控制噩梦英语阅读

㈠ 关于英语阅读课程的Questionnaire

您想干嘛呀？来翻译？还是自回答？

首先我想知道你以下的成绩
1 大学入学考试英语___(若记不清清写下大致分数 )
2 大英四级___(若没有参加过请留空)
3 上一学期的英语精读/阅读成绩--

第一部分：
1 总是/全部同意 2 经常/80%同意 3有时/50%同意 4几乎不/20%同意 5从不/完全不同意
1 想学好英语，精读课程是非常重要的 12345
2 你觉得背诵精读课文对提高英语水平有好处。12345
3 除了上精度课和完成作业之外，通过读报纸、杂志和在线文章也可以增加词汇量。 12345
4 你的英语词汇都是从精度课上学到的。12345
5 猜单词或句子的意思是增长词汇量的好办法。12345
6 记住单词的中文解释是必需的。 12345
7 你倾向于通过中文翻译来理解文章。 12345

累死了，明天再给你翻。

㈡ 05年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber . Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to rece resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
人人都喜欢大幅加薪，但是当你知道一个同事薪水加得比你还要多的时候，那么加薪带给你的喜悦感就消失的无影无踪了。如果他还以懒散出名的话，你甚至会变得怒不可遏。这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。但是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里莫大学的Sarah Brosnan 和Frans de Waal进行的一项研究表明，它也是“猴之常情”。这项研究成果刚刚发表在《自然》杂志上。
研究者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研究。它们看起来很可爱，性格温顺，合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，就象女人们一样，它们往往比雄性更关注“商品和服务”价值。这些特性使它们成为Brosnan 和 de Waal理想的研究对象。研究者们花了两年的时间教这些猴子用代币换取食物。正常情况下，猴子很愿意用几块石头换几片黄瓜。但是，当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，能够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么东西时，猴子的行为就会变的明显不同。
在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢侈品（比黄瓜受欢迎得多）。所以当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只猴子就不愿意用自己的代币换回一片黄瓜。如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。事实上，只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（不管有没有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。
研究人员指出，正如人类一样，卷尾猴也受社会情感的影响。在野外，它们是相互合作的群居动物。只有当每只猴子感到自己没有受到欺骗时，这种合作才可能稳定。不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers .But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures .A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private instry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。
现在出现了与吸烟类似的令人感到难过的事情。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。明确的信息表明是我们应该立刻着手保护自己。国家科学院院长Bruce Alberts在专家团报告的前言中加上了这一重要观点：“科学解答不了所有问题。但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。
就象吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。这是一个危险的游戏；到了有百分之百的证据的时候，可能就太晚了。随着风险越来越明显，并且不断增加，一个谨慎的民族现在应该准备一份保单了。
幸运的是，白宫开始关注这件事了。但是显然大多数总统顾问并没有认真看待全球气候变暖这个问题。他们没有出台行动计划，相反只是继续迫切要求进行更多的研究――这是一个经典的“分析导致麻痹案例”。
为了成为地球上有责任心的一员，我们必须积极推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。但只有研究是不够的。如果政府不争取立法上的主动权，国会就应该帮助政府开始采取保护措施。弗吉尼亚的民主党议员Robert Byrd提出一项议案，从经济上激励私企，就是一个良好的开端。许多人看到这个国家正准备修建许多新的发电厂，以满足我们的能源需求。如果我们准备保护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random byprocts of the neural-repair work that goes on ring sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active ring REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated ring the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
在高质量睡眠的所有因素中，梦似乎是最无法控制的一个。在梦中，窗户通向的世界里，逻辑暂时失去了效用，死人开口说话。一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧经伪装后的预示；到了20世纪70年代末期，神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精神噪音”，即睡眠时进行的神经修复活动的一种杂乱的副产品。目前，研究人员猜想梦是大脑情感自动调节系统的组成部分，当大脑处于“掉线”状态时对情绪进行规整。一名主要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以有意识地加以控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。芝加哥医疗中心心里学系主任 Rosalind Cartwright说“梦是你自己的，如果你不喜欢，就改变它。”
大脑造影的证据支持了以上观点。匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，在出现清晰梦境的快速动眼睡眠中大脑和完全清醒时一样活跃。但并非大脑的所有部分都一样，脑边缘系统（“情绪大脑”）异常活跃，而前额皮层（思维和推理的中心地带）则相对平静大。斯坦福睡眠研究员William Dement博士说：“我们从梦中醒来，或者高兴或者沮丧，这些情绪会伴随我们一整天。”
梦和情绪之间的联系在Cartwright的诊所的病人身上显露出来了。多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦，这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。因为清醒时我们的头脑被日常琐事占据着，所以并不总是想到白天发生的事情对我们情绪的影响，直到我们开始做梦，这种影响才出现。
这一过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们可以练习有意识地控制噩梦的重演。你一醒来就立刻确定梦中有什么在困扰你，设想一下你所希望的梦的结局，下次再做同样的梦时，试图醒来以控制它的进程。通过多次练习，人们完全可以学会在梦中这样做。
Cartwright说，说到底，只要梦不使我们无法睡眠或“从梦中惊醒”，就没有理由太在意所做的梦。恐怖主义、经济不确定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。那些长期受到噩梦折磨的人应该寻求专家帮助，而对其他人来说，大脑有自动消除不良情绪的方法。安心睡觉甚至做梦，早上醒来时你会感觉好多了。
American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of language and Music and why we should like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in ecation. Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the graal disappearance of “whom” ,for example, to be natural and no more regranttable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly ecated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas .He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical ecation reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
美国人已不再期待公众人物在演讲或写作中能运用技巧和文采来驾驭英语，而公众人物自己也不渴望这样。语言学家麦荷特喜好争论，他的观点混杂着自由派与保守派的看法。在他最近的书《做我们自己的事：语言和音乐的退化，以及为什么我们应该喜欢或在意？》中，这位学者认为60年代反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。
责备放纵的六十年代不是什么新鲜事，但这次算不上是对教育衰落的又一场批判。麦荷特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言演变。举例来说，他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是自然的，并不比古英语中词格尾缀的消失更让人惋惜。
然而，“做自己的事”这一对事务真实性和个人性的崇高信条，已经导致了正式演讲、写作、诗歌及音乐的消亡。在20世纪60年代以前，仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的强调；而那之后，即使是最受关注的文章也开始逮住口语就写在纸面上。同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。无论作为口语还是书面语的英语，随意言谈胜过雅致的言辞，自我发挥也压过了精心准备。
麦荷特显示先生从上层和下层文化中列举了一系列有趣的例子，从而说明他记录的这种趋势是确凿无误的。但就书中副标题中的疑问：为什么我们应该、喜欢或在意，答案却不够明确。作为语言学家，麦荷特认为各种各样的人类语言，包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言，都具有强大的表达力――世上没有传达不了复杂思想的语言或方言。不像其他大多数人，麦荷特先生并不认为我们说话方式不再规范就会使我们不能够准确的思考。
俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌；而意大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时。麦荷特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺，也没有提出要进行彻底的教育改革――他其实只是为那些美好事务而不是实用品的消逝而哀叹。我们现在用“纸盘子”而非“瓷盘子”装着我们的英语大餐。真是惭愧啊，但很可能已无法避免。

㈢ 求考研英语阅读“正确答案”五大特征，轻松搞定40分阅读理解 请发到我的邮箱[email protected]，谢谢~别发错

特别同意LZ的观点，词汇是砖，语法是道，阅读是魂！我也是今年考研的，感谢你的问题。拷贝原文答案如下，最后三点没有明确说明，但是都在：

这是名牌大学（全国排名前20）的“内部资料” ，很多同学觉得比较实用，现在奉献出来，或许对你有些帮助。
考研英语“正确答案”五大特征，轻松搞定40分阅读理解

首先，我们得逞清一个认识，考研阅读考察的都是些什么文章。记叙类文章肯定没有，因为记叙文的命题深浅不好把握。这么多年来，还从来没有从哈里波特或者廊桥遗梦等西方小说中选一段来考大家。

现在的问题是有人居然说考研英语多考说明文，实在不知道这些人有没有一点文学常识，我们把从99到08年的10年考研阅读理解的文章做了一个分类：99-08年10年间共考了43篇文章，我们可以按照提出一种观点，揭示一种现象的原因和影响，介绍社会对于某个事务的反应，提出一种新的研究结论，书评，对某个主题分观点论述型，分为六类。

提出一种观点，比如06年第一篇，美国社会总体上是和谐的。第四篇，应该正确的看待艺术与幸福的关系。

揭示一种现象的原因和影响，如06年的第二篇。莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉福镇两个产业上的争论，00年的第一篇。美国经济的转折及其影响。

介绍公众对于某个事务的反映，如04年的第三篇各方对美国经济减缓的反应。97年的第一篇，各方对安乐死法案通过的态度。

提出一种新的研究结论型。如06年的第三篇，一个新的研究结论；渔场中的大型食肉类动物正在迅速减少。05年的第一篇，一个新的研究结论:猴子同样会反对不公平。

书评型。如05年的第四篇，书评--正式英语的衰落是必然的。96年的第五篇。关于一本反对神创论的书。

对某个主题分观点型。如02年的第一篇，如何进行幽默，2001年第三篇，新闻媒体失去公信力的原因。

我们可以看到，无论是提出一种观点，提出一种新的研究结论还是介绍公众对于某个现象的反映还是书评，这些文章有一个总体的特征就是：不只是对事物加以简单的描述，而要通过描述表达某种或者某些观点，看法和态度。因此这些都可以归结为大类的议论文。

从测试学的角度来说，阅读理解试题无非就是考察我们的阅读理解能力，而阅读理解能力就是提取有效信息的能力，所以阅读理解题目的设计无论怎么千变万化，最根本的目的就是在考察我们能否把文章的有效信息找出来，而我们知道，议论文的有效信息就是文中表达的观点，论点，主论点，分论点以及作者的感情倾向和态度，这些就是考研命题的出题点所在。

说到这儿，有些同学可能感觉有些疑惑，说，不对吧，我怎么感觉考研阅读考得都是细节性具体的东西呢？这些同学其实一般是中了下面两种毒害导致产生判断失误：

第一，应付四六级给大家留下的心理定势。四六级英语阅读考试考查的重点是考生定位查找具体信息的能力，而考研则更侧重于综合归纳抽象能力的考查，因为毕竟研究生是国家高水平研究得主要群体，所以，研究生入学考试的考察水平不会那么低端。第二个原因，就是这些同学没有认真地研究真题，受大量的模拟试题的毒害。对于市面上充斥着的大量的题集，出于对大家负责，我想说一句，真正有水平的不多，绝大多数都是在拼凑，即使真的有水平也实在难以达到考研真题的高度和命题的思路，你如果真正从这些拼凑的某某某多少篇中找出规律来，反而是一件很恐怖的事情。

请考研战士们记住，考研英语阅读理解的规律有，但是规律要从历年的考研真题中去找。这样分析下来，大多数的考研阅读试题中，正确的选项其实就是文章中观点、论点、主论点和分论点态度等有效信息的直接表达或者变形表达。

经过我们的长期研究，这类观点性有效信息的表达与记叙文、说明文的有效信息相比有自己的特征。我们发现考研英语阅读理解的“正确答案”有五个特征，下面通过历年的考研英语真题来简要介绍我们的方法。

特征一：表述上不能太绝对要留有余地四平八稳，不能带有过于强烈的感情色彩和倾向。一个表述上极端的论点是站不住脚的，很容易受到攻击。对不对？所以文中作者的论点、观点，以及正确答案具备的一个特征是“语气比较委婉”。

重点提示：仅仅记住“may”这个单词，你将轻松多拿4—6分。

34. Cartwright seems to suggest that______. （2005年考研真题）

凯特似乎在暗示：

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

及时醒来对于控制噩梦非常重要

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

想象噩梦对控制噩梦有帮助

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression.

梦应该被自然推进

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

梦可能并不完全是无意识的

我们来看，ABCD四个选项中哪个语气更为委婉？

A及时醒来对于控制噩梦非常重要。

B想象噩梦对控制噩梦有帮助。

C梦应该被自然推进。

D梦可能并不完全是无意识的。

是不是D呢? 答案选D。

27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? （2007年考研真题）

从第三段我们可以推断下列哪个与智力测验有关？

[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

人们不再把智商得分用做智力指标

[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

现在可以从因特网上获得更多的智力测验版本

[C] The test contents and formats for alts and children may be different.

成人和儿童的测试内容和版本可能不一样

[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

科学家已经定义出人类智力的重要元素

选哪个？

恭喜你答对了，当然是选C。may使得语气更加委婉柔和，答案直接指向C。通常情况下带有may的选项一般为正确答案。

同样是2007年考研真题的第29题

29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that______. (2007年考研真题）

从最后一段我们可以总结出

[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

测试成绩可能在显示一个人的能力方面并不可靠

[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

智商得分与SAT成绩密切相关

[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.

测试涉及大量的猜测

[D] traditional tests are out of date.

传统测试已经过时

看到may，当然直接选A。而正确答案就是A。

有的同学会说，不是所有的题目都是这样的吧？当然不是，经过我们的统计，每年这样的题几乎都有2—3道。其余的17道题，需要借助其余“四大特征”分析。

重点提示：每个题目2分，仅此一个特征，你将轻松得到这4分。在考场上节省了宝贵的时间。

特征二：表述上必须具有相对的抽象性、概括性、宏观性。因为研究生考试更侧重于考察学生对事物的抽象思维和概括能力，所以考题的设置也体现了这个特点。

51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.

作者提到艾伦还不至于咬她的手指甲，意思是 （2004年考研真题）

[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business

艾伦很难维持她的生意

[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work

艾伦对工作太投入了

[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit

艾伦已经戒掉了坏习惯（D）

[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation

艾伦不再处于一个绝望的处境之中

C是对字面意思的讲解，不具备抽象性，首先排除C；AB谈论的是生意和工作，都是艾伦生活中某一个方面的具体问题，而D艾伦不再处于一个绝望的处境之中，则是对艾伦整个生活状态的一个更为宏观的概括，明显比AB更为概括、宏观。符合我们说的正确选项的表述要更概括、宏观的特点，正确答案恰恰是选D。

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________. （2005年考研真题）

吸烟支持者的一个观点是

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death

吸烟和死亡之间没有科学联系

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

过去几十年中因吸烟而过早死亡的人数并不大

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

人们有选择自己生活方式的自由

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

反对吸烟的人们通常都是一派胡言

A吸烟和死亡之间没有科学联系，B过去几十年中因吸烟而过早死亡的人数并不大，D反对吸烟的人们通常都是一派胡言，分别说的是一些具体事实和评价；而C人们有选择自己生活方式的自由，则是在人生观的层面上的观点，显然比其他三个抽象。答案选C。

因为研究生属于一个国家高水平的研究团体，需要对事物有宏观把握的能力，所以考研英语文章中的观点、考题也体现了这个特点。

而考研之所以考政治，也是为了让同学们对国家的政策有所了解，对我国未来50年的发展方向有深刻的认识，具有对全社会、全局一个宏观的把握。因为研究生教育培养的是一个国家未来的高端人才、高层管理者。

其余“正确答案的三大特征”，更精彩，更实用。

作为考研这种关乎百万人命运、几千万人关注的特大型考试的命题者，他们有一个最根本的心理底线：就是在保证试题具有足够的迷惑性以区分良莠的同时，又要尽量避免争议。保证迷惑就是要制造错觉，比如他往往把一些错误选项写得非常正确或者非常复杂，而把答案写的很简单来诱惑你上钩，制造错觉。从另一个方面来讲，要想避免争议就得使正确选项与非正确选项之间有着相当的区别度，前者是要实现考试的目的，后者是出于自我保护的目的。否则一旦题目出现争议，一个人一口唾沫就能把命题者淹死。所以，命题人的日子并不好过，很多时候是在凌空走钢丝，偏左不行，偏右也不行。而一个人一旦出现自我保护的意识，那就意味着他存在容易被别人攻击的缺陷。

同样，命题者在命题上同样存在着一些致命的命脉。

从根本上说，正确选项和非正确的所有的区别都必须在文章之中找到支撑，但是很多时候仅仅依靠文章是不够的。因为我们知道，考研阅读所选用的文章是议论文，议论性文章关注的内容本身往往就具有较大的争议性，并且议论性文章带有很强的主观色彩。对同一篇文章，不同的人读过往往会有不同的见解。所以，单靠文章来区别正确选项与错误选项并不充分，很多时候是危险的。所以在依托文章内容区别选项的同时，其实命题者还在选项本身的表述和设置上做了一些区分。这就是命题者的命脉所在，也是我们一招制胜的法宝。

经过对近十年考研英语阅读试题的长期分析，我们发现出命题者常用五种区分方法来命制选项，我们对此总结出了“五大特征”，来帮助大家挑选正确选项。

我们敢保证，你如果对上面讲的能够领悟的比较好的话，考场上有些阅读理解题目可以很轻松的就能够把答案找出来。

当然，这套方法只是给你提供一种思路和一个备用的手段。平时大家还是要注重打牢基础，在研究真题时有意识的训练一下思路就行。

考场上当正常的手段穷尽之后，就可以用这个。比如，这篇文章你读不懂或者根本没有时间去读了，你说怎么办，那就用这最后的保命招数，这总比猜硬币抓阄好吧。当然，我们并不反对你猜硬币抓阄，但是建议你先推断一下再扔。
通常情况下，你还可以把这些技巧当成一个检验你的答案、排除错误选项的依据。如果在考试中你既能读懂文章的大意，又能领悟这套方法，那么英语阅读理解就根本不用担心了。
直接从选项中入手研究解题方法，著名的王若平老师曾经作了一些开创性的工作，对正确选项的特征作了一定的归纳，但是缺乏理论上的支撑和程序上的保障。现在随着这套方法的提出，这个问题可以说已经解决了。

这套方法是我们多年来教学经验的总结，也是对日益苛刻的英语命题趋势的一种反抗。作为我们老师本身来说，其实是不喜欢这种纯粹技巧性的东西的，但是实在没有办法，看到身边很多好学生付出了那么多的努力，但是因为英语差了一两分就被拒之门外，真的感到很可惜。

对于考研英语这种限定性的考试来说，它的命题都是有规律可循的，阅读是这样，完型、翻译、新题型、作文同样有一整套的出题套路和应对方法。

㈣ 两篇英语阅读理解，英语大神请进。高中

你自己也说了百分之七十单词不认识，那就赶紧背单词去，如果一篇文章里面大多数都是你回不懂的答字，你语法再好有什么用？另外，你也只是知道高中的基本语法，很多语法点肯定都忘了，英语语法大多数都是高中学的，大学其实没有学多少，别看不起高中语法，只要是你不会的，就算是小学学的对你而言都是困难的。英语二的确比英语一略微简单，但是这种简单是对于英语有一定基础的同学而言的，对于你而言，你现在应该先从英语的基础知识方面入手，背单词，攻克长难句，然后才是做真题，现在开始还来得及，当你开始做真题的时候，你要记住，一套真题不是你做完了对完答案就算做完了，要做到每一篇文章没有一个单词不认识，没有一个句型不认识，没有一道题不会做，这才叫弄懂一套真题。如果单词背不下去，语法学不进去，那你只能自己解决这些问题，毕竟是你要考研，不是别人，这点苦都吃不了，那还考什么研呢，直接上班日子不是舒服点吗

㈤ 英语阅读（帮我找一下这篇文章）

I love nature and I am very concerned (担忧的） a lot of people are polluting the Earth without realizing it. Pollution is made when somebody puts harmful things into the air, water or land. People should not pollute. When people pollute it hurts the people, the animal and the plant.
When people put chemicals into the land, they go into our soil and into our water. When peo¬ple and animals drink the water it makes them sick. They may not realize it right away but finally they feel it. When chemicals get into the ground it affects the whole food chain (食物链）—The in¬sect, the animal, the plant and the people are affected.
When people cut down trees they rece the amount (数量）of oxygen (氧气）and they take a- way homes for animals. Most people don’t realize how cutting down trees hurts people and animals.
If I could make laws, no one could put garbage into the water or on the land and all cars would run on fuel(燃料）made from beans. When I grow up, I want to live on a clean earth with lots of tall trees full of animals. Please don’t pollute.
71. How are people polluting the earth acccrding to the paaaage?
__________________________________________________________
72. The underlined phrase “hannful things" include two things in the passage.
They are ¬¬¬¬_______________________.
73. How are the people affected?[
___________________________________________________________
74. Trans late the underlined sentence Most people don’t realize how cutting down trees hurts people and animals.
____________________________________________________________
75. What is a good earth like for the writer?
____________________________________________________________

㈥ 求老师翻译这篇英语阅读。答案是什么。解析一下 我们班错误率很高 Doctors have know

个人感觉应该选 B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise．

Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss．

医生们对极大声的噪音能引起听觉损伤和失聪这件事已经知道很久了！

A的选项应该跟阿司匹林有关，因为第二段中说 An American scientist has found that using aspirin （阿斯匹林） increase the temporary （暂时的）hearing loss or damage from loud noise．

一个美国科学家已经发现使用阿司匹林会增加大噪音引起的暂时性的听觉缺失或听觉损伤的概率
C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only
文中并没有提到这一点 噪音只对年轻人造成听力损伤或听力缺失。
D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear在家中常见的声音不会伤害到耳朵。
这句话是不正确的，文中第一段第一句extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss．说噪音会伤害听力，The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work．
第二句说噪音可以是喷气式飞机的声音或者是工厂中机器的声音，可以是其他在家或者工作时常见的声音。所以只要是大声的噪音对听力都是有伤害的，不管是哪一种噪音都有伤害！

㈦ 翻译一篇英语阅读。回答立即采纳，我觉得这篇写的非常好。不要用软件翻译。

在早上，我们一直都在雾里开车，但现在雾正散去。小海边的村庄一一逐渐现在眼前。「这就是我奶奶的房子」，我说，指着海湾对岸的一间破旧老房子。
我和孙女Lise来到新斯科舍省旅行，她来寻根，我来寻回宝贵的回忆。Lise是个居无定所的孩子，童年时老是搬房子。她渴望有一种回家的感觉，所以我们来到新斯科舍省，我和丈夫出生的地方，我们的祖先在这里生活了200年。
不久，我们把车停在房子旁，我告诉她在这里的往昔的模样，追溯回忆，冲冲如潮水。
突然，我想在房子里走走，我的童年时代曾经是这么光荣灿烂。它仍然属于家族里的一员的，但好一段时间没有人住了。我们进不了房子，但我仍然可以在房间外墙走走。在这里，我妈靠著她卧室的窗户坐着，写她的日记。我仍然可以看到热情的家庭，从家门里进进出出。跟他们在一起，我永远都呆得不够。但是，这已是童年时代很久以后的事。Lisa倾听著我说的，然后说：「那，这是我的根；我所属的地方。」
她找到了她的根。知道自己来自哪里是人心的最大憧憬之一。有根就是“有原居地”。我们需要那源头。回头看，我们会发现什么对我们来说是独特的；了解“我”的含义。我们所有人都必须回家，在现实中或在记忆里。

~~~~~~~~~纯人手翻译，欢迎采纳~~~~~~~~~

原文如下：
We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are appearing, one by one. "There is my grandmother's house," I say, pointing across the bay to a shabby old house.
I am in Nova Scotia on a journey with Lise, my granddaughter, searching for roots for her, recall valuable memory for me. Lise was one of the mobile children, moving from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of home, and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors lived for 200 years.
We soon pulled up by the house and I tell her what it was like here, the memories rushing back, swift as the tide.
Suddenly, I want to walk again in the house where I was once so gloriously a child. It still belongs to a member of the family, but has not been lived in for a while. We cannot go into the house, but I can still walk through the rooms in memory. Here, my mother was seated by her bedroom window and wrote in her diary. I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house. I could never have enough of being with them. However, that was long after those childhood days. Lise listens attentively as I talk and then says, " So this is where I began; where I belong. "
She has found her roots. To know where I come from is one of the great longings of the human heart. To be rooted is "to have an origin". We need that origin. Looking backward, we discover what is unique in us; learn the meaning of "I". We must all go home again—in reality or memory.

㈧ 求大神帮看一篇英语阅读

整篇文章的大致意思是这样的:
自第二次世界大战以来，有一个明显的趋势，尤其是在越来越多的大学生群体，走向早期的婚姻。许多年轻人开始约会在青春期的第一阶段，“稳定”，通过高中，结婚之前，他们的正式教育已经完成。在一些地方，有大震动的老龄化锁著，中年人在“任性的方式”。然而，情感的成熟是不偏待生日；它不会自动到来在二十一或二零五。有些人做到这一点令人惊讶的早，而其他人从来没有这样做，即使在三分年和十。
许多学生结婚是为了逃避，不能只从一个令人满意的家庭生活，但也从自己的个人问题的孤立和孤独。它几乎可以放下一个格言：任何婚姻作为一种逃避不能证明完全成功。可悲的事实是，婚姻很少能解决的问题；更多的时候，它只是强调他们。此外，这家机构是否能够承载所有年轻人寻求投入是值得怀疑的；有人可能会说，在神学方面，他们离弃偶像崇拜的另一个。年轻人正确理解他们的父母都认为，“成功”是最终的好的错误，但他们错误地认为自己已经找到了真正的中心生活的意义。他们对婚姻的期望基本上是乌托邦式的，因此无法实现。他们想要的太多，和悲剧性的幻灭是必然。
我们，然后加入，“在早期的几次婚姻不幸的“合唱？一个人不能概括：所有早期的婚姻都是不坏的，所有后来的人都是好的。令人满意的婚姻不是由时间决定的，而是由伴侣的情感上的成熟决定的。因此，每一种情况都必须根据自己的优点来判断。如果早期的婚姻是不是一个逃避，如果它是与相对较少的幻想或虚假的期望，如果它是在经济上可行的，为什么不呢？好的婚姻可以由十六到六十，所以可以不好的婚姻。
选择题答案分析:
第六题题目意思tend to marry early for the following reasons except that
倾向于结婚早有以下的原因，除了
they begin dating at an early age
他们在一个早期就开始约会
they want to get rid of loneliness
他们想摆脱孤独
they become physically mature early
他们在身体上变得成熟早
they achieve emotional maturity early
他们实现情感成熟早
A.正确，因为文中提到Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence故正确
B.正确，因为文中提到Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness.故也正确
C.错误，文中提到Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. 故错误
D.正确，文中提到Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners.故正确。
第七题题目意思是:
according to the passage,which of the following statements about marriages is true
根据这篇文章，下面关于婚姻的陈述是真的
marriages should become the center of one's life
婚姻应该成为一个人的生活的中心
marriages can only solve the problem of loneliness
婚姻只能解决孤独的问题
marriages can seldom solve pelple's personal prombles
婚姻很少能解决人们的个人问题
marriages are not as important as success to the young
婚姻不像年轻人的成功一样重要
A.错误。文中提到Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that" success" is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of life's meaning. 所以错误的
B.错误，can only用错了
C.正确。文中提到The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one's problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. 故正确
D.错误，文中提到Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theological terms, that they are forsaking one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that" success" is the ultimate good。故错误

选择题答案:6-——10
CCABA