金,后面谈人类向太空发展
那些日子,布鲁斯和布鲁诺看上去像很担心的样子.
『伍』 关于霍金的故事，英文的！
The aroma of Si Di ·the Huo gold(Stephen William Hawking) be one of the great man that this century possess an international great reputation, is called the greatest scientist in a life time.65 years old, just right was born to pass away at the galileo 300 anniversary day of, the applied mathematics of the Cambridge university and theories physics department professor, contemporary most importance of general theory of Relativity and cosmology house.70's he and Peng the Si was a certificate the strange sex axioms of Zhao, for this they together acquired 1988 of fertile Er man physics prize.He therefore drive the fame is after Einstein in the world most the science thinker of Zhao and the most outstanding theories physicist.
He still certificate the area axioms of black hole.Huo gold of usually is very full of legend, at science achievement up, he is to have a history one of the most outstanding scientists.The job that he hold the post of is a Cambridge university to have a history the most lofty professor's job, that is Newton and Di to pull a gram of the Lu card for once holding the post of a lousy mathematics professor.He own a few honorary degree, is a Royal academic association member.
He because of suffer from the Lu Qie thunder surname disease(the muscle atrophy sex side Suo cirrhosis), the rance reach to on a wheel chair for long 40 years, he but body remnants ambition not remnants, make it change into advantage, overcome physically disabled of suffer from but become international physics the super Nova of the boundary.He can't write, even enunciation not clear, but he surmounted theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, big explosion etc. theories but exceed into creation cosmos of"several it dance".Though he so and helplessly sit on the wheel chair, his thought outstandingly roam about at pleasure the timespace of wide Mao, untied the riddle of cosmos.
The magic power of Huo gold not only lie in him is a the physics genius which be full of a legend color, also because of he is a make the person admit defeat of life strong.He continuously begged science spirit and brave stubborn personality strength of Suo profoundly attraction each person who know him.
The aroma of Si Di?William Mu?Huo gold in 1942 January was born in for 8 days(the galileo pass away for 300 years, date of the death) England oxford.His parents are original to live in the north of London, but ring World War II, oxford is think is 1 living to teach a kid more safety of place.He at the age of 8, does his house move saint?Love Er origin Si, a small town of 20 miles in northern side in London.At the age of 11, does Stephen arrive saint?Love Er origin the Si school go to school, then top oxford of"university college"(University College)-his father top lead of college.Although his father want letting him learn cure, but he want to learn mathematics.But the university college didn't open mathematics profession, so his choice learn physics.Learned in the university college for three years, have no flower many big time, he be given to the honorary degree of the natural science first grade. Then Stephen go to Kang bridge to do a cosmos to learn a research, that time at oxford didn't°yet a person be engaged in a cosmos to learn to grind to investigate.Is his tutor Dennis?West horse, although he origin hope Fu be the thunder virtuous?The Huo is his tutor according to Er of, be the fee thunder virtuous?Huo according to Er at that time just at Kang bridge work.After acquiring a Ph.D. degree, he just Wei Er?Fill Si college to do first to help to grind, afterwards and then do an occupation research a work.1973 Si Di the aroma leave astronomy college to arrive at applied mathematics and reason theory physics fasten.From 1979, the aroma of Si Di does "road gram Si" mathematics a professor.This post is 1663 basis Lai Fo kindheartedness?Henry?Road gram the last will and testament of the Si is leave with road gram Si of does money make?The fund establish.Road gram Si ever is should England of the university councilman.An acquire "road gram Si" mathematics a professor a post of is depend on firm gram?Ba Luo4, then is to depend on a firm gram?Newton. The aroma of Si Di?The Huo gold has been be engaged in a cosmos of the research of the basic laws work.With hero?Peng Si together, he detection Einstein's general theory of Relativity allusion space and time from big explosion a little bit strange place beginning but go to black hole knot bunch.These result manifestation general theory of Relativity and quantum theories knot put together is necessity of, this is the half-a-century 20 centuries ago of another science development.His detection of so an a result for combine be a black hole and shouldn't be complete black, black hole outwardly radiation, end evaporate, disappear.Another's calculating be a cosmos and don't have an edge in the imagination of time and it be infinite.This way that will mean a cosmos formation is complete from science laws decision. The work that he announce include:Match with G.F.R. moxa benefit Si of 《the large-scale structure of the timespace 》, and W.Match by color row of 《general theory of Relativity:Einstein century look beyond 》with and W.Israel match of 《gravity 300 year 》.Stephen?The Huo gold has two bestseller:He most bestseller-《time brief history 》, with afterwards of 《black hole, infant's cosmos and other 》. The Huo gold professor has 12 honorary degree.1982 he be given to CBE and 1989 get colleague's title of honor. He once acquired much reward, cash award, medal.He is England Royal academic association member and the United States nation science academic association member. The aroma of Si Di?The Huo gold continue his home life(he have three statures female and a grandchild), his ories physics research with extensive of trip and lecture knot put together.
回答者：
.我是6年级的小学生,有些还看不懂,但还是看的懂
『陆』 霍金英文介绍
楼主是要霍金的英文介绍？
Stephen William Hawking was born to Dr. Frank Hawking, a research biologist, and Isobel Hawking, a political activist. He had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary and an adopted brother, Edward. Though Hawking’s parents were living in North London, they moved to Oxford while Isobel was pregnant with Stephen, desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child (London was under attack at the time by the Luftwaffe). According to one of Hawking's publications, a German Wehrmacht V-2 missile struck only a few streets away.
After Hawking was born, the family moved back to London, where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.
In 1950, Hawking and his family moved to St Albans in Hertfordshire where he attended St Albans High School for Girls from 1950 to 1953. (At that time, boys could attend the Girls school until the age of 10.[10]) From the age of 11, he attended St Albans School, where he was a good, but not an exceptional, student.[7] When asked later to name a teacher who had inspired him, Hawking named his Mathematics teacher, "Mr Tahta". He maintains his connection with the school, giving his name to one of the four houses and to an extracurricular science lecture series. He has visited to deliver one of the lectures and has also granted a lengthy interview to pupils working on the school magazine, The Albanian.
Hawking was always interested in science. He enrolled at University College, Oxford with the intent of studying mathematics although his father preferred he go into medicine. It was here that he met his life-long friend Joshua Adamson. Since mathematics was not offered at University College, Hawking instead chose physics. His interests ring this time were in thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. His physics tutor, Robert Berman, later said in the New York Times Magazine:
It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done, and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it. ... He didn’t have very many books, and he didn’t take notes. Of course, his mind was completely different from all of his contemporaries.
Hawking was passing with his fellow students, but his unimpressive study habits gave him a final examination score on the borderline between first and second class honours, making an "oral examination" necessary. Berman said of the oral examination:
And of course the examiners then were intelligent enough to realize they were talking to someone far more clever than most of themselves.
After receiving his B.A. degree at Oxford University in 1962, he stayed to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found that studying sunspots, which was all the observatory was equipped for, did not appeal to him and that he was more interested in theory than in observation. He left Oxford for Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he engaged in the study of theoretical astronomy and cosmology.
Almost as soon as he arrived at Cambridge, he started developing symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (known colloquially in the USA as Lou Gehrig’s disease), a type of motor neuron disease which would cost him almost all neuromuscular control. During his first two years at Cambridge, he did not distinguish himself, but, after the disease had stabilized and with the help of his doctoral tutor, Dennis William Sciama, he returned to working on his Ph.D. He revealed that he did not see much point in obtaining a doctorate if he were to die soon. Hawking later said that the real turning point was his 1965 marriage to Jane Wilde, a language student. After gaining his Ph.D., Stephen became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.
Hawking was elected as one of the youngest Fellows of the Royal Society in 1974, was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982, and became a Companion of Honour in 1989. Hawking is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
Jane Hawking (née Wilde), Hawking’s first wife, cared for him until 1991 when the couple separated, reportedly e to the pressures of fame and his increasing disability. They had three children: Robert (b. 1967), Lucy (b. 1969), and Timothy (b. 1979). Hawking married his nurse, Elaine Mason (who was also the previous wife of David Mason, designer of the first version of Hawking’s talking computer), in 1995. In October 2006, Hawking filed for divorce from his second wife.
In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, detailing her own long-term relationship with a family friend whom she later married. Hawking’s daughter, Lucy, is a novelist. Their oldest son, Robert, emigrated to the United States, married, and has one child, George Edward Hawking. Reportedly, Hawking and his first family were reconciled in 2007.
At the celebration of his 65th birthday on 8 January 2007, Hawking announced his plans for a zero-gravity flight in 2007 to prepare for a sub-orbital spaceflight in 2009 on Virgin Galactic’s space service. Billionaire Richard Branson pledged to pay all expenses for the latter, costing an estimated £100,000. Stephen Hawking’s zero-gravity flight in a "Vomit Comet" of Zero Gravity Corporation, ring which he experienced weightlessness eight times, took place on 26 April 2007.
He became the first quadriplegic to float free in a weightless state. This was the first time in 40 years that he moved freely, without his wheelchair. The fee is normally US$3,750 for 10-15 plunges, but Hawking was not required to pay the fee. A bit of a futurist, Hawking was quoted before the flight saying:
Many people have asked me why I am taking this flight. I am doing it for many reasons. First of all, I believe that life on Earth is at an ever increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster such as sudden nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus, or other dangers. I think the human race has no future if it doesn’t go into space. I therefore want to encourage public interest in space.
Hawking’s principal fields of research are theoretical cosmology and quantum gravity.
In the late 1960s, he and his Cambridge friend and colleague, Roger Penrose, applied a new, complex mathematical model they had created from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.[18] This led, in 1970, to Hawking proving the first of many singularity theorems; such theorems provide a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of a singularity in space-time. This work showed that, far from being mathematical curiosities which appear only in special cases, singularities are a fairly generic feature of general relativity.
He supplied a mathematical proof, along with Brandon Carter, Werner Israel and D. Robinson, of John Wheeler’s “No-Hair Theorem” – namely, that any black hole is fully described by the three properties of mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.
Hawking also suggested that, upon analysis of gamma ray emissions, after the Big Bang, primordial or mini black holes were formed. With Bardeen and Carter, he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics, drawing an analogy with thermodynamics. In 1974, he calculated that black holes should thermally create and emit subatomic particles, known today as Hawking radiation, until they exhaust their energy and evaporate.
In collaboration with Jim Hartle, Hawking developed a model in which the Universe had no boundary in space-time, replacing the initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models with a region akin to the North pole: One cannot travel North of the North pole, as there is no boundary there. While originally the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed Universe, discussions with Neil Turok led to the realisation that the no-boundary proposal is also consistent with a Universe which is not closed.
Among Hawking’s many other scientific investigations, included are the study of: quantum cosmology, cosmic inflation, helium proction in anisotropic Big Bang universes, large N cosmology, the density matrix of the universe, topology and structure of the universe, baby universes, Yang-Mills instantons and the S matrix, anti de Sitter space, quantum entanglement and entropy, the nature of space and time, including the arrow of time, spacetime foam, string theory, supergravity, Euclidean quantum gravity, the gravitational Hamiltonian, Brans-Dicke and Hoyle-Narlikar theories of gravitation, gravitational radiation, and wormholes.
At a George Washington University lecture in honour of NASA's 50th anniversary, Prof. Hawking theorised on the existence of extraterrestrial life: "Primitive life is very common and intelligent life is fairly rare."
『柒』 关于霍金英语作文
Professor Stephen Hawking, is the world's most famous physicist, black hole theory and the "Big Bang" theory of creation, and the famous "A Brief History of Time" author. Mathematics Center, the incumbent President of the University of Cambridge, this post was the post before Newton. Stephen Hawking (1942 -) is a British physicist Stephen Hawking, his life-long study of black hole energy is no longer applicable to the general physics of space-time theorem of the field) and the principle of the Big Bang origin of the universe. He made a black hole emitting radiation (now called Hawking radiation) is now the prophecy is a generally accepted hypothesis.
His research work in the scientific community far and his best-selling book "A Brief History of Time" fame. His sales amounted to 2,500 million of the copies of the best-selling book on quantum physics and the theory of relativity introced a great deal. January 1942 8 Oxford was born in the United Kingdom. Oxford University in 1962, completed graate courses in physics, to move to post-graate studies at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom astronomers Faure (1915 -), Stephen Hawking, a young age the eyes of the hero, is a professor of astronomy here. Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease. Was awarded a doctorate in 1965. His research showed that: to explain the black
Hole collapse of the mathematical equation, it can be interpreted from a point of the beginning of the universe, with pockets of serious. Hawking in 1970 study the characteristics of a black hole. He predicted that, from the black hole (now called Hawking radiation) and radiation of the surface area of a black hole will never be reced. In 1974 was elected Member of the Royal Society. He went on to prove that black holes have a temperature, the black hole thermal radiation issue, as well as quality lead to rection of gasification. Ren, University of Cambridge in 1980, Professor of Mathematics Lucas (Isaac Newton was the post). Published in 1988, "A Brief History of Time" and a quantum physics and the theory of relativity on the best-selling book.史蒂芬·霍金教授，是当今世界最著名的物理学家，黑洞理论和“大 爆炸”理论的创立人，著名的《时间简史》的作者。现任剑桥大学数学中 心主席，这个职位是牛顿生前职位。 史蒂芬·霍金（1942－） 史蒂芬·霍金是英国物理学家，他用毕生精力研究黑洞普通物 理学定理不再适用的时空领域）和宇宙起源大爆炸原理。他提出黑洞能发射辐射（现在叫霍金辐射）的预言现在已是一个公认的假说。他的研究工作在科学界远不及他的畅销书《时间简史》出名。他这本销售量达2,500万份的畅销书对量子物理学和相对论作了大量介绍。 1942年1月8日 出生于英国的牛津。 1962年 在牛津大学完成物理学学位课程，搬到剑桥大学攻读研究生，英国天文学家福雷德·霍伊尔（1915－），霍金青少年时代心目中的一位英雄，是这里的天文学教授。霍金被诊断患有运动神经元疾病。 1965年 被授予博士学位。他的研究表明：用来解释黑洞崩溃的数学方程式，也可以解释从一个点开始膨涨的宇宙。 1970年 霍金研究黑洞的特性。他预言，来自黑洞（现在叫霍金辐射）的射线辐射及黑洞的表面积永远也不会减少。 1974年 被选为皇家学会会员。他继续证明，黑洞有温度，黑洞发出热辐射，以及气化导致质量减少。 1980年 任剑桥大学数学鲁卡斯教授（艾萨克·牛顿曾任此职）。 1988年 出版《时间简史》，成为关于量子物理学与相对论最畅销的书。
『捌』 有木有关于霍金的英语作文
1, Hawking is the most distinguished physicists, from an early age interested in the design of complex toy 1942, was born in England on January 8.
2, in his more than 20 years old, suffering from an incurable disease, but to face his own misfortune, overcome all difficulties and concentrate on scientific research in his universe.
3,1988, he published a "Brief History of Time" This book, presented in the book itself has a start time, there will be the end. It was published for a long time best-selling world.
4, Hawking cosmology and gravity to make a great contribution.
『玖』 有关霍金的英语短文
1, Hawking is the most distinguished physicists, from an early age interested in the design of complex toy 1942, was born in England on January 8.
2, in his more than 20 years old, suffering from an incurable disease, but to face his own misfortune, overcome all difficulties and concentrate on scientific research in his universe.
3,1988, he published a "Brief History of Time" This book, presented in the book itself has a start time, there will be the end. It was published for a long time best-selling world.