英语主题阅读研究
一、初中生英语写作中存在的问题
英语学习对于很大一部分学生来说是一件头痛的事情，更别提考验综合能力的写作了。英语写作能力涉及到学生对词汇、语法、逻辑等诸多方面的掌握程度。我们中国以汉语为母语，缺乏学习英语的环境，所以学生在英语写作中存在众多问题。
1. 词汇量少，单词拼写错误
很多初中生在进行英语写作时感觉困难，主要是因为他们没有积累足够的英语单词、短语和句子，对于同一个汉语所对应的英语表达所知甚少。尤其在考试当中，由于受时间、心态等因素的影响，很多学生在作文中写不出重点单词，甚至熟悉的单词也会写错。比如interesting, beautiful, difficult, believe等平时经常用到的词汇，在考试作文中也常常会被写错。
2. 语法错误多，出现中式英语
语法错误在英语写作中比较常见，源于学生对其掌握不够牢固。再由于学生写作时受母语影响严重，习惯了用汉语的思维来写英语作文，所以在写作时不注意人称、时态的一致性，经常出现中式英语。例如：My father usually go to work by bike. (本应为My father usually goes to work by bike.); I very missmy grandmother. (本应为I miss my grandfather very much.)
3. 缺少过渡词，行文不流畅
很多学生的作文通常是由众多Ilike ---, I don’t like ---, It’s interesting---, It’s boring--- 等类似的、单一的句子拼凑而成，缺少过渡词，文章不流畅，让作文审阅者倍感疲乏，学生的作文分数也大打折扣。
4. 书写不规范，卷面不整洁
写作注重的是文章的整体结构，书写规不规范，卷面整不整洁，直接影响到文章的好坏。在平时的写作中，学生不严格遵守英语写作格式规范，比如句子首字母未大写，英语标点符号使用不准确，整篇文章段落分层不合理。还有些学生想到什么写什么，写错了就在原文上涂改，反复的修改使得卷面潦草凌乱，不整洁。
二、提高初中生英语写作的方法
为了更好地提高初中生的英语写作水平，培养其良好的写作习惯，提高其写作质量，让学生乐于写作，本文将介绍以下几种方法：
1.扩大词汇量
万丈高楼平地起。足够的词汇量是学生进行课文理解，课外阅读和英语写作的基础。在平时的英语教学中，教师要求学生坚持对每一单元的单词、短语、重点句型进行听写，并且根据遗忘规则，循环记忆。教师还要善于指导学生将所学的单词进行总结归类，使学生在融会贯通之间掌握更为丰富的单词储备。
例如：在表达“喜欢”涵义时，可采用以下表达：I like---, I love---, I enjoy---, My favorite---.
2. 指导学生写作，让学生明白怎样写
如果说积累丰富的英语词汇是英语写作的前提，那么，掌握一定的写作技巧是英语写作的根本。平时，笔者指导学生按照“审---抓---连---扩---改---抄”六步法进行写作。“审”就是审题，确定文体类型，人称和时态。“抓”即抓要点，包括写作内容，要求，时间，地点，人物等。“连”即将重点词汇连成句子。“扩”即将句子扩展成文，并用适当的过渡词将句子连贯起来，使之成为一篇较为完整的文章。“改”是六步法中重要的一步，即“查错改错”，检查文中单词、时态、人称是否正确，主谓是否一致，要点是否全面，是否符合英语表达习惯。最后一步就是“抄”，在草稿本上完成之前五步后，将文章工整地誊写到作业本或试卷上，并注意书写规范，卷面整洁。
3. 勤于练习
对于英语学习者来说，多听不如多说，多说不如多写。要想提高英语写作能力，勤于写作时必不可少的。笔者要求学生每天用英语写四个句子，即“每日四句”，内容不限，可以是学生自己的所见所闻，也可以利用某一语法结构造句，教师及时给学生批阅。长期坚持下来，学生的英语写作确实有所提高，所学的语法知识也能够灵活运用。除了练习英语句子，笔者还要求学生每周写一篇英语作文，并适时地教给他们一些过渡词。例如，在表达观点或提出建议时，可用first of all, next, then, finally等词，条理清晰，简单明了；表达转折关系时，可用but, however；表达因果关系时，可用so,therefore, as a result 等；总结时可用in a word, as is known to all 等过渡词。所用过渡词对整篇文章具有承上启下的作用，使行文流畅。
4. 采用多种方法批改学生作文
文章不厌百回改。教师对学生的习作进行修改，从而能使学生的习作水平得到大幅度提升。笔者通常采用以下方式批改学生作文：第一，课后统一收齐作文本批改。这种方式大大节约了课堂时间，同时，老师还可以在作文本上写上适当的批语。比如Well, your handwriting is very beautiful,but would you please pay attention to some words mistakes? You have made great progressin writing. Please keep working.等等类似的句子经常出现在学生的作文本上，激励学生写作，使学生变“要我写”为“我要写”，转“我要写”为“我乐写”。第二，当面批改。一边批改，一边给学生讲评。这样可以使学生更加全面地了解自己在写作中存在的问题，明白该如何改进和提升。第三，学生互评。学生以小组为单位，对组员的习作互相评论，集合众人的观点来弥补自己的不足。教师适时把优秀的作文当作范文让学生来模仿写作，既激发了学生的写作兴趣，也增加了他们的成就感。
三、结束语
Rome is not built in one day. 高水准的写作能力不是短时间可以练成的，它是长期积累形成的自然而然的结果。教师在开展写作教学活动的时候，需要强化写作教学观念，注重对学生的写作引导，讲解正确的写作方法，注重习作的讲评结合，激发学生的写作兴趣。学生在学习过程中，积极配合教师指导，广泛阅读，勤于练笔。千里之行，始于足下，长期积累，优美的文章便会信手捏来。
希望能帮助到你，望采纳！
㈡ 阅读一篇英语时文 从中拓展出一个写作主题，用英语进行分析和讨论。 这个题目应该如何作答
提高写作水平，路径很多，最重要的一点就是能吃得下苦。因为空想形成不了文章，只有努力去学，努力去写，掌握了规律和技巧，写作水平自然也就提高了。
一是勤观察、多思考。每一篇文章都是现实生活的反映，不管是写一个人、一件事还是一种景物，都离不开现实生活这个模板。汉朝司马迁曾经说过：读万卷书，行万里路。这里的“行万里路”，指的就是指要从多方面观察和感受生活。要多参加社会活动，在活动中仔细观察身边的人和事，把主要特征牢记于心。要多听别人对一件事情的议论或者评论，记录话语中的感受和感悟。同时，要把所看到、听到的生活片断进行深入的思考，真正了解事件的表现形式、深刻意义、本质特征，加以感情修饰，切实掌握写作的第一手资料。
二是勤读书、多积累。读书破万卷，下笔犹有神。文学作品之所以能流传下来，都是有一定哲理在里面，有一定的道理在里面，有一定的生活经验在里面，这些哲理、道理、经验是我们写作时可以借鉴的。读书并不是什么书都去认真来读，有的书可以当作范文，学一些对事物的描写、对人物的刻画，使自己获得多方面的营养。有的书就需要仔细的读，深入的推敲，学一些主题的表现、结构的安排、语言的运用，获得好的写作方法和技巧。书读得多了，词汇量就大了，写作技巧自然也就成熟了。也就是说，积累的量到了一定程度，就可以发生一些质的变化。
三是勤练笔、多模写。文章是写出来的，不是想出来的。刚开始多写，比写得好更重要。养成坚持不懈的习惯和见事拿笔的这种行动力，比你的灵感创意都要重要。不是有了很多灵感才下笔，而是开始写了你就会来很多灵感。比如说写一首诗，它是讲究平仄格律的，还需要押韵、对仗等等要求，可以拿来一首诗，把其中的词语换成另一个词来表达，天空换成苍穹、飘荡换成飘舞、绿换成翠、艳换成俏，刚开始可能很别扭，写的多了，就会习惯了，也就掌握窍门了。当然模写不是照抄，也不能沉醉于模仿，在模写的基础上，注入自己的写作思路，文章框架，词汇表达等等。经常进行认真的写，逐渐摸索出文章的“思路”和“机关”，时间长了，自己的写作水平也就提高了。
希望我的回答能给予一点启示。
㈢ 《英语主题阅读精粹（初中基础版》 上海市学生英文报
The umbrella man
One day, Jack's wife was cleaning the closet.
"Look at these umbrellas," Jack's wife said to him, "here are eight umbrellas and are bad."
"I will bring them to the umbrella shop," Jack said, "theyare so new, you lose more than a pity."
Jack took the eight umbrellas to the umbrella shop and leave them there. "They will be ready tomorrow," said the clerk.
At night he sat as usual bus home from the office. He sat next to an old woman. There is an umbrella beside her.
When the bus arrived, he picked up her umbrella and stood up.
"Hey!" The woman said. "That is my umbrella."
"Sorry," Jack said, handing her umbrella. "I did not think.Please forgive me.
The very next day he retrieved from umbrella umbrella shop and got on the train. When he sat down, a voice from the sound behind him: "you are very successfultoday!"
He turned and saw the woman took the umbrellayesterday. She thought he was an umbrella man.
偷伞的人
一天，杰克的妻子正在清扫壁橱。
“看这些雨伞，”杰克的妻子对他说，“这里有八把伞而且都坏了。”
“我会把它们带到雨伞店去修，”杰克说，“他们还那么新，丢掉多可惜。”
杰克把八把伞带到雨伞店里然后把它们留在那里。“它们明天就能修好，”店员说。
晚上他像往常一样坐公共汽车从办公室回家。他坐在一个老女人旁边。她的旁边有一把伞。
当公共汽车到站时，他捡起她的伞然后站了起来。
“哎！”那个女人说。“那是我的伞。”
“实在对不起，”杰克说，把雨伞递给她。“我没有多想。请原谅我。”
第二天他从雨伞店取回雨伞然后坐上了车。 当他坐下时，一个声音从他身后响起：“你今天很成功啊！”
他转过身看到了那个昨天拿伞的那个女人。 她想他是一个偷伞的人。
㈣ 求英语主题阅读粹选 翻译
近日，科学期刊《柳叶刀》进行了一项全球研究，其中包括来自122个国家的调查结果，列出了世界上最不爱运动国家的排行榜。而英国位列第八。
如今，英国四处洋溢着2012伦敦奥运会的狂热气息。而在某科学杂志评选出的"世界上最不爱运动国家排行榜"，英国却名列第八。
Brits the length and breadth of the country are currently gripped by London 2012 Olympic fever.
如今，英国四处洋溢着2012伦敦奥运会的狂热气息。
While many of us are hugely inspired by the phenomenal achievements of the athletes, the sad reality is that only a minority of us share the same enthusiasm for being active.
当我们许多人因为运动员的杰出成就受到极大鼓舞时，残酷的现实却是：仅有少数人与他们一样拥有运动的热情。
Scientific journal The Lancet has carried out a global study, including results from 122 countries, to establish which nations are the laziest.
科学期刊《柳叶刀》进行了一项全球研究，其中包括来自122个国家的调查结果，列出了世界上最不爱运动国家的排行榜。
The UK, it found was one of the most inactive countries, with a staggering 63.3% of the population being inactive. It was ranked eighth laziest country in the world.
研究发现，英国是最不爱运动的国家之一，居然有63.3%的人口不爱运动，位列排行榜第八。
The UK was put to shame when compared with its US friends. The study found just over 40 per cent of those in North America were inactive, putting it in the 46th spot.
当与他的好朋友美国比较时，英国应当感到羞愧。调查显示只有40%多的北美居民不爱运动，处于第46位。
Meanwhile, Greece was labelled the least lazy nation in the study. Only 15% of the population of the balmy Mediterranean country, which also boasts one of the world`s healthiest diets, was classed as inactive.
同时，希腊是研究中最爱运动的国家。这个气候宜人的地中海国家只有15%的人口被归为不爱运动，他们同时也享受着世界上最健康的饮食。
Overall, women rated lower than men in the study. The highest percentage of inactive women was found in countries where they find it difficult to find employment e to social constraints, such as Saudi Arabia, which ranked third least active country.
总的来说，此项研究中，女人比男人更缺乏活力。不爱运动女人的最高比率出现在妇女失业率高的国家，比如位列第三的沙特阿拉伯。
Of the countries surveyed almost one third of their population is considered inactive.
调查的国家中基本上都有三分之一的人群不爱运动。
And 80 per cent of adolescents rated as below the standards.
而且80%的青少年低于标准。
The results of the study, the researchers said, are being release to coincide with the Olympic Games to help spur lazy members of the public to choose to lead more active lives.
研究者说，公布调查的结果是为了与奥运会相呼应，帮助激励群众中的懒惰分子选择更有活力的生活。
The researchers point out that lack of exercise is now a leading cause of death and a third of people across the world do not meet the minimum activity recommendations, which is generally about 2.5 hours of moderate activity per week.
研究者指出，现在缺乏锻炼是死亡的主要原因，世界上三分之一的人口没有达到最低运动量推荐标准，也就是每星期一共适度运动2.5个小时。
They hope that the timing of the series, along with Olympic excitement, will give people a push into more physical action.
他们在奥运会激情四溢之时推出这个榜单，希望能促使人们参与到更多的体育运动中去。
㈤ 求英语的阅读20篇小短文并写出主题思想，急需！！！
20篇文字太多,有字数限制,没方法了
1,The Earth——Our Mother
Pcople often say that the earth is like our mother. She gives life to all the living things on the earth and provides us with air, food, water and other essential things we need for living.
Once she was beautifhl and rich, but now she becomes dirtier and dirtier, poorer and poorer. It is e to what we have done to her. Please have a good look at her: polluted rivers and lakes, growing deserts, the destruction of the forests and wild life, and the depletion of the ozone layer…
Can she bear to see her children putting the waste here and there? Can she bear too see her children cutting down the trees and destroying the grassland, to see the acid rain destroying everything? Can we bear to see our mother suffering so much? Isn' it time for us to ask ourselves whether this is the way to treat our mother?
Floods, draughts, acid rain…,these are the punishments from nature. Everyone should know that there is only one earth, lfwe go on treating her like this, it won' t be fit for us to live in any longer. It' s time for us to love her, take good care of her and cure her. We should save the earth so as to save ourselves.
地球——我们的母亲
人们经常说地球就像我们的母亲.她给了地球上所有生物生命,给我们提供生活所必需的空气、食物、水和一切基本的需要.
曾经她美丽富饶,而现在她变得越来越脏,越来越贫脊,那都是我们造成的.请好好看一看她：受污染的江河湖海、扩张的沙漠、森林和野生生物的毁灭、臭氧层的耗尽……
她能忍受她的孩子到处乱扔废弃物吗?她能忍受她的孩子砍伐树木、毁坏草原,让酸雨毁灭一切吗?我们能忍受她遭受这样的痛苦吗?我们该问问我们自己,这就是我们对待母亲的方式吗?
洪水、干旱、酸雨……这些都是自然对我们的惩罚.每个人都应该清楚人类只有一个地球.如果我们继续这样对待她,她将不再适合我们居住了.是该我们好好爱她、照顾她、治疗她的时候了.我们应该拯救地球,以便拯救我们自己.
2.My favourite teacher is Miss Huang. She is a beautiful lady. She has two big eyes, a high nose and a little red mouth. There is always a smile on her face.
Miss Huang likes singing and collecting posters. She is good at playing the piano. In the evening, she always sits in front of the piano and plays nice music. She is good at dancing, too. Sometimes she teaches us dancing.
Miss Huang likes dogs very much because the dog is very friendly and cute. Her favourite color is blue. Because blue is the color of the sky and the sea.
This is my favourite teacher. Our classmates all like her very much.
我最喜欢的老师是黄老师.她是一位漂亮的女性.她有两只大大的眼睛,一个高高的鼻子和一张小小的红唇.她的脸上总带着笑容.
黄老师喜欢唱歌和收集海报.她钢琴弹得很好.晚上,她常常坐在钢琴前弹奏优美的乐曲.黄老师跳舞也很棒.有时她也会教我们跳舞.
黄老师非常喜欢狗,因为狗很友好也很可爱.黄老师最喜欢的颜色是蓝色,因为蓝色是天空和海的颜色.
这就是我喜欢的老师.我们班的同学都非常喜欢她.
3A Letter to Haiqing
Dear Haiqing,
I am very sorry to learn that you are unhappy now. But I don' t think you should be unhappy.
I know that your iamily is not rich. So your parents can' t afford to buy you something of famous brands, which makes you unhappy. But they have sent you to school so that you can receive good ecation and have abreght future. This is not easy for your parents. So you should think about your parents. Don't ask for something that is out of your parents' reach. Don' t be vain-glorious.
I also thind you should put your heart into study. Read more books and then you can get a lot from reading. Without the famous brand competition you will become happy.
I hope I can help you out of unhappiness. Wish you happy.
Yours,
Huang Ping
给海青的一封信
亲爱的海青：
我知道你现在闷闷不乐,感到很难过.但是,我并不认为你应该如此.
我知道你的家庭不富裕,所以你父母买不起名牌给你,这使你不高兴.但是他们送你来学校读书,使你能够接受良好的教育并有一个光明的未来,这对你的父母来说并不容易.你应当考虑一下你的父母.不要要求得到超出你父母能力范围的东西,不要爱慕虚荣.
我也认为你应该将精力投入到学习中去.读更多的书,你能从中学到很多.没有名牌的攀比,我想你会变得快乐.
希望能帮助消除不快.祝你快乐.
你的朋友 黄平
4Pollution: a Social Problem
When we read newspapers, we often come across the word pollution. This word was not familiar to the people some decades ago. But now, it is a serious threat to us because.it means the poisoning of the air, seas, rivers and lands, which would do harm to our health.
There are many factories that bring pollution to us. We can not have fresh air in the morning. This is mainly because of the poisonous smoke coming from factories, especially chemical ones. In rivers, seas and oceans, there are instrial wastes. Some factories just throw their wastes into seas or let them flow into rivers. When people drink the water from such rivers, they get poisoned. Besides, there is rubbish from ships and when sometimes an accident occurs in an ocean, oil flows out from tankers.
On land, the accumulation of rubbish in the streets may dirty the city and ruin our health. This is mainly e to the improper disposal of rubbish by people.
If we do mot fight against pollution, surely one day all of us will be killed. Some people like to put the blame on the instrial revolutions. On the contrary, the pollution problem will be solved only with the help of modem science and technology.
污染——一个社会问题
我们看报的时候,经常会看到“污染”这个词.这个词对于几十年前的人来说并不熟悉.然而对于我们来说,它是一个严重的威胁,因为它意味着危害空气、海洋、河流和土地,进而对我们造成伤害.
有很多工厂给我们带来了污染.早上我们呼吸不到新鲜的空气.这主要是因为这些工厂里排放出有毒的气体,尤其是化工厂.在江河湖海里到处都有工业垃圾.一些工厂把废弃物排放到江河和海洋里.人们喝了这里面的水就会中毒.除此之外,还有从船上扔下来的垃圾和海洋里发生事故的船只流出来的油.
在陆地上,街道上乱扔的垃圾不仅影响市容,还危害我们的健康.这主要是因为人们对垃圾的不正确的处理.
我们如果不对污染采取措施,总有一天我们会被杀死的.有些人总爱把这归咎于工业革命.相反,污染问题还必须靠现代科学和技术来解决.
5Traditional Teaching Method
Do your teachers still use traditional techniques to teach you nowadays? A revol- ution in teaching techniques is required now. In the past, we just took it for granted that a teacher' s aim was to teach the students all that he knew and solve all the problems for them. Therefore, students could mot judge things on their own under this circumstance. Thus students graally lost the ability to learn by themselves. In addition, they were only equipped with the knowledge that were taught in class and made the same judgement upon every problem which might crop up. Of course, they would find their knowledge not enough to solve practical problems.
So it is time to change the teaching method. A teacher' s goal is to help the students develop not only the ability to learn by themselves but the skills to make judgements on every aspect on their own. It' s not necessary for the students to turn to teachers for help while meeting with difficulties. The first thing is to develop the students' abilities to make sound judgements upon any problem and overcome difficulties.
All in all, the aim of teaching is to liberate, but mot to fetter the students' innate powers of making sound judgements.
传统教育方式
你的老师还在用传统方法授课吗?现在教育方式的改革需要进行.过去,老师把他所有的知识教给学生,并帮学生解决他们所有的难题,这似乎是理所当然的.因此,在这种情况下,学生不能自我判断,也慢慢失去自学能力.另外,他们只能学到课堂上的东西,面对任一突发事件都会作出同样的判断.当然,他 们业余感到所学知识不足以解决实际问题.
因此,是到了改变教育目标的时候了.老师的目的不光是帮助学生培养自学能力,还应教给他们独立判断的方法.学生一旦面临难题就请教老师是不必要的.重要的是让学生具有独立判断并能克服困难的能力.
总而言之,教育目标是解放而不是限制学生判断事物的内在能力.
6,How to study English?
Study English,You do need to use English with speakers who are not teachers of English. This isn’t easy, since everyone feels constrained speaking English with friends with whom it would be natural to use a shared mother tongue. Joining an English Club is a good idea and joining a club with an international membership (where English is in use at least some of the time) is, for many people, even better. If nothing like this is accessible, you might consider what would be involved in getting something going.
活用英文乐趣多 活用英文乐趣多
你需要常常和英语教师以外的人士用英语交谈.这当然很不容易,因为与母语相同的人自由交谈时,彼此若用英语交谈总会觉得很不自在.亦可参加英语俱乐部或国际会员的俱乐部（至少有时使用英语沟通）,这样对很多人而言更有益.如果没有合适的社团可加入,也不妨考虑任何足以提高英语能力的机会.第一篇：THE NEWSPAPER 报 纸
Nowadays the newspaper possesses considerable value Everybody should read it. It supplies us with a variety of news every day. It tells us the political situation of the world. If we form the habit of reading the newspaper, we shall (will) get enough knowledge to cope with our circumstances.
现今报纸拥有极大的价值,人人都应该看它.它每天提供我们各种类类的消息.它告诉我们世界政治局势.如果我们养成看报的习惯,我们就能得到足够的知识来因应我们的环境.学生虽然每天须做功课,但他们至少应该匀出一两个小时来看报.哪些,他们不但能增加知识而且也能赶上时代.总而言之,看报对学生很有益处.
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7：MY DAILY LIFE 我的日常生活
Though my daily life is extremely monotonous, I try hard to adapt myself to it. Why? Because I intend to be a good student. I wish to render service to my country.
I get up at six o’clock every day. After I wash my face and brush my teeth, I begin to review my lessons. I go to school at seven o’clock.
After school is over, I return home. We usually have supper at seven o’clock.
Then I begin to do my homework. I want to finish it before I go to bed.
虽然我的日常生活十分单调,但我却竭力设法去适应它.为什么?因为我打算做一个好学生,希望将来为国家服务.
我每天六点起床、洗脸刷牙后,就开始复习功课,七点钟我就去上学.
放学后,我就回家了.我们通常在七点钟吃晚餐,之后我就开始做家庭作业,希望在睡觉前把它做完.
8A MODEL STUDENT 模范学生
Do you mind being called a bad student? Of course not. So far as I know, everybody intends to be (become) a model student.
However, to be a model student is by no means an easy thing. First, he must do his best to obtain knowledge. A man without sufficient knowledge will not succeed. Secondly, he must remember to improve his health. Only a strong man can do great tasks. Thirdly, he should receive moral ecation. If his conct is not good, no one will consider making friends with him.
你价意被称为坏学生吗?当然不.就我所知,每个人都打算做模范学生.
然而,做模范学生却不容易.第一,他必须尽力获得知识（求知）.一个没有足够知识的人是不会成功的.第二,他必须记住促进健康.只有强壮的人才能做大事.第三,他应该接受道德教育.如果他品行不好,没有人会考虑和他交朋友的.
读书是一好事,但我们必须多加注意书的选择.不错,我们能从好书中获得益处.然而,坏书却对我们有害无益.
㈥ 如何准确抓住考研英语阅读主题
一、主旨题识别方法
大纲当中明确要求考生要有理解文章主旨要义的能力。主题题就是要考查考生找到一篇文章的中心主旨的能力，命题形式主要有以下两种：一是直接发问，问中心主旨、论点等；二是要求考生给文章定题目，测试考生对文章理解的程度和概括能力。
A.直接发问的题干问法举例如下：
We can draw a conclusion from the text that ______.
They key point of the passage is______.
What is the passage mainly about?
This passage is mainly about ______.
B.给文章定题目的题干问法举例如下：
An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______.
Which of the following is the best title for this text?
The best title for the text may be ______.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
主旨题解题思路：通过略读抓主题句（topic sentence），这是概括文章中心思想的常见方法。主题句表达中心思想，其他的句子均围绕其展开说明或议论。按照西方人思维习惯，他们喜欢使用演绎法，即先提出重要信息，然后引用材料来论述。考研阅读文章结构大体符合演绎规则。
㈦ 如何抓住英语四级阅读的主题思想
一、抓主题思想。我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。
例如：
Directions: Choose the most general word.
(A) chemist (B) physicist
(C) scientist (D) biologist
该问题要求找出最有概括性的词。(C) scientist 符合题意，因为它包含了chemist, physicist和biologist，而(A)，(B)和(D)都指某一具体学科的科学家，不能概括其它的词。因此，scientist最有概括性。
例二：
Directions: Choose the most general sentence.
(A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily.
(B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorictta Bay Inn.
(C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.
(D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorictta Bay Inn including babysitting.
(A)， (C)，(D)都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况，相互间并无联系。而(B)却概括了(A)，(C)和(D)的共性的东西，即：为什么旅客住在这家旅馆 里有宾至如归的感觉。因此，(B)符合题意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上(A)，(B)，(C)，(D)几条信息，那末，(B)就是该段中心思想。由于同 样的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段叙述几方面的内容，那末，这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。
例三：
Directions: Choose the main idea of an article. (Following are the topic sentences of an article.)
1) A mounting body of evidence suggests that fighting violence with violence rarely deters a crime in progress and greatly increases the chances of changing a robbery into a violent attack on the victim.
2) One report shows that at least 100 thousand handguns are stolen from private owners each year, the vast majority ring burglaries...
3) Moreover. a study of robberies in eight American cities states that in less than 4 percent of the crimes did the victim have the opportunity to use a weapon....
Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the article?
(A) What Happens to the Victim of Crime?
(B) Is Your Family Safe?
(C) Should You Arm Yourself Against Crime?
第一段和第三段提到了victims(受害者)，第二段中提到了入室行窃，但是这三段说明的共同问题是人们是否应拥有自己的武器来反对犯罪行为。因此只有选择(C)才能概括这三段所共同说明的问题，也就是此文的中心思想。
二、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容。面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容;但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。
例四：
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best central thought
Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering. In sailing ship days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets. This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enring spirit of cooperation. Growers shared with one another improvements in proction. Without government aid of any sort, they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization. Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest instry.
(A) In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were many months away from supplies and markets.
(B) Hawaiian sugar growers built their great instry without government help.
(C) Hawaiian sugar growers have set up their own research organization and have shared improvements.
(D) By pioneering together, sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest instry.
(A)，(B)和(C)项只是文中提到的各项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了，只有(D)项才概括了全文要说明的问题，因此，(D)是该文的主题思想。
要求抓主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题，因为短文的标题常常也体现它所围绕的主题或讨论的中心。因此，为短文选择标题实际上也反映了对主题思想的掌握。
例五：
Directions: Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage.
There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.
(A) Economic Principles
(B) Law of Supply and Demand
(C) More Goods, Lower Prices
(D) Fewer Goods, Higher Prices
该问题中，(A)泛指经济规律，面过宽;(C)和(D)只是供需规则的二个单独的方面不能包含全部，面太窄。正确的答案是(B)，因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题。
例六：
Directions: Read the following passage and select the most appropriate title:
According to legend, the gods of the ancient Greeks lived in the clouds on the top of Mount Olympus. Zeus, the father of the gods, carried a bolt of lightning in his hand and ruled like an earthly king. Apollo was the sun god and his beams were golden arrows; he shielded the flocks of sheep and the fields of grain. Athena was the warrior goddess, standing in shining armor ready to protect the Greek cities. There were other gods as well, all with familiar human characteristics, but these were the leading gods.
(A) The Gods of the Ancient Greeks
(B) The Legend of the Sky God Zeus
(C) Beliefs of the Ancient Greeks
(D) Religions of the Past
该问题中，(B)项只是文中提到的一项具体内容，作为主题思想面太窄了。(C)和(D)项泛指，面太宽。只有(A)项才概括了全文要说明的问题，是全文的主题。
三、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句(Topic Sentence)表达。主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。
例七：
English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English
本段主题句为首句，其后的内容均说明首句。
例八：
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time
本段中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。
例九：
For alts a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.
本段主题句为第二句，因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法，并在本文中进一步作了说明。
然而，我们也常常发现，有的主题思想并非直接由一、二个句子表述，而是在文中间接暗示着。这就需要读者根据文中细节进行概括与归纳，找出主题思想。
㈧ 高考英语阅读记叙文会出现哪些主题
高考英语阅读记来叙文会出现哪些主题自
记叙文的特点就是以写人、叙事、写景狭义的记叙文，包括记叙性的文学作品、游记、日记。古代的记、传、序、表、志等、状物为主要内容、事，以状物为主，常见的如消息、通讯、通讯、简报、叙事、写景，以及一部分书信等。
正因为记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，所以一定要表达出作者对于生活的真切感受。
分类
侧重记事的记叙文、叙事、写景。
记叙文是指记人、特写、报告文学，现代的消息、物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描写的一类文章，如《白杨礼赞》《石榴》《海燕》、参观记。
广义的记叙文是指以记人，借象征抒怀、景，以叙述事情的发生、发展，都属于记叙文的范畴、状物为主，对社会生活中的人、状物等类的文章、游记等、经过和结果为重点，如《一面》。
侧重状物的记叙文、回忆录、回忆录；通过描述人物、时间及状物、写景来表达一定的中心
㈨ 英语阅读中，什么叫主题
题目是主题，如没标题，那就要你自己发现，就是文章展开的话题。
㈩ 英语阅读理解如何确定文章主题
这个问题问的很好，我曾经也有过这样的疑问，一般来说，英语文章有一种类似于专古代八股属文的模式，在考试中，大多数阅读理解都是关于环境问题，科学研究等，很少有关于生活的日记之类的，所以，首先文章首句挺重要的，因为老外比较直白，不会像我们似的老是爱用个引题什么的。第一段的结尾部分也会强调作者的观点和想要论证的句子，要细心。以上是对于一般情况来说的。个别情况肯定要个别讨论了，阅读确定不了文章主题关键问题还是“读不懂” 生词太多，句子结构太复杂，难理解，这些都是问题，所以根据自己的实际情况加强训练。