外研社八下英语阅读

A. 八年级下册英语(外研社)mole1课文

http://wenku..com/view/732eb943a8956bec0975e3dc.html
第一模块的课文及讲解，强力推荐！回免费下答载！

B. 外研八下英语目标M3U3答案

孩子我为民造福了~~= =

Mole 3 综合训练
一、词语学习（略）
二、单项填空 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
三、完成句子
1. to thank you for sending me 2. what you want to be
3. in person once a month 4. have already decided what to do
四、阅读还原句子 1. C 2. D 3. A
五、完型填空 1．B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
六、书面表达
My Hobby and My Future
I have many hobbies, but my favourite one is drawing. When I was a child, I became interested in those lines and colors because they gave me a beautiful world on paper. To begin with, I spent much time drawing animals. Then I took classes so that I could improve my drawing skills. After a few years, I could “talk” with others by drawing pictures. It really brings me happiness. Besides, I find it is a good way to relax myself now. In the future, I believe drawing will help me succeed because I want to be an artist. So I will keep practicing drawing and work hard at it. I will try to make my dream come true.

C. 外研社的英语阅读

语姓名的一般结构为：教名+自取名+姓。如 William Jafferson Clinton。但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写，如 George Bush，而且许多人更喜欢用昵称取代正式教名，如 Bill Clinton。上述教名和中间名又称个人名。现将英语民族的个人名、昵称和姓氏介绍如下：

I. 个人名

按照英语民族的习俗，一般在婴儿接受洗礼的时候，由牧师或父母亲朋为其取名，称为教名。以后本人可以在取用第二个名字，排在教名之后。

英语个人名的来源大致有以下几种情况：

1. 采用圣经、希腊罗马神话、古代名人或文学名著中的人名作为教名。

2. 采用祖先的籍贯，山川河流，鸟兽鱼虫，花卉树木等的名称作为教名。

3. 教名的不同异体。

4. 采用（小名）昵称。

5. 用构词技术制造新的教名，如倒序，合并。

6. 将母亲的娘家姓氏作为中间名。

英语民族常用的男子名有：James, John, David, Daniel, Michael, 常见的女子名为：Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.

II. 昵称

昵称包括爱称、略称和小名，是英语民族亲朋好友间常来表示亲切的称呼，是在教名的基础上派生出来的。通常有如下情况：

1. 保留首音节。如 Donald => Don, Timothy => Tim. 如果本名以元音开头，则可派生出以'N'打头的昵称，如：Edward => Ned.

2. +ie 或 -y 如：Don => Donnie, Tim => Timmy.

3. 采用尾音节，如：Anthony => Tony, Beuben => Ben.

4. 由一个教名派生出两个昵称，如：Andrew => Andy & Drew.

5. 不规则派生法，如：William 的一个昵称是 Bill.

III. 姓氏

英国人在很长的一段时间里只有名而没有姓。直到16世纪姓氏的使用才广泛流行开来。英语姓氏的词源主要有：

1. 直接借用教名，如 Clinton.

2. 在教名上加上表示血统关系的词缀，如后缀-s, -son, -ing；前缀 M'-, Mc-,Mac-, Fitz- 等均表示某某之子或后代。

3. 在教名前附加表示身份的词缀，如 St.-, De-, Du=, La-, Le-.

4. 放映地名，地貌或环境特征的，如 Brook, Hill等。

5. 放映身份或职业的，如：Carter, Smith.

6. 放映个人特征的，如：Black, Longfellow.

7. 借用动植物名的，如 Bird, Rice.

8. 由双姓合并而来，如 Burne-Jones.

英语姓氏虽然出现较教名晚，但数量要多得多。常用的有：Smith, Miller,Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams.

IV. 几点说明

1. 较早产生的源于圣经，希腊罗马神话的教名通常不借用为姓氏。

2. 英国人习惯上将教名和中间名全部缩写，如 M. H. Thatcher；美国人则习惯于只缩写中间名，如 Ronald W. Reagan。

3. 在姓名之前有时还要有人际称谓，如职务军衔之类。Dr., Prof., Pres. 可以用于姓氏前或姓名前；而Sir 仅用于教名或姓名前。
The general structure of language names as: Christian name + since the name + surname. Such as William Jafferson Clinton. However, on many occasions middle name is often omitted not written, such as George Bush, and many people like to use a nickname to replace formal ecation, such as Bill Clinton. The above-mentioned Christian name and middle name, also known as names. The English nation's personal name, nickname and last name as follows:

I. personal name

In accordance with the custom of the English nation, the general acceptance of the baptism of the baby, when relatives and friends from the pastor or parents to their name, known as the Christian name. I can be drawn after the second name, row after teaching name.

English personal name the source of the following situations:

1. The use of the Bible, Greek and Roman mythology, ancient celebrities or literary masterpiece of the names as a Christian name.

2. The use of ancestral origin, mountains, rivers, animals and birds鱼虫, flowers, trees, such as the name as a Christian name.

3. Christian name of a different variant.

4. The use of (name) nickname.

5. Use of word-building technology to create new Christian name, such as the reverse merger.

6. The mother's maiden name as a middle name.

English national common man, there are: James, John, David, Daniel, Michael, commonly known as the woman: Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.

II. Nickname

Nicknames, including pet name, abbreviation and the name is the English nation to friends and family often cordial inter-titles, is the basis of teaching were derived. Usually have the following:

1. Retained the first syllable. Such as Donald => Don, Timothy => Tim. If a vowel at the beginning of whose real name may be derived in order to 'N' the head of the nickname, such as: Edward => Ned.

2. + Ie or-y, such as: Don => Donnie, Tim => Timmy.

3. To adopt the end of syllables, such as: Anthony => Tony, Beuben => Ben.

4. By a Christian name derived from two nicknames, such as: Andrew => Andy & Drew.

5. Irregular derivatives, such as: William, a nickname is Bill.

III. Surname

The British in a very long period of time not only the name of surname. Until the 16th century before widespread use of surnames became popular. English etymology surnames are:

1. Direct borrowing Christian name, such as Clinton.

2. Ecation descent who added that relations between the affixes, such as the suffix-s,-son,-ing; prefix M'-, Mc-, Mac-, Fitz-all that so-and-so's son or future generations.

3. Ecation, said former Additional Affixes identity, such as the St .-, De-, Du =, La-, Le-.

4. Screening names, landforms or environmental characteristics, such as Brook, Hill and so on.

5. Screening status or profession, such as: Carter, Smith.

6. Screening of personal characteristics, such as: Black, Longfellow.

7. Borrowed names of animals and plants, such as Bird, Rice.

8. The merger came from double surname, such as Burne-Jones.

English surname although relatively late Christian name, but the number of much more. There are commonly used: Smith, Miller, Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams.

IV. Some Help

1. The earlier generated from the Bible, Greek and Roman mythology the Christian name does not normally use for the family name.

2. Britons will be used to teach middle name all the names and abbreviations, such as the MH Thatcher; Americans are accustomed to only the middle name initials, such as the Ronald W. Reagan.

3. In the name before it was sometimes the occasion of the title, such as job rank, and so on. Dr., Prof., Pres. Can be used for family name or the name of the former; and Sir used only for Christian name or the name of the former.

D. 初中英语同步阅读：外研版新标准 初二上 和初二下的M6U1U2的课文

初二上：M6:A famous story U1:She was sitting by the river. U2:The white rabbit was looking at its watch.
对吗？？
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E. 八下英语外研版复习资料

疑问句型
What is this?
结构∶问句：What＋be 动词＋this（that…）？
答句：This（that…）＋be 动词＋a book（pen…）。
说明∶此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔…）”。what（什么）叫做“疑问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接 be <动词>，再接<主词>，第一个字母 w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。
What is this? This is a chair. 这是什么？这是一张椅子。
What’s this? It’s a book. 这是什么？它是一本书。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什么？那是一张书桌。
What are these?
结构∶问句：What are＋these／those…？
答句：These／Those are＋复数名词（＋s／es）。
说明∶<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致，is 后面接单数<名词>，are 后面要接复数<名词>。
What are these? These are books. 这些是什么？这些是书。
What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什么？那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glasses. 它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。
What are you?
结构∶问句：What＋be 动词＋主词（人）…？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋a student…。
说明∶此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生…”。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外，还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形态，如：I am，we are，you are，he is…。
What are you? I am a student. 你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。
Are you a ...?
结构∶问句：Be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词＋…？
肯定简答：Yes，主词＋am（are，is）。
否定简答：No，主词＋am（are，is）not。
说明∶在否定<简答句>中，<主词>和 am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定<简答句>中则不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是学生吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）
Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是钟表吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）
What is your name?
结构∶问句：What＋is＋所有格＋name?
答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。
说明∶“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必接<名词>，即“<所有格>＋<名词>”；<所有格>不可与 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 紧接一起使用。
What is your name? My name is Sue. 你叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。
What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。
Who is that ...?
结构∶问句：Who＋be 动词＋that＋形容词＋名词？
答句：That is＋名字。
说明∶Who 是<疑问代名词>，询问人的“姓名”或“关系”；将<形容词>直接放在<名词>前面，叫做“前位修饰”。
Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是谁？那位是比尔。
Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是谁？那位是玛丽。
Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是谁？那位是我叔叔。
Where is ...?
结构∶问句：Where＋be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词…？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋in the＋名词…。
说明∶问句是“Where ...?”，简答时可用<副词片语>“In／On the＋<名词>”。
Where is Sue? She is in her room. 苏在那里？她在她的房间里。
Where are your books? On the desk. 你的书在那里？在书桌上。
Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你妈吗在哪里？她在厨房里。
Are you V-ing ...?
结构∶Am（Are，Is）＋主词＋现在分词…？
说明∶此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）正在…吗？”。这一<句型>转换的三要素是：be <动词>移到句首；改为大写；句尾用问号。
Is Mary sleeping? 玛丽正在睡觉吗？
Are you reading a book? 你正在看书吗？
Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍吗？
What are you doing?
结构∶问句：What＋am（are，is）＋主词＋现在分词？
答句：主词＋am（are，is）＋现在分词…。
说明∶“<主词>（人）正在做什么？<主词>（人）正在…”。注意：<祈使句>的动词只能用原形，不可造<现在进行式>；表示“瞬间产生”的动作的<动词片语>，如 sit down，stand up，不可造<现在进行式>。
What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什么？ 你正在阅读一本书。
What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘们正在做什么？ 她们在唱歌。
What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比尔在写什么？ 他在写一封信。
How old are you?
结构∶问句：How old＋be 动词＋主词（某人）？
答句：主词（某人）＋be 动词＋year(s) old。
说明∶此句型意为“某人几岁？某人是…岁”。该句型中，<疑问词>要用 how，不可用 what；且 be <动词>（am，is，are）要和后面的<主词>(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。
How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你几岁？我十二岁。
How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹几岁？她十三岁。
How old is John? He is one year old. 约翰几岁？他一岁。
What time is it?
结构∶问句：What time is it？
答句：It is＋数字＋o’clock。
说明∶此句型意为“现在是几点钟？现在是…点钟”。问句中 what 当<形容词>，修饰后面的<名词> time；time 当时间解时，只能用单数，不可用复数。
What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是十点钟。
What time is it? It is six o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是六点钟。
What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是九点钟。
Do you + V ...?
结构∶问句：Do／Does＋主词＋原形动词…？
肯定简答：Yes，主词＋do／does。
否定简答：No，主词＋don’t／doesn’t。
说明∶肯定句中，如有一般<动词>（speak，work，teach…），则在句首加<助动词> do 或 does，并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>（不加s或es），即构成<疑问句>。
Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
你讲英语吗？是的，我讲英语。（不，我不讲英语。）
Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)
她有一只猫吗？是的，她有一只猫。（不，她没有一只猫。）
Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.)
他们在办公室里工作吗？是的，他们在办公室里工作。（不，他们不在办公室里工作。）
What time do you + V ...?
结构∶问句：What time＋do／does＋主词＋原形动词…？
答句：主词（某人）＋一般动词…＋时间。
说明∶此句型意为“某人几点做某事？”<助动词> do 或 does 的选择依<主词>而定，若<主词>为第三人称单数，用 does；其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床？我通常六点起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。
What day is today?
结构∶问句：What day is today？
答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／…。
说明∶此句型意为“今天是星期几？今天是星期日／星期一／…。”it 可用于指“星期的名称”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是<专有名词>，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加<冠词>。
What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期三。
What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...
结构∶问句：How many＋复数名词＋are there in／on＋名词？
答句：There is／are＋单数（复数）名词＋in／on＋名词。
说明∶此句型意为“在某处有多少…？在某处有…。”该句型中，many 修饰复数<名词>；又因本句型是 <疑问句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有几个季节？ 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有几天？ 一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
这本书里有几课？ 这本书里有十二课。
How many ... do you have?
结构∶问句：How many＋复数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has…＋复数名词＋…。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋复数名词…。
说明∶“How many”后面接复数<可数名词>，复数<名词>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
你有几本书？ 我有许多书。（我没有书。）
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有几件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)
她有几个朋友？ 她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。）
How much ... do you have?
结构∶问句：How much＋单数不可数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has…＋单数不可数名词。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋单数不可数名词。
说明∶“How much”后面接单数<不可数名词>，单数<不可数名词>前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much homework.) 他们有多少家庭作业？ 他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他们有多少水果？ 他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。）
How much do(es) ... cost?
结构∶How much do（es）＋某物＋cost…？
说明∶此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much＋ be <动词>＋某物？"。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)这部电脑值多少钱？
How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜值多少钱？
How much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱？
Did ... V ...
结构∶Did＋主词＋原形动词＋…过去时间？
说明∶将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did＋原形<动词>”，并将 Did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的<疑问句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗？
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗？
Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗？
Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？
Do you ever + V ...?
结构∶问句：Do／Does＋主词＋ever＋原形动词…？
答句：No，主词＋never＋一般动词（加s或es）…。
说明∶ever 通常用于<疑问句>，never 通常用于否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形 <动词>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
你曾经使用电脑吗？不，我未曾使用过电脑。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比尔，上学绝不可迟到。
What year was he born in?
结构∶What date／year＋was／were＋主词＋born＋on／in？
说明∶此句型意为“你出生于几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形动词> bear 的过去<分词>，在文法上当 <形容词>，前面常有 was 或 were；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人＋was／were born…”。
What year were you born in? 你出生于那一年？
What date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日？
What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于几月？
What will you do on ...?
结构∶What will／did＋主词＋do＋on＋时间？
说明∶此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。
What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教师节将做什么事？
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事？
What did John do on New Year’s Day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事？
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事？
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？
How do you + V ...?
结构∶问句：How＋do＋主词＋一般动词…？
答句：主词＋一般动词…＋情状副词。
说明∶How 是问情况的<疑问副词>，表示“怎样…？”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为 <情状副词>。当用来修饰<不及物动词>时，<情状副词>位于其后；当用来修饰<及物动词>时，<情状动词>位于<及物动词>的前面或后面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎样做你的工作？ 我很快乐地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎样注视林先生？ 她冷漠地注视林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎样驾驶他的计程车？ 他小心地驾驶他的计程车。
You are ..., aren’t you?
结构∶肯定句，＋否定式助动词＋主词？
说明∶这是一种反意<疑问句>，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主词>是<名词>时，附加问句的<主词>要用<代名词>代替：it 代替 this， that，<不定词>(当<主词>)或<动名词>(当<主词>)等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列<助动词>的否定缩写式较易弄错：will not－>won’t；would not－> wouldn’t；should not－>shouldn’t；can not－>can’t；could not－>couldn’t； might not－>mightn’t；ought not－>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<动词>现在式，则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替；有一般<动词>过去式，则附加问句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？
They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他们将去欧洲，不是吗？
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老师，不是吗？
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？
You can do it, can’t you? 你会做它，不是吗？
We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 我们应该早起，不是吗？
He isn’t ..., is he?
结构∶否定句，＋肯定式助动词＋主词？
说明∶这是另一种反意<疑问句>。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意<疑问句>的回答和对否定式一般<疑问句>一样，要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? －- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
他不是经理，是吧？－－不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麦克没有车，是吗？
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 秘书没有打过这封信，是吗？
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他们不会去欧洲，是吗？
You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老师，是吗？
I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？
What in the world ...?
结构∶疑问词＋in the world／on earth／ever＋其他
说明∶此句型意为“究竟…？到底…？”。这是特殊<疑问句>的强调说法。in the world，on earth 和 ever是强调疑问词的<片语>。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底将如何做这件事？
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什么？
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的？
Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪儿丢的呀？
What in the world are they hoping for? 他们到底想要什么？
Are you ... or ...?
结构∶一般疑问句（读升调）＋or＋一般疑问句（读降调）
说明∶此句型意为“是…还是…？"。这是选择<疑问句>，前面都是一般<疑问句>，后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。