英语简史免费阅读

① 寻求 '英语发展史'(the adventure of english)(dvd)的字幕,万分感谢,

我只找到这个，不知道有没有用。
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0343228/maindetails

② 如何复习英语简史 71

英语嘛，必较简单，因为其实主要看自己基础，只要考前背熟些单词，看熟课本里面的语法，再听听多做些听力练习就行了。 历史请看下面，其实主要作平时学习用。 首先当然是要把课本的内容看透，背熟

③ 英语发展简史

英语最初是由印欧语系中日耳曼语族下的西日耳曼语支开展而来的。
随着英国工内业革命，各个殖民地容的建立。英语随着暴力与入侵在全球范围内扩散开来。经过几百年的演变，它以不可挽回的融入了各个民族的语言当中。成为了真正有全球影响力的语言。拿汉语来说，幽默。咖啡。这些潜移默化的词汇都来自英语，日语中此类词更多。
当然 英国衰落后，美国的强大也延续了英语的生命。科技进步，全球通信的发达更加让其他名族的语言对英语产生了让步。这一现象，是时代的选择。

④ 求时间简史英文版pdf下载地址（要可用的）

http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/7387521.html

⑤ 适合高中生阅读的英文原著

书虫抄系列就很好“书虫”是外语教学与研究出版社和牛津大学出版社共同奉献给广大英语学习者的一大精品。书虫在英语中大概是颇可爱的形象。想象一下，有那么一只勤勉的小虫，它如痴如醉地沉迷于书卷，孜孜不倦地咀嚼着字母……
如今这只“书虫”漂洋过海，轻盈地落在了中国英语学习者的掌中。“书虫”首先将给你自信，即使你目前只有几百的词汇量，也可以不太费劲地阅览世界名作了。书虫还会用它细细的鸣叫声不停地提醒你：要坚持不懈地读下去，要广泛而丰富地读下去。待到读完丛书系列中的最后一本，你也许会突然发现：你已经如蛹画碟，振翅欲翔了！
第五级：2000生词量，适合高一学生，共4本。
1、《远大前程》
2、《大卫·科波菲尔》
3、《呼啸山庄》
4、《远离尘嚣》
第六级：2300生词量，适合高二、高三学生，共4本
1、《简·爱》
2、《雾都孤儿》
3、《傲慢与偏见》

⑥ 英语的发展史

卢恩语(Futhark)→古英语(即盎格鲁-撒克逊语)(Old English、Anglo-Saxon)→英国英语(English)

1.英语的发展要追溯到公元410年，罗马人离开不列颠之后，日耳曼部族包括盎格鲁、萨克逊开始涌入。

2.罗马人走了，没有留下他们使用的拉丁语。反倒是实用的盎格鲁萨克逊语言进入到当地人的语言，带去了新的词汇。

3.公元597年，基督教传入英国。基督教的流行，使当地人更容易接受拉丁文的怪字，如“martyr（烈士）”, “bishop”和 “font”。

4.公元800年，丹麦人入侵英国。维京语言给英语带来了好战意味明显的词汇，英语中共有2000个词汇源于维京人。

5.1066年,征服者威廉入侵不列颠，带来了来自海峡对岸的法语。法语成为了上层阶级与官方事务用语。总的来讲，英文大概从诺曼语中吸收了一万多个单词。

6.1337 年，英法百年战争开始。在这116年的争斗中，英语吸收了法语中的战争词汇，如“armies”, “navies” 及 “soldiers“， 并逐步取代法语，成为当权者的语言。

7.100年之后诞生了莎士比亚。字典告诉我们，莎士比亚大概发明了2000多个新字，包括好用的词汇还有很多当时的流行词汇。

8.1611年出现了詹姆士王版圣经。新圣经使用了所有人都能理解的语言，使得圣经中的教训不再是“王宫粉墙上”的文字，而是手中的小册，并有传教士在每间教堂宣传。

9.17世纪，科学得到了迅速的发展。皇家学院的科学家们一开始用拉丁文沟通，后来发现其实用自己的母语英文会更简洁。新事物的发现产生了许多新的词汇。

10.在日不落帝国迅速扩张时期，英语从殖民地不同的语言中吸收了许多新的词汇与表达。据统计，在1815年到1914年期间，新变种的英文得以在世界各地发展。

11.随着英文向四面八方扩张，词典编纂者也随之出现，这些人想要解决拼字不统一的无政府状态。于是约翰逊博士花了九年编成了一本英文字典，促成了拼写的统一。

12.英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊以及朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。

13.在19至20世纪，英国以及美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学在世界上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言。如今，许多国际场合都使用英语做为沟通媒介。

(6)英语简史免费阅读扩展阅读

古英语受低地日耳曼语影响很大，比如动词，基本词汇，发音，复合词结构，形态变化很复杂，但是与现代的标准德语还是有很大的区别。

现代英语并非起源或演变自罗曼语族亦或是法语，但是数万现代英语词汇，很大一部分来自法语，约5万英语词汇与法语接近甚至是完全相同，现代英语和多数现代欧洲语言都改用字母拼写。

现代英语所使用的拼写字母，也是完全借用了26个字母。所谓“英语字母”，就是古罗马人在书写时所使用的拼写字母。

英语开始以拉丁字母作为拼写系统大约是在公元六世纪盎格鲁撒克逊时代。

参考资料

英语-网络

⑦ 有谁读过英文的英国文学简史么，急急急！

英文的笔记行吗？

A Concise History of British Literature
Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period
I. Introction
1. The historical background
(1) Before the Germanic invasion
(2) During the Germanic invasion
a. immigration;
b. Christianity;
c. heptarchy.
d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen (lord) – thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow);
e. social organization: clan or tribes.
f. military Organization;
g. Church function: spirit, civil service, ecation;
h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;
i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.
2. The Overview of the culture
(1) The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.
(2) Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.

II. Beowulf.
1. A general introction.
2. The content.
3. The literary features.
(1) the use of alliteration
(2) the use of metaphors and understatements
(3) the mixture of pagan and Christian elements

III. The Old English Prose
1. What is prose?
2. figures
(1) The Venerable Bede
(2) Alfred the Great
Chapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages
I. Introction
1. The Historical Background.
(1) The year 1066: Norman Conquest.
(2) The social situations soon after the conquest.
A. Norman nobles and serfs;
B. restoration of the church.
(3) The 11th century.
A. the crusade and knights.
B. dominance of French and Latin;
(4) The 12th century.
A. the centralized government;
B. kings and the church (Henry II and Thomas);
(5) The 13th century.
A. The legend of Robin Hood;
B. Magna Carta (1215);
C. the beginning of the Parliament
D. English and Latin: official languages (the end)
(6) The 14th century.
a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;
b. the rise of towns.
c. the change of Church.
d. the role of women.
e. the Hundred Years’ War—starting.
f. the development of the trade: London.
g. the Black Death.
h. the Peasants’ Revolt—1381.
i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.
(7) The 15th century.
a. The Peasants Revolt (1453)
b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.
c. the printing-press—William Caxton.
d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy(1485)
2. The Overview of Literature.
(1) the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.
(2) Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.
(3) Wace—Le Roman de Brut.
(4) The romance.
(5) the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.

II. Sir Gawin and Green Knight.
1. a general introction.
2. the plot.

III. William Langland.
1. Life
2. Piers the Plowman

IV. Chaucer
1. Life
2. Literary Career: three periods
(1) French period
(2) Italian period
(3) master period
3. The Canterbury Tales
A. The Framework;
B. The General Prologue;
C. The Tale Proper.
4. His Contribution.
(1) He introced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.
(2) He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.
(3) The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.

V. Popular Ballads.

VI. Thomas Malory and English Prose

VII. The beginning of English Drama.
1. Miracle Plays.
Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.
2. Morality Plays.
A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.
3. Interlude.
The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.

Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance
I. A Historical Background

II. The Overview of the Literature (1485-1660)
Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-ecation for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.
Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed ecation.
Literary style-modeled on the ancients.
The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically ecated adherents.
1. poetry
The first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.
The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.
The third tendency by Johnson: reaction--Classically pure and restrained style.
The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.
2. Drama
a. the native tradition and classical examples.
b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe – Shakespeare – Jonson.
3. Prose
a. translation of Bible;
b. More;
c. Bacon.

II. English poetry.
1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard (courtly makers)
(1) Wyatt: introcing sonnets.
(2) Howard: introcing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.
2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer
(1) Life:
a. English gentleman;
b. brilliant and fascinating personality;
c. courtier.
(2) works
a. Arcadia: pastoral romance;
b. Astrophel and Stella (108): sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.
Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.
c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning of literary criticism.
3. Edmund Spenser
(1) life: Cambridge - Sidney’s friend - “Areopagus” – Ireland - Westminster Abbey.
(2) works
a. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.
b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequence
c. Faerie Queene:
 The general end--A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.
 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.
 Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meaning)
 Many allusions to classical writers.
 Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.
(3) Spenserian Stanza.

III. English Prose
1. Thomas More
(1) Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of arts
a. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;
b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;
c. Lord Chancellor;
d. beheaded.
(2) Utopia: the first English science fiction.
Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.
A philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.
a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.
b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.
c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.
d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.
e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.
f. the Utopia
(3) the significance.
a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.
b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.
2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman
(1) life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.
(2) philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.
(3) “Essays”: 57.
a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.
b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. (arguments)

IV. English Drama
1. A general survey.
(1) Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.
(2) two influences.
a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;
b. native or popular drama.
(3) the University Wits.
2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.
(1) Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.
(2) Major works
a. Tamburlaine;
b. The Jew of Malta;
c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
(3) The significance of his plays.

V. William Shakespeare
1. Life
(1) 1564, Stratford-on-Avon;
(2) Grammar School;
(3) Queen visit to Castle;
(4) marriage to Anne Hathaway;
(5) London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor;
(6) the 1st Folio, Quarto;
(7) Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.
2. Dramatic career
3. Major plays-men-centered.
(1) Romeo and Juliet--tragic love and fate
(2) The Merchant of Venice.
Good over evil.
Anti-Semitism.
(3) Henry IV.
National unity.
Falstaff.
(4) Julius Caesar
Republicanism vs. dictatorship.
(5) Hamlet
Revenge
Good/evil.
(6) Othello
Diabolic character
jealousy
gap between appearance and reality.
(7) King Lear
Filial ingratitude
(8) Macbeth
Ambition vs. fate.
(9) Antony and Cleopatra.
Passion vs. reason
(10) The Tempest
Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
3. Non-dramatic poetry
(1) Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.
(2) Sonnets:
a. theme: fair, true, kind.
b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.
c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.
d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.

VI. Ben Jonson
1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” (Sons of Ben)
2.contribution:
(1) the idea of “humour”.
(2) an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.
3. Major plays
(1) Everyone in His Humour—”humour”; three unities.
(2) Volpone the Fox

Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century
I. A Historical Background

II. The Overview of the Literature (1640-1688)
1. The revolution period
(1) The metaphysical poets;
(2) The Cavalier poets.
(3) Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction
2. The restoration period.
(1) The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. (school of Ben Jonson)
(2) The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (1662) were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.
(3) The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.
(4) The restoration drama.
(5) The Age of Dryden.

III. John Milton
1. Life: ecated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.
2. Literary career.
(1) The 1st period was up to 1641, ring which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso (1632) are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.
(2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.
(3) The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.
3. Major Works
(1) Paradise Lost
a. the plot.
b. characters.
c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.
(2) Paradise Regained.
(3) Samson Agonistes.
4. Features of Milton’s works.
(1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.
(2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.
(3) Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
(4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.

IV. John Bunyan
1. life:
(1) puritan age;
(2) poor family;
(3) parliamentary army;
(4) Baptist society, preacher;
(5) prison, writing the book.
2. The Pilgrim Progress
(1) The allegory in dream form.
(2) the plot.
(3) the theme.

V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.
1. Metaphysical Poets
The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.
2. Cavalier Poets
The other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan’s.

VI. John Dryden.
1. Life:
(1) the representative of classicism in the Restoration.
(2) poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.
(3) changeable in attitude.
(4) Literary career—four decades.
(5) Poet Laureate
2. His influences.
(1) He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.
(2) He developed a direct and concise prose style.
(3) He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.

Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century
I. Introction
1. The Historical Background.
2. The literary overview.
(1) The Enlightenment.
(2) The rise of English novels.
When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary proction continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.
(3) Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.
(4) Satiric literature.
(5) Sentimentalism

II. Neo-classicism. (a general description)
1. Alexander Pope
(1) Life:
a. Catholic family;
b. ill health;
c. taught himself by reading and translating;
d. friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.
(2) three groups of poems:
e. An Essay on Criticism (manifesto of neo-classicism);
f. The Rape of Lock;
g. Translation of two epics.
(3) His contribution:
h. the heroic couplet—finish, elegance, wit, pointedness;
i. satire.
(4) weakness: lack of imagination.
2. Addison and Steele
(1) Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper.
(2) Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” (with Steele, 1711)
(3) Spectator Club.
(4) The significance of their essays.
a. Their writings in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.
b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.
c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.
3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor.
(1) Life:
a. studies at Oxford;
b. made a living by writing and translating;
c. the great cham of literature.
(2) works: poem (The Vanity of Human Wishes, London); criticism (The Lives of great Poets); preface.
(3) The champion of neoclassical ideas.

III. Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.
1. Life:
(1) born in Ireland;
(2) studies at Trinity College;
(3) worked as a secretary;
(4) the chief editor of The Examiner;
(5) the Dean of St. Patrick’s in Dublin.
2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver’s Travels.
3. Gulliver’s Travels.
Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.
Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war.
Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.
Part IV. Satire—mankind.

IV. English Novels of Realistic tradition.
1. The Rise of novels.
(1) Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic – poetry – romances – fabliaux – novelle - imaginative nature of their material. (imaginative narrative)
(2) The rise of the novel
a. picaresque novel in Spain and England (16th century): Of or relating to a genre of prose fic

⑧ 推荐几本讲述美国历史与文化的英文书籍

1、《美国历史与文化》

是2007年1月浙江大学出版社出版图书，译者是王加丰、周旭东。

主要内容提要：高等学校人才培养模式改革涉及的核心课题之一,是构建符合现代社会理念并能体现科技进步水平的教学知识体系。理想的大学教学知识体系应具有时代性、先进性、学术性和适切性,并且具体体现在能够展现上述先进理念与特征的教材体系与课程内容之中。

全书分为三篇,主要内容包括独立战争与南北战争,环境保护和环境保护运动,清教精神与实用主义,发明创造和科学探索精神,乔治·华盛顿等。

2、《美国简史》

是2013年1月1日安徽人民出版社出版的图书，作者是王毅。该书是一部涉及政治、经济、法律、宗教、文化等诸多领域的美国史书。

《美国简史》是一部通俗、生动的美国史书，由北京新东方教师编著。作者以其渊博的知识，讲述了从哥伦布发现新大陆至第二次世界大战前的美国历史，对这个时期的历史事件、西方文明、科技发明以及美国的政治生活进行了深刻而独到的描述。

还特别介绍了殖民地、独立战争、南北战争以及美国发展时期的一些重要历史人物。为了使读者能够了解每章内容概况，本书还附加200多幅彩色照片，这是与其他版本不同的地方。

3、《美国人：建国的经历》

作者：(美)丹尼尔·J·布尔斯廷。原版名称《The Americans：The National Experience》。

内容介绍：1944年，作者在芝加哥大学任教期间，他曾经有一个独特的学术观点，认为美国人实用主义和注重现实的民族性格，并非来自某种教条或信仰，而是在定居北美大陆的过程中，在环境的磨炼下自然形成了。这个观点可能构成了他后来写作《美国人》三部曲的主要动机。

这三部曲以150万字的篇幅，全景式的展现了美国从殖民地一直到当代的400年间的历史发展，引起了轰动。作者也因此确定了美国史专家的学术地位。这套三部曲获得很多奖项，最后一本《民主历程》还夺得了1973年普利策最佳历史学着作。

4、《美国种族简史》

是2011年11月9日中信出版社出版的图书，作者是托马斯·索威尔。

《美国种族简史》作者在《美国种族简史》一书中，用大量的史实、数字，深入浅出地讲述了各个种族在美国的奋斗史、文化史，包括爱尔兰人、德国人、意大利人、日本人、犹太人、华人、墨西哥人、黑人、波多黎各人等。

众所周知，美国是世界文化的大熔炉。各个种族无论在基因上，还是在文化上都有其本国固有的特质。和其他种族比起来，这些固有的性质也使其在众多种族共存的环境中凸显出来。

5、《剑桥美国史》

一书由[英] 苏珊-玛丽·格兰特所著，新星出版社出版发行。

作者在《美国种族简史》一书中，用大量的史实、数字，深入浅出地讲述了各个种族在美国的奋斗史、文化史，包括爱尔兰人、德国人、意大利人、日本人、犹太人、华人、墨西哥人、黑人、波多黎各人等。

众所周知，美国是世界文化的大熔炉。各个种族无论在基因上，还是在文化上都有其本国固有的特质。和其他种族比起来，这些有的性质也使其在众多种族共存的环境中凸显出来。

肯远离祖籍国来到美国的人们，和他们周围的人相比，更具有进取心，在面对困境时更主动，因此凸现出来的种族特点就更加明显。

虽然个性或者思考方式很大程度上取决于人们所处的阶级，但是依然呈现出很多通用的成功必备的品质，比如重视教育、勤奋、积极、重视经验的传递，这适用于所有的行业。

在美国，种族成功的唯一出路是将自身传统优势发挥到极致，并坚持不懈地适应和改进。今天美国最富有的犹太人和日本人，无一不是这个经验的充分实践者。

本书1981年在美国出版，至今已30年。美国种族史具有超出种族本身的内涵，书中详实的数据资料、对种族特点的分析和观点直到现在仍不过时，并且对于经济和文化越来越多元化的中国具有十分重要的意义。

参考资料来源：

网络-美国人：建国的经历

网络-美国简史

网络-美国历史与文化

⑨ 英语翻译

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