初二英语阅读理解词义猜测题

❶ 孩子初三英语阅读理解每次考试都丢分，尤其是主旨题和词义猜测题，天天背英语单词还是不行。到底是咋回事

背单词只是用来理解句子。而主旨题和词义题需要的是上下文的理解，也就是句内与句直接的关系，就譬如容单词的意思是通过语境来体现的。所以多看，多做精读，读透句与句直接的关系就能把握好这一类的题。当然背单词也是必不可少的。

❷ 英语阅读中如何根据上下文猜测词义

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。 任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种： (1)根据定义或解释猜测词义。例如下面的阅读材料： a bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. it gives us some interesting phrases(短语). one is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” it is the same as “to tell a secret”…. now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.” 短文后面有一个理解题目： john “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________. a. makes everyone know a secret b. the woman bout a cat c. buys a cat in the bag d. sells the cat in the bag 在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释it is the same as “to tell a secret.根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为a。 (2)根据情景和逻辑进行判断。例如：2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料a。其中第三段是这样的： as they go around town, the police help people. sometimes they find lost children. they take the children home. if the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. the police can always tell the people which way to go. they know all the streets and roads well. 文章后面有这样一道题： 53. in the text, “put an end to” means “___________”. a. stop b. cut c. kill d. fly 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是a。 (3)根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。例如下面的阅读材料： there is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. it is on a large island in the pacific ocean. the island is north island in new zealand. 101. what does the word “steam” mean in chinese? a. 自来水b. 大气c. 冰川d. 蒸汽 从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类第物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。 (4)根据背景和常识判断。请看2004年北京市海淀区中考试题的阅读材料c: watching some children trying to catch butterflies one august afternoon, i was reminded of an incident in my own childhood. when i was a boy of twelve in south carolina, something happened to me that made me never put any wild creature (living thing) in a cage(笼子). we lived on the edge of a forest, and every evening at sk the mockingbirds would come and rest in the trees and sing. there isn’t a musical instrument made by man that can proce a more beautiful sound than the song of the mockingbird. i decided that i would catch a young bird and keep it in a cage and in that way, i would have my own private musician. i finally succeeded in catching one and put it in a cage. at first, being scared, the bird fluttered(扑腾) about the cage, but finally it settled down in its new home. i felt very pleased with myself and looked forward to some beautiful singing from my little musician. on the second day of the bird’s captivity, my new pet’s mother flew to the cage with food in her mouth. the baby bird ate everything she brought to it. i was pleased to see this. certainly the mother knew better than i how to feed her baby. the following morning when i went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, i discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. i was terribly surprised! what had happened! i had taken extremely care of my little bird, or so i thought. arthur wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bird, explained what had happened. “a mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). she thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.” never since then have i caught any living creature and put it in a cage. all living creatures have a right to live free. 60. an ornithologist is probably a person who ____________ . a. studies birds b. loves creatures c. majors in habits d. takes care of trees ornithologist这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视a。

❸ 高中英语阅读理解的词义猜测题怎么做

阅读理解能力测试的主要要求及应试策略 王俊 高中英语阅读理解能力测试的主要要求： 1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。 2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。 4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。下面作者结合平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语 阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一、 先看题干，带着问题读文章。 即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。特别适用于对 图形表格类题材的理解。 二、 速读全文，了解大意知主题。 阅读的目的是获取信息。一个人的阅读能力的高低决定了他能否快速高效吸收有用信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。没有一定的阅读速度就不能顺利地输入信息，更谈不上运用英语。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40个词左右。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。 抓主题句这是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。用归纳法撰写的文章，都是表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子居后。此时主题句就是文章的最后一句。通常用演绎法撰写的文章，大都遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即从概述开始，随之辅以细说。这时，主题句就是文章的第一句。当然也有些文章没有主题句，需要读者自己去归纳。主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题往 往直接可从主题句中找到答案。 试试看，你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？ The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展 开。 三、 详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。 文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用"画 图列表法"，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。 例如：SEFC 3A Feed the World(2) 本文通过四个不同的国家和地区，总结了世界饥荒的主要原因。运 用图表，文章的结构和思路就一目了然了。 Reasons for world hunger In EU: 1) Food is bought from farmers and thrown away. 2) Farmers are paid not to grow crops. In India: Most land is owned by rich land owners. In less developed countries: Farmers are forced to plant cash crops. In western countries: Grain is fed to beef cattle. 四、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。这就是通常所说的深层理解。深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文；要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意揣测；它要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，推理才 有前提和基础。推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。例如高考题： Annealing Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. 1. Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle. 2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle? A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly. C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. 1、答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果，故选A而不选D。B 项明显错误；C项是手段不是目的，因此，都可排除。 2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的，时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程 中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。 3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退 火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。 五、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。 猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。 a. 定义法 如：Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即"退火"。 It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。 b 同位法 如:They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即"城堡"。 We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。 c. 对比法 如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but 一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来"，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。 d. 构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等） Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。 e. 因果法 如:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。六、 养成习惯，潜移默化结硕果。 1、养成默读习惯，使注意力集中的文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。 2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。 如:"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."这个句子，只要扫视划线的核心词，其语义就基本上清楚了。 英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程，要养成每天阅读英语的习惯，循序渐进，持之以恒，精泛结合，广泛猎奇。在潜移默化 中你会感觉到你的阅读能力又有了长足的提高。

❹ 初中英语阅读理解题及翻译

可以先自己做，再看答案。

In Germany there are different kinds of high schools. Some prepare students for workers, others prepare them for college. All schools are great places for making friends and learning German.
在德国，有各种不同的高中。一些学生准备的工人，其他人准备他们的大学。所有的学校都是广交朋友的好地方，学习德语。
Short days
短短几天
Most high schools in Germany begin at about 8∶00 am. and end at about 3∶30 pm. This means your morning will be busy with classes. You will have time to do homework and take part in private(私人的) clubs after school.
德国的大多数高中开始在约8∶上午00。到3∶下午30点。这意味着你的早晨将会忙着上课。你会有时间去做作业和参加私人俱乐部（私人的）放学后。
Formal setting
正式的场合
In Germany, teachers and students’ relationship is more formal than you might be used to. Teachers are respected and students must use the formal“Sie(德语，您)” when talking to teachers.
在德国，教师和学生的关系比你可能会用更正式的。尊重教师和学生必须使用正式的“SIE（德语，您）”老师说话的时候。
Getting to school
去学校
Most students take public transport to school or ride a bicycle. Some areas have school buses. It is not common for parents to drive students to school.
大多数学生乘公交上学或骑自行车。一些地区的学校巴士。父母开车到学校的学生是不常见的。
Private clubs
私人俱乐部
In many countries, schools offer official sports and after-school activities. This is less common in Germany. After-school activities are usually organized through private clubs. There are clubs for things like soccer, dance, choir, theatre and almost everything else. Once you are in Germany, ask around at school and talk to other students to find out what private clubs are in your area and meet your interests。
在许多国家，学校提供的官方运动后-学校活动。这是不常见的德国。在-学校活动通常都是通过私人俱乐部组织。有像足球，俱乐部跳舞，唱诗班，剧院和几乎所有其他。一旦你在德国，问问周围的学校与其他同学交谈了解私人俱乐部在您的区域，并满足您的利益。
Different states, different schools
不同的国家，不同的学校
Each of Germany’s 16 states has its own slightly different school systems. The school system in Brandenburg will be a little different from the system in Bavaria for example. Where you live, your knowledge level and your age will decide what school you can attend.
每一个德国的16个州都有各自的略有不同的学校系统。在勃兰登堡州的学校系统将从巴伐利亚的系统有些不同，例如。你生活在哪里，你的知识水平和你的年龄将决定你上什么学校，可以参加。
( )1. For high school students in Germany, which is NOT the common transport to school?
1。在德国的高中学生，这不是学校的公共交通？

A. School buses.校车 B. Parents’ cars.父母的车
C. Public transport.公共交通 D. Students’ bicycles.
学生自行车
( )2. In Paragraph 3，the underlined word “respected” can be best translated into
________.
3段，下划线的单词“尊重”可以翻译成
A. 受人尊敬的 B. 令人害怕的
C. 高收入的 D. 有权势的
( )3. From the passage, we can learn that in Germany ________.
3。从这篇文章中，我们可以得知，在德国________。
A. all kinds of high schools are for college
各类高中大学
B. age is not important for attending schools年龄参加学校并不重要
C. students can take part in after-school activities from 8∶00 am to 3∶30 pm.
学生可以参加学校的活动后-从8∶00时至3∶下午30点
D. students can join private clubs to meet their interests by themselves
学生可以参加私人俱乐部自己来满足他们的利益
( )4. What can be the best title for this article?
4。有什么可以为这篇文章最好的标题
?A. German Private Clubs德国的私人俱乐部
B. German Public Transport
德国公共交通
C. German High Schools德国的学校
D. German College Systems德国大学系统

语篇解读：本文介绍了德国的高中生活。
1. B。细节理解题。第四段最后一句“It is not common for parents to drive students to school”可知。
2. A。猜测词义题。根据上下文意思：老师和学生的关系比你平常的更正式。以及下句“您”，故选A。
3. D。概括归纳题。A、B和C在文中都是相反的句子。故选D。
4. C。概括归纳题。本文介绍了德国的高中生活。故选C。

❺ 高中英语阅读理解中猜测词义题的原则

有时有，是结合上下文和词组的意思

❻ 请问高考英语阅读理解的推测词义题怎么解答

同学你好，我是来自新东方优能学习中心的老师钟雷
词义题常用的方法包括：换词解释、反义解释、直接解释、例子解释、并列结构等。
祝你取得好成绩。